Why did Zheng Banqiao write "Bamboo and Stone" because of what he saw?

Teacher: Our Chinese characters are the most magical and vital writing in the world. Carefully examining each Chinese character will make you think of a poem or a painting. Take the word "bamboo" as an example. Can you imagine the shape of bamboo from its character structure?

生：The vertical one below is like its trunk, and the small horizontal ones above are like its branches and leaves. Its branches and leaves are intertwined with each other.

Teacher: Yes, the shape of this character is indeed like two towering bamboos. So what kind of feeling does the shape of this character give you?

Biology: Slim, tall, neat, united, growing together in clusters. Unpretentious, simple and uncomplicated.

Teacher: From its appearance, what kind of character can you associate with it?

Sheng: Upright, simple, firm, unwavering, and would rather break than bend.

Teacher: Since ancient times, bamboo has been deeply loved by the people. Bamboo, pine and plum are known as the "three friends of winter". It has extremely strong vitality. Regardless of the scorching heat of midsummer or the severe cold of March or September, it has green branches and leaves all year round and is full of vitality. So what kind of person do you think someone who loves bamboo would be?

Sheng: Integrity and selflessness, would rather bend than bend, be simple and unpretentious, do not admire glory, be firm, persistent, and unyielding.

Teacher: The students’ association makes sense. During the Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns of the Qing Dynasty, there was a man who was obsessed with bamboo. His calligraphy was as vigorous and handsome as a thin bamboo pole. In his paintings, the green and tall bamboos that are resistant to wind and frost are the most painted. Most of his poems are titled "Ying Bamboo and Praising Bamboo". He is Zheng Xie and Zheng Banqiao, one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" who is known as "unparalleled in poetry, calligraphy and painting, and a family of his own". Paint to express feelings, write poems to express aspirations. His attitude towards life can be reflected through his poems and paintings. In this lesson, we will appreciate three of his bamboo poems. (Blackboard writing: Appreciation of Zheng Banqiao’s poems on bamboo paintings) The poems on bamboo paintings are poems inscribed on his bamboo paintings. These three poems were written by Zheng Banqiao when he was the magistrate of Weixian County, when he was forced to resign as magistrate of Weixian County and said goodbye to his fellow villagers, and after he resigned. Let's first appreciate the first poem, "The Painted Bamboo Painting in the Weixian Department Presents Nian Bo Bao Dazhong Chengkuo". Weixian County is now Weifang City, Shandong Province. At that time, it was a famous poor county in Shandong Province. The disaster was severe and the people's lives were miserable. At that time, Zheng Banqiao was the county magistrate here. The Department is the government office, and the painting of bamboo in the Department means that a bamboo painting was painted in the government office. What does "present" mean? "Present, offer, send up respectfully." "Nian Bo" In the ancient imperial examinations, people who passed the same subject called each other "Tong Nian", and they called their parents of the same year or their fathers of the same year "Nian Bo". "Zhongcheng" is an official name. It was a nickname for the governor during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The word "大" was added in front of it to show respect. "Bao Dazhong Chengkuo" means that the governor's surname is Bao. This painting and poem by Zheng Banqiao are dedicated to him.

Students read poetry

Teacher: What kind of official do you think you see in the poem?

生: Love the people like a son and care about their sufferings.

Teacher: Which lines in the poem do you feel it from?

Sheng: Lying in the Yazhai, listening to the sounds of Xiao Xiaozhu, I suspect they are the sounds of suffering among the people.

Teacher: Let me explain these two sentences to you.

Sheng: I was lying in the government room and heard the sound of bamboo swaying in the wind outside the window. I suspected it was the complaints of the common people.

Teacher: Why can we feel from these two sentences that he is an official who cares about the sufferings of the people? Does "lying down and listening" just point out the way of listening?

Sheng: Not entirely, it also pointed out the time. (What time?) Late at night.

Teacher: Why didn’t the poet fall asleep late at night?

Sheng: The poet thought about the suffering of the people. This county is a poor county and the people's lives are very difficult. The poet is so sad that he can't sleep.

Teacher: The more I think about it, the more I feel sad, and the more sad I feel, the more I can’t sleep. What kind of scenes will appear in the poet’s mind at this time?

Scenes of people suffering from hunger, lacking food and clothing, and begging along the streets.

Teacher: What naturally lingers in my ears is the weeping and complaining voice of the people, the voice of begging. When I heard the sound of bamboo being blown by the wind from outside the window, I couldn't help but "suspected it was the sound of folk suffering." The word "suspect" describes the poet's feeling in what state?

Sheng: hallucination.

Teacher: In poetry, we often encounter inner emotions expressed through the description of dreams. Students, please recall, in which poems are there descriptions of dreams?

