It doesn't matter who discovered the Terracotta Warriors, the key is to fully protect and make use of the existing value of cultural relics.
There is no doubt that nine farmers, including Yang Xinman, were the first to discover the Terracotta Warriors. The reason why he claimed to be a comrade in the cultural center where the discoverer was at that time was because discovering people is discovering value, not just simple discovery. And after some media reports, he became the "first person to discover the Terracotta Warriors". In his eyes, he was the first to realize the value of those terracotta warriors and horses, and then identified and restored them, which was valued and recognized by the cultural relics department.
However, how to define "discovery" is not clearly defined in law, and museums have no basis for qualification in this respect. I don't think it matters who discovered the Terracotta Warriors. These farmers only found it by accident. At first, they didn't know what the world cultural heritage was, but now with more and more people visiting the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang, they began to engage in business activities closely related to their personal interests, such as signing books and asking the competent authorities to confirm the right of discovery. I feel as if there is a tendency of personal egoism. At first, they didn't make great efforts to find the Terracotta Warriors.
And the cultural center staff who compete with farmers for the right to discover are also out of self-interest.
The Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics stipulates that the state shall give appropriate moral encouragement and material rewards to units and individuals who find cultural relics and report or hand them in in in time to protect them. From this perspective, we should respect those who really contribute to the protection of cultural relics.
My general view is that it doesn't matter who discovered the Terracotta Warriors, the key is to fully protect and make use of the existing value of cultural relics. As for whether the Terracotta Warriors and Horses belong to Qin Shihuang, it needs academic people to study, but it must be pointed out that overthrowing either side is not an end, and whoever wins the other side in these words is not a big winner. It doesn't mean you are right, nor does it mean how profound your knowledge is. If the result of the argument is that the architect in Nanjing wins, our relevant workers must review their academic imprecision.
I have a proposal. I think it is most appropriate to call it "Terracotta Warriors and Horses near the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang". In this way, no one will doubt. And academia and museums will not "lose face".
Cultural relics are the most precious cultural heritage left by ancestors. One of the few national treasures, such as the Terracotta Warriors, is a witness to the development of the Chinese nation. It is like an invisible hand, greeting the past and asking future generations to remember history and not forget the past. This invisible hand also guides the future. He told us that we were from China. We have thousands of years of civilization, and our traditional culture can't be lost! ! !
As we all know, apart from history, art and science, the greatest practical value of cultural relics is to develop their tourism resources and create income for governments at all levels. But this is only the most superficial value of cultural relics, and the biggest premise of development and utilization is that cultural relics will not be destroyed.
What should we do and the responsibility of media public opinion
A few months ago, a Hong Kong media broke the surprising news that "the Terracotta Warriors and Horses will become coal pits in a hundred years". Later, I learned that it was another hype. At present, in order to attract attention, some media either exaggerate the facts and confuse the audience, or make rumors or flatter them at will. Personally, some people, such as some museum students, always criticize a museum for something wrong, an unreasonable name, an unscientific report and so on. Everyone admits that there are problems in some areas, but before criticizing, we should stand from the perspective of the parties, so that there will be less prejudice. Only by seeking truth from facts can our views be more objective.
Take "Terracotta Warriors will become coal pits in a hundred years" as an example. At first, we believed it and followed the princes. It seems that the museum has done nothing, waiting for us to scold. Zhao Kun, director of the storage department of the Terracotta Warriors Museum, told the reporter helplessly, "This is an old story, and it is extremely exaggerated." It turns out that as early as 1994, at the beginning of the excavation of the No.2 pit of the Terracotta Warriors Museum, several unearthed terracotta warriors and horses were indeed infected with mold. Because the air convection was not good at that time, the moisture could not be dispersed for a while, and the soil was prone to mold in summer, which was inevitable. At that time, experts took measures such as spraying fungicides and sprayed these terracotta warriors and horses every day, and soon the mold became extinct. Now the pit in the site has become relatively dry, and the mold has no conditions for growth and basically disappeared. Now there are no molds on the Terracotta Warriors.
Take the dispute over the right of discovery as an example. The reason why several farmers asked the competent authorities to confirm that they first discovered the Terracotta Warriors and Horses is not unrelated to the fact that our media once praised the comrades in the cultural center as "the first person to discover the Terracotta Warriors and Horses". Moreover, for those of us who are studying, who discovered it has little to do with us. As mentioned above, what we should do is to vigorously promote the protection of cultural relics in the whole society, rather than immediate economic interests, and protect these precious historical and cultural heritages!
News investigation: the dispute of "discovery right" of terracotta warriors and horses in Qin Shihuang's mausoleum
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65438+February 2003 16 09:04 Morning News
On the morning of February+65438 10, three Shaanxi farmers, including Yang Xinman, Yang and Yang at the foot of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum, represented nine discoverers, and submitted an Application Report on the Qualification of Discovers of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses to the Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum and the local cultural bureau, requesting the provincial cultural relics department to formally confirm their "right to discover" the terracotta warriors and horses.
They said that their request is actually very simple, that is, let the provincial cultural relics department issue a certificate of "Discoverer of Terracotta Warriors and Horses" and stamp their photos with steel seals to make them worthy of the name.
