A New Perspective of Text/Growth

Chalk writing belongs to hard pen calligraphy and has the characteristics of pen and brush calligraphy. If you want to write a good chalk word, you need to master five keys: selection, grasping, turning, transportation and practice.

Chalk calligraphy and pen-and-ink calligraphy are the same. It is composed of three basic and key factors: line (stroke), structure and composition, which must be carefully understood and thoroughly understood.

First, choose a word.

Choice is to choose qualified chalk with moderate hardness. Chalk, made of gypsum and other raw materials, is a cylinder with a thick end and a thin end, with a diameter of about 1 cm and a length of 15 cm. According to color, there are two kinds: white and color; According to the material, there are two kinds of dust and dust-free. Different types of chalk have different hardness and particle fineness.

Colored chalk, because of its soft texture after dyeing, should be written with moderate force, and the distance from the finger to the nib should not be too long, otherwise it will easily break and affect the writing speed; The white chalk covered with dust has moderate hardness and is easy to write. Because of different storage time or wet and dry places, chalk will become hard and soft, which will affect writing. Dust-free chalk has fine particles and moderate hardness, which is suitable for writing.

Chalk is hard, it is difficult to write strokes with different thicknesses and natural strokes, and it will be accompanied by squeaking, which is harsh and ugly, laborious and difficult to produce good results; Chalk is soft and easy to break, the strokes written are vain, the words lack bone strength and the colors are not bright, which will give people a vague feeling.

If the chalk is hard, it can be placed in a humid place for a period of time to make it moist and reused; If the chalk is too soft, it can be put in a dry and ventilated place to dry before use. Generally speaking, dust-free chalk should be chosen, just like soldiers fighting on the battlefield, weapons are easy to use, fighting capacity will be improved several times, and the result is beautiful.

At the same time, different blackboards also have a certain influence on chalk. Usually, the blackboard made of wood, iron and cement has a smooth surface after painting, and soft chalk should be used when writing; Frosted glass and rough blackboard are not smooth and reflective, suitable for writing all kinds of chalk characters.

Second, the word formula.

Holding it is writing. The holding posture of chalk is different from that of pen and brush. It is called "three-finger method", that is, thumb, forefinger and middle finger control the chalk tip at 1.5cm, thumb and middle finger hold the chalk, and forefinger leans against the chalk tip to control the running track of chalk writing.

When writing chalk characters, they are usually written standing on the blackboard. In order to keep natural and smooth, first, keep a proper distance between the body and the blackboard, raise the right arm, slightly bend the forearm of the right arm to about 120 degrees, and the writing height is suitable for head-up; Second, the pen should keep an angle of 30-45 degrees with the blackboard, and the three fingers of the pen should be moderately elastic to maintain maximum flexibility. When lifting a pen, you should be "empty in the palm", that is, when writing, your fingers should be solid, your palm should be empty, and your empty palm is egg-shaped. Remember, don't lean your wrist and elbow against the blackboard, which will limit the writing range and affect the writing quality.

At the same time, you should keep the correct writing posture, correct posture, stand firm, balance your shoulders, straighten your back, and naturally do left and right and up and down movements along the writing direction, or bend over, squat down and raise your head. Pay attention to the following points:

First, relax, don't be nervous and don't push too hard. Because writing chalk words is laborious, too nervous or too hard, the strokes will appear stiff and dry, and you will not be able to write many words, and your arms will be sore. To keep your body balanced, if your lower body is unstable, it will affect your writing, and the font will be natural and dignified.

Second, pay attention to the balance between your left hand and your right arm. Don't put your left hand behind your back or in your trouser pocket.

Third, pay attention to moving your feet at any time and keep your right arm always facing the writing position. If you don't move until you can't write, it will be difficult to ensure that you write at a level. At the same time, if the arm is too straight, the handwriting will be weak and it will be difficult to show the writing effect.

Third, turn words.

Turning means turning the pen. The chalk head is cylindrical. In the process of writing, the nib will flatten and appear angular because of the friction with the blackboard. At this time, in order to keep the consistency of the stroke thickness of the writing font and achieve the stroke shape characteristics of the font you want to write, you need to keep turning the tip of the chalk.

Turning pen is the basic skill of chalk writing, and it is also one of the skills that need to be mastered most. A simple understanding is that by constantly rotating the nib and coordinating the use of rotating pen, heavy pen, light pen and sliding pen, the friction between the nib and the blackboard can achieve the desired writing effect.

Chalk has no pen edge, and it is ground by the side of the pen touching the blackboard. So it is very important to turn the pen in the writing process. Only when the chalk is constantly turned over for writing, the periphery of the chalk head is constantly in contact and worn with the blackboard surface, and the edges and corners are smoothed and new edges and corners are generated, and then the lines can be kept smooth and the consistency of thickness changes can be maintained.