Biography: Lu You's "Wind and Rain on November 4th" I lay down at night listening to the wind and rain, and the iron horse glaciers fell into my dream. Xin Qiji's "Broken Array": He was drunk and looked at the sword by the light of the lamp, and dreamed of blowing the trumpet company camp. Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi" I have a deep dream at night and suddenly return to my hometown. I am dressing up outside the small window. Teacher: As the saying goes, there is something to think about during the day and something to dream about at night. Lu You and Xin Qiji often grieve over the fact that their motherland cannot be reunified and they themselves are left idle, so their military life can only be realized in their dreams. As for Su Shi, due to the ups and downs of his official career, he could only confide his inner sorrow and anger to his long-dead wife through dreams. Dreams express the most sincere emotions deep in their hearts. But Zheng Banqiao revealed his true feelings through hallucinations, which seemed to go further than dreams, expressing the poet's sincere feelings of being worried and never forgetting the suffering of the people.

What does "one branch and one leaf" mean?

生: Small things in people’s lives.

Teacher: What rhetoric does the author use in this sentence?

生: Metaphor, using branches and leaves to compare small things in people’s lives. These small things are related to the poet’s emotions.

Teacher: How can this sentence show that the poet is an official who loves the people?

Sheng: Common people often say that the seven things to do when opening a door, firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar, tea, are all essential to life. Zheng Banqiao even thought of these small things and cared about them, which is enough to show that he is a person. An official who loves the people.

Teacher: This poem is dedicated to the governor who is sitting on one side, but the poet said: "I am a small official in Caozhou County, every branch and leaf is always affectionate." "Little official, all the little things in people's lives are related to my feelings", and the dignified governor on the other side is excluded. Can you understand the author's implication?

Student: A small official like me has contact with the people every day and can see their suffering and understand their distress. Can a high-ranking official like you do the same? (Can you come down often and visit privately in private to see the life at the grassroots level below? Don’t always be aloof and indifferent.) Can you always think of the sufferings of the people?

Teacher: Dedicate such a poem to your boss. What is the meaning behind the poem?

Sheng: exhortation, sarcasm, warning, reminder.

Teacher: The poem is dedicated to the boss, but there are no words of compliment or praise in the poem. Instead, the poem uses the metaphor of natural associations and images to ridicule the boss. What kind of official do you see in this?

Sheng: Caring about the sufferings of the people, praying for the people, being honest and selfless, and willing to be a public servant of the people.

Teacher: Let us deeply feel that poets are really the parents and officials of the people. He is really connected by blood with the people. Zheng Banqiao was born into a poor intellectual family. He worked as a private school teacher in the countryside in his early years, and his life was extremely difficult. When his father passed away, he could only sell his ancestors' collection of books to pay for the funeral. After that, Zheng Banqiao made a living by selling calligraphy and painting for many years. At the age of forty He passed the imperial examination at the age of 50 and was sent to two poor counties in Shandong Province to serve as a small seventh-rank official for more than ten years. Therefore, he was well aware of the hardships of the people's lives. Once he took office, he could "help the world and save the people". "He pays attention to "every branch and leaf" in people's lives and tries his best to do some good things for the people. When a major famine occurred, he once opened warehouses to release grain and provided relief to the victims, regardless of the consequences of being punished, without permission from above. He also used his salary to replace part of the taxes of the poor.

However, in the dark and dangerous feudal society, it was difficult for an official like him to stand up. When he was 61 years old, his boss was dissatisfied with his request for relief for the hungry people again, and he was forced to resign due to illness. After bidding farewell to Wei County, When he was a commoner, facing the villagers who tried hard to stay and couldn't kneel down, Zheng Banqiao was full of grief and indignation. He drew a vigorous and thin bamboo with a brush and wrote the title "I tell you to return home and draw bamboo to bid farewell to the gentlemen and people of Wei County". Draw poetry. Who will read it to everyone?

Student Reading

Teacher: Who can explain this poem to everyone?

Sheng: Throw away the black gauze hat and stop being an official. My pocket is empty and my sleeves are filled with breeze. Draw a clear, thin bamboo and use it as a fishing pole on the river blown by the autumn wind.

Teacher: This is a farewell poem, but it is very special. How is it different from ordinary farewell poems?

Sheng: I didn’t write about my farewell feelings, but I wrote about my anger towards the feudal officialdom.

Teacher: Which word reflects his indignation against feudal officialdom? Why?

Sheng: Throw it away. The black gauze hat was a symbol of power in the past. For those corrupt officials, with it, they would have all the glory and wealth, just like their lifeblood. But Zheng Banqiao said throw it away. Throwing it away, just like throwing away a piece of rag, with disdain and no pity, shows that he has seen through the dark officialdom at that time, and it is not a pity to throw away the black gauze hat.

Teacher: How come Zheng Banqiao, an upright official, a good official, such a talented and knowledgeable university scholar, can't even be a small seventh-grade official and is forced to resign?

Sheng: It was caused by the dark society where corruption was common and officials protected each other. Being an official means "three years to clear the magistrate, one hundred thousand snowflakes of silver", but he is "a poor man with a poor pocket and a cold sleeve". Not only did he not try to curry favor with his superiors, but he also selflessly dedicated everything he had to the people, and even Over and over again, the food that has been looted from the official warehouses is poured out to help the people. How can those corrupt officials not be hated to the bone and how can they not be attacked and ostracized?