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Although there is a stove, it is still a little cold in the room at night. Yang Xinman sat by the fire, thoughtful. The fire reflected from the burning coal and shone on a gaunt and old face. Today, it is the fifth day after the three of them submitted the application report for the "discovery right" of Terracotta Warriors and Horses to the relevant departments.
"There are still three days, that is, 18, and our request for' discovery right' may have a result." The discoverer of the Terracotta Warriors told the Morning Post reporter: "If there is no confirmation, we will make a statement through law, otherwise, the other five discoverers who have died will not forgive us."
However, the Morning Post reporter learned from the Lintong County Cultural Bureau today that it is impossible for the government to confirm this requirement for them because the law does not clearly stipulate the "right of discovery".
Found that people started signing books.
65438+February 14 At 7: 00 am, 66-year-old Yang Xinman got up on time and was ready to go out.
From 1995, the farmer who dug up the miracle of silence for thousands of years said goodbye to the land and began to commute. He must arrive at a bookstore in Qin Shihuang Mausoleum at 8 o'clock to sign books for the owner.
At the same time, Yang and Yang Zhifa, another discoverer of the Terracotta Warriors, also signed their names, but they went to two shops in the Terracotta Warriors Museum.
Yang Xinman said that he studied for six years and was the most educated among the nine farmers who discovered the Terracotta Warriors.
However, the first person to find the Terracotta Warriors was Yang Zhifa. At that time, Yang Zhifa had a relative who specialized in selling books on Terracotta Warriors, but his books didn't sell well. Later, he found Yang Zhifa and said, "Sir, you are the discoverer of the Terracotta Warriors. You can sign my book and sell it. "
Unable to withstand the entanglement of relatives, Yang Zhifa agreed and got a month's salary for 300 yuan. At the same time, Yang Zhihong took a photo with Clinton as the discoverer of Terracotta Warriors and went abroad to Japan.
At 8 o'clock in the morning, Yang Xinman sat down at his desk. There is a sign on the desk that says-Yang Xinman, the discoverer of Terracotta Warriors and Horses. Yang Xinman said that he got a fixed salary, one month 1000 yuan, and there was no commission for selling books.
Because it is winter, there are not many tourists coming to Qin Shihuang's mausoleum. One morning, Yang Xinman didn't see any tourists asking for autographs.
It was not until around noon 12 that Yang Xinman signed the first book for a foreign tourist, which was the English version of Discovering the Mystery of Terracotta Warriors and Horses. The price was 130 yuan. On the title page of the book, Yang Xinman neatly wrote "Yang Xinman, the discoverer of Terracotta Warriors and Horses" with a special signature pen, and foreign tourists stood up to him.
He gave a thumbs-up and said in English, "You are fine." Yang Xinman proudly replied in English: "Thank you. Bye. "
On this day, Yang Xinman signed nine books.
Find out that people don't forget to fight for fame and fortune before they die
After work in the evening, the reporter accompanied Yang Xinman on his way home. He looked very heavy and asked the reporter, "Do you think the authoritative department can give us a name of' discovery right'?"
"I don't know, after all, there is no such precedent." The reporter replied. "To tell you the truth, since 1985, several of our discoverers have asked the authorities for verification. At that time, many discoverers of Terracotta Warriors were still alive. " Yang Xinman said: "Now, when the Terracotta Warriors Museum introduces the discovery of Terracotta Warriors, it only vaguely says, why didn't the farmers mention the names of nine of us when they dug wells at 1974? This is unfair. Without us, would there be this miracle that shocked the world? We also understand that cultural relics belong to the state, but this does not conflict with the right to discovery. "
Yang Xinman hopes that at least the provincial cultural relics department will issue them a certificate of "Terracotta Warriors and Horses Discovery" and put a steel seal on their photos. If possible, he also wants to engrave the names of their nine discoverers in front of the pit of Terracotta Warriors Museum 1.
"Otherwise, when we say that we are the discoverers of the Terracotta Warriors, we always feel insecure." Yang Xinman said that this is the fundamental starting point for them to recover the "discovery right".
Yang said that several people who found the Terracotta Warriors felt an incomprehensible sense of loss. Yang Wenxue, another discoverer who died just a few months ago, told him before his death: "Lao Yang, you must win a reputation for us. That is the reputation of our life! I can't let others gossip any more. "
The discoverer met Gui Li's signature.
Another reason why Yang Xinman insists on the right of discovery is that there are many "terracotta warriors and horses discoverers" around him.
Yang Xinman told reporters that around the Terracotta Warriors Museum, more than a dozen people signed books in the name of "the discoverer of Terracotta Warriors". "In fact, the nine discoverers of that year, except me, Yang, Yang Zhifa and Yang, the other five people, Yang Wenhai, Yang Wenxue, Yang, Yang Yizhou and Wang Puzhi, all died." Yang Xinman said with emotion: "Sometimes, Gui Li really became jy in Li Kui, but the real discoverer was not respected."
There is another thing that makes Yang Xinman feel incomprehensible. At that time, a comrade in the cultural center now claimed to be the discoverer. After some media reports, he became the "first discoverer of Terracotta Warriors". In his eyes, the nine farmers who dug wells in those years were not the real discoverers of Terracotta Warriors. His reason is that discovering people is discovering value, not just simple discovery. He was the first to realize the value of those terracotta warriors and horses, and then identified and restored them, which was valued and recognized by the cultural relics department.