Of course, if you want to make the strokes thicker, you must use a heavy pen, that is, you should slow down and exert yourself when writing. However, heavy pen and light pen should be used together, and the pen should be natural, not heavy and light. Pens should be lighter and faster. Sometimes, if necessary, we should use sequential pens, that is, the pens should be lighter and heavier gradually.

Fourth, the luck of words.

Luck is running the writing track of chalk. The strokes of the font are a little, horizontal, vertical, left, pressed, folded, hooked, raised and so on. After rubbing the edges and sections of chalk, you can write strokes with different thicknesses and bring out strokes.

1. Master the essentials of writing skills. Pen running is to follow the writing rules of fonts and strokes, and control the running track, running rhythm and running strength of chalk.

First, the assembly is simple and clear. Fiona Fang should be clear, perfect and clean when starting the pen, and stop writing, fold the pen, fold the front, return the front, etc. And the intensity should be reasonably controlled.

Bao Chen Shi said: "At the beginning of using the pen, there is no peak for those who enter in the forward direction, and there is no ink increase for those who enter in the reverse direction."

Second, the speed is appropriate and the relaxation is moderate. The strength of the pen should be moderate, the pen should be steady and powerful, the pen should be natural and smooth, and the pen should be decisive and crisp.

Third, we should straighten things out in Fiona Fang, combining rigidity with softness. Reasonable use of the plane, side and edges of the pen, according to Fiona Fang's horizontal, vertical and straight strokes, make the thickness, length and proportion of strokes appropriate.

Fourth, the echo is coherent, harmonious and wonderful. In the process of conversion between strokes, attention should be paid to maintaining the transformation and coherence of strength, placement and Lian Bi, so as to achieve orderly, harmonious and beautiful response.

2. Learn and make good use of the front. Use chalk to write strokes such as point, stroke, stroke, stroke, stroke, stroke, stroke, stroke, stroke, stroke, stroke, stroke, stroke, stroke, stroke, stroke and stroke.

First, when you put pen to paper, you should take a slightly sharp corner according to the characteristics of stroke writing, and then write on the plane or side and return to the front. Such as writing "Wang" three horizontal, "Ran" four points and so on.

Second, when collecting and starting a pen, you should be prepared to start writing in advance. When the chalk moves to the right place, use the plane or side to collect and lift the pen. For example, write "medium", "big" vertically and so on.

He is good at writing and using edges and corners to return to the positive. He can write imitation Song, regular script, official script, seal script and other fonts with chalk, and can also write advertisements and artistic characters.

Samadhi Calligraphy: "When you write a word, you must be calm. Although there are three strokes between each painting, this is a dharma book. "

The font of chalk characters belongs to square characters, and the font itself pays attention to horizontal, flat and vertical, with the same size. A word should also be arranged horizontally and vertically, with the same font. Teachers usually write on the blackboard in the classroom, the size of which is not less than 10 cm, so that students in the back row can see it.

3. Master stroke writing skills. There are three ways to start a pen: cutting in, advancing backwards and advancing forwards. Want to be horizontal first, want to be vertical first. There are five elements when lifting a pen: belt, lifting, pressing, turning and folding. It should be smooth and natural, and the force should be even. There are two ways to collect a pen: raising and collecting. You should write the rhythm and keep the rhythm. At the same time, some skills need to be followed in the following writing methods:

One is the key point, you should start writing in vain, press it gradually, and finally close the pen and go back to the front.

Second, in the horizontal direction, you should start by pressing the pen, tend to hide the pen, then write to the right with the side or plane, and then press the back edge to close the pen after the end.

Third, vertically, you should press the pen to start the pen, which tends to hide the pen. After that, write down with a flat surface, the pen at the end of the hanging needle returns to the front vertically, and the pen at the end of the hanging needle returns to the front vertically.

The fourth type is pen skimming, that is, you should press the pen from the beginning, tend to hide the pen, then skim it to the left with the side or plane, and then pick up the pen and draw a little.

The fifth is the pressing type, that is, the pen is started by pressing the pen, which tends to hide the pen. After that, the pen should be written flat to the lower right, zigzag, and finally pick up the pen.

Sixth, pick, should start with the pen, there is a tendency to hide the pen, and then use the side or plane to pick the pen to the upper right.

Seventh, folding, you should press the pen from the pen first, so it is easy to hide the pen. Then write the pen on the side or plane to the fold, then press the pen to write, and finally return to the front to collect the pen.

Eight is a hook, which should be folded like a horizontal hook, so as to start the pen according to the pen, and pick up the pen obliquely after folding; The vertical hook is vertical, so you can start the pen according to the pen, return the pen after the vertical painting, and then pick up the pen to the left. Arc hook, virtual pen, has the potential to hide the pen, back bending, and turn the pen to the hook to return the pen, take advantage of the trend to raise the pen out of the front.