Teacher: He has been an official for more than ten years, but he can only serve as a small seventh-rank official in a poor county with serious disasters. In the end, he had to pack up his clothes and walk. Isn’t this the reason? He was "cold in his bag and his sleeves were cold". So do you think that after resigning, the poet will become a fishing hermit as he wrote?

Sheng: No, an upright official like him who only cares about the people will not really become a hermit.

Teacher: Then how do you think he will continue to care about and do things for the people?

Sheng: Using a paintbrush is just like Mr. Lu Xun who gave up medicine to pursue literature, using the pen as a weapon. He used his brush and poetry to praise beautiful things and lash out against ugly phenomena.

Teacher: Yes, from his poem "Bamboo and Stone" we can see his unshakable character and his character of standing proudly in the real society. Everyone looks at this painting. It depicts several bamboo poles standing upright in the wind and a stubborn stone. It is based on Zheng Banqiao's "Bamboo and Stone".

Student reading "Bamboo and Stone"

Teacher: What does "er" mean? (you). This poem is called "Bamboo and Stone". Is it a poem about bamboo or stone?

Student: Chanting Bamboo

Teacher: In what environment are the bamboos being chanted?

Bamboo: Bamboo in the broken rock, bamboo rooted in the broken rock, bamboo standing unshakable regardless of the east, west, north and south winds.

Teacher: Is the poet just chanting bamboo?

Sheng: Borrow bamboo to write about yourself.

Teacher: What characteristics does this type of poetry about objects reflect?

Student: Embodying emotions in objects, meaning beyond words

Teacher: What such poems about objects have we learned?

Students: chanting plum blossoms, chanting trumpets, and chanting limes

Teacher: In this poem "Bamboo and Stone", how does the poet embody emotions in things and express his meaning beyond words? What do green mountains symbolize? What does the broken rock symbolize? What does "Thousands of Tribulations" mean? What does east-west, north-south wind mean? The students studied and discussed with each other. What kind of attitude towards life does the poet express through this?

Student: The green mountain symbolizes the poet's own noble character, and the broken rock refers to the corrupt and dark social reality.

These two sentences mean that you must maintain a noble character, even in a corrupt and dark society. The hard-hitting fingers have endured all kinds of hardships, and the east-west, north-south wind fingers have been hit and pressured from all sides. These two sentences mean that no matter how many blows, pressures and hardships you endure, you will still be perseverant and not go along with the world.

Teacher: What spirit does the poet express?

Student: Unwavering, persistent

Teacher: What kind of poet do you see between the lines of these three poems?

Sheng: A man of pure character, noble character, honest, perseverant, and a public servant.

Teacher: Who else did you see through Zheng Banqiao? In film and television dramas, on the stage, in literary and artistic works?

Born: Yu Chenglong, Hai Rui, Bao Gong, Lin Zexu, Liu Luoguo

Teacher: What the poet expresses in his poems is not only his unswerving and persistent spirit, but More importantly, he taught us how to maintain our dignity and true nature in the face of adversity. Everyone knows Lin Zexu, the anti-smoking hero. After the Opium War, he was exiled to Xinjiang and sent to Ili. What kind of adversity was that? After the smoke filled the air, he was punished, exiled thousands of miles away, and left his hometown. It was extremely desolate. But he still behaved like a general. Under the supervision of others, he commanded the people and troops to cultivate the land. Under the stars and the moon, covered with dust and dust, he dug canals and diverted water all day long to bring down the snow water from the Tianshan Mountains to irrigate the land. At the most desolate time, in the most desolate place, under the most desolate circumstances, enduring the greatest humiliation, doing the most ordinary, laborious and faceless things, this is the style of Lin Zexu, and it is also the style of Zheng Banqiao, Yu Chenglong, Bao Qingtian, Hai Rui's style. As long as you hold on to your purpose, no matter what the environment is, you will be unswerving and persistent. (Write on the blackboard, stick to the green mountains and never relax) For us now, although the society has changed and the environment is different, the hardships in life are always present. Some people do not welcome it and always want to shut it out. . But some people say, "Suffering is also a fortune, we should be grateful for the suffering." What is the attitude of the students?

生: Just as Mencius said, "When heaven is about to assign a great responsibility to a man, he must first strain his mind, strain his muscles and bones, starve his body and skin, and deplete his body." In order to hone his will, Strengthen your abilities, and then you can shoulder heavy responsibilities and achieve something. Finally, we read these three poems together again to express our gratitude to this great artist for giving us precious life inspiration.

Written on the blackboard:

Appreciation of Zheng Banqiao’s bamboo poems

Bamboo

Every branch and leaf is related to love

The bag is rustling, and the sleeves are cold

Stand firm on the green hills and never relax

Throw away the black gauze, and you will not become an official.

The bag is rustling, and the sleeves are cold;

Write a thin bamboo,

Used as a fishing rod on the river in the autumn wind.

I was lying in the Yazhai, listening to Xiao Xiaozhu,

It was suspected to be the sound of suffering among the people;