In the process of writing, you don't need to explain every stroke clearly. Secondary strokes can be hidden or omitted. Because of its fast writing speed, the hidden pen is not obvious when it starts and closes, so the meaning is enough, but the strokes must be in place.

Fifth, practice words.

Practice is to choose the font that suits you, copy it carefully, understand the requirements of stroke writing, and master the structure and layout of the font frame.

Beginners should write in the painted Tian Zi grid, and choose regular script and official script to practice, which is not suitable for practicing seal script, running script and cursive script, because the writing skills of regular script and official script are easy to master and will be faster to learn. When practicing calligraphy, in order to lay a solid foundation and improve your ability quickly, you should master five points:

First of all, we should master the posture of holding the pen, be familiar with the characteristics of chalk, and understand the strokes and the direction of strokes of the font.

Second, according to the content of the copybook, practice strokes first, and then practice radical combination to understand the main points of writing. Write comprehensively and repeatedly, draw inferences from others, and practice for use.

The third is to practice the whole word and master the frame structure of a single font, the length of strokes, the distance and echo between strokes. When practicing, write for a while, take a step back, observe and compare, analyze and study, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and constantly improve.

"The key to mastering the running script with a pen and manipulating it well lies in the skills of frustration and pressing. The running pen can't be straight, but it pours down. Running script is everywhere, every point of painting has three turns, one wave and one stroke, three folds and one pull, and the pens are all rotating. " (Xiangde Min)

The fourth is to practice phrases to understand and understand the layout characteristics between words. There are ups and downs, not twins. If you want to connect the pen with nature, don't gild the lily. Although the pen is broken, it does not lose its true color.

The fifth is to practice a poem and master the spatial layout of a word. Chalk words, pay attention to horizontal rows and vertical columns to avoid sudden ups and downs of earthworm mixed sand.

Ou Yangxun's "teaching tactics": every stroke should be correct, the intensity should be important and light, and the mind should be quiet. When judging the word situation, stop on all sides and prepare on all sides; Long and short fit, compromise thickness; The mind is accurate and the density is accurate. The least busy is the loss; Time can't be delayed, and if it is slow, it will be silly; Not thin, thin when dry, not fat, fat is turbid. The most important thing is to walk slowly and prepare yourself naturally.

Non-beginners, if they have the basic writing skills of pens and brushes, only need to master the skills of writing, turning pens and lifting pens, and choose fonts to practice according to their hobbies.

Six, the three elements of calligraphy.

Write correctly, clearly, smoothly and beautifully with chalk. In addition to mastering the five-character formula, we must have a comprehensive understanding and cognition of the lines (strokes), structure and composition of the three elements of calligraphy, and thoroughly understand the essence.

1. Lines (strokes) are the traces left by each stroke on the blackboard. People with different levels of the same stroke write different faces and images.

When writing, you should learn and be good at writing with finger force and wrist force, keep the writing speed stable and use appropriate force. The writing speed and strength determine the size and thickness of dots and paintings. In the process of writing, turn the chalk in time to keep the pen arc, so that the lines are uniform and the strokes with the same thickness are consistent.

2. Structure refers to the correct and ingenious organization of strokes, so that all strokes of each Chinese character are arranged reasonably according to rules and meet aesthetic requirements. To achieve the structural beauty of chalk characters, it is necessary to achieve a square shape, reasonable proportion, tight top and loose bottom, tight inside and loose outside, left and right, interspersed and echoed, and stable center of gravity.

First, the overall appearance should be square, and individual strokes should not deviate too much; Second, the proportion between the strokes of a single word and the structure of a combined word should be reasonable, and the length, width and size should be appropriate; Third, it is important but not crowded, loose but not empty, moderately elastic and elegant; Fourth, it is necessary to be tight inside and loose outside, and the strokes are gathered to the center and distributed from the inside out like flowers, giving people the feeling of being tight inside and stretching out; Fifth, we should accept the left and release the right, create changes and form certain differentiation; Sixth, strokes should be interspersed and echoed, and the position, length and thickness of strokes should be used reasonably; Seventh, the center of gravity should be stable, and efforts should be made to change the stable character. Don't shift the center of gravity, top-heavy, the contrast is too big.

3. Composition refers to the method of text layout, even if a calligraphy work achieves the overall aesthetic feeling. It pays attention to the coordination, echo, coherence, density and reflection between words and lines, and forms a harmonious and beautiful work of art by using the methods of black and white distribution, font size, word spacing and odd words under reasonable and ingenious layout.

Conclusion.

The core of writing a good chalk word is to master the skills of turning and lifting the pen, and to learn and be good at using the brush stroke, which is similar to the use of the brush stroke, and is also an important basis for writing beautiful and consistent words.

Calligraphy is an aesthetic education activity, which can not only improve people's writing ability, but also enhance people's understanding and observation ability, which is more conducive to enhancing people's imagination and aesthetic ability.