Legalist monks in Tang Dynasty. The common surname is Chunyu, a native of Jiangyang County, Yangzhou (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu). In his later years, invited by a Japanese monk, he traveled eastward to preach Dharma, ventured into trouble, became blind, and finally arrived in Nara. He has made great historical achievements in spreading Buddhism and flourishing Tang culture.
Monks and doctors in the Tang Dynasty. The common name is Chunyu, and he is from Guangling Jiangyang (now Jiangdu, Jiangsu). When I was fourteen, I worked as a novice monk in Dayun Temple, where I studied Buddhism with a monk. Later, I went to Chang 'an to be disciplined by Master Hongjing for three years, and then returned to Yangzhou, where I was well informed. Japanese monks Rong Rui and Pu Zhao came to China to study Buddhism and urged Jian Zhen to preach in Japan. Jian Zhen readily agreed, and overcame various difficulties and succeeded six times. In the 12th year of Tianbao (753), he arrived in Japan with Buddhist scriptures, tools and images. At this time, Jian Zhen was blind, but he still tried to popularize Buddhism, spread China culture and impart medical knowledge with his rich experience, especially the spices and medicines he brought. So far, Zhao Ti Temple in Nara and Zhengcang Hospital in Todasi Temple still have their remains. Try to cure the Queen of Light and Emperor Shengwu. Japan once awarded the titles of "Big Monk Capital" and "Big Monk", and the Japanese people praised him as "Master Crossing the Sea". His works include blade master's Secret Recipe, but it has not been circulated.
/kloc-was accepted as a novice monk by Zhiman at the age of 0/4 and lived in Dayun Temple. In the first year of Shenlong (705), Lawyer Yi was consecrated by Bodhisattva. In the first year of Jinglong (707), he traveled to Luoyang and then to Chang 'an. The following year, in the actual temple of Chang 'an, lawyer Yi Hengjing received a foot ring. Tour two Beijing, learn Sanzang. For the collection of laws, I have achieved a lot. Tao An and Heng Jing, who were ordained for him, are both temporary virtues of the law and re-disciples of the founder of Nanshan School. Although he studied under the Nanshan School, he has no opinion at all. In the Tang Dynasty, in addition to the dominant Nanshan School, there were Xiangbu School in Guang Ri Temple in Xiangzhou and Huai Su East Tower School in West Taiyuan Temple, and the three schools were divided at one time. Since then, the latter two cases have been included in the legal classics brought by Jian Zhen's eastward crossing to Japan. In the teaching process, three books, Si Lu Fen Shu by Mana, Shi Zong Yi Ji by Ding Bin and Making Money by Dao Xuan, are the main ones, and two books by Mana and Ding Bin are emphatically introduced.
He also made great achievements in Buddhist architecture and sculpture. According to "Journey to the West by the Tang River", Jian Zhen returned to Huainan to give a lecture. Every time between lectures, temples are built and countless statues of Buddha and Bodhisattva are made. In medicine, Boda is versatile and has excellent taste. He once presided over the Sada Hospital of Dayun Temple, treated patients and saved lives, personally prepared medicines for patients, and his medical skills were very high.
In the first year of Tianbao (742), Japanese monks Rong Rui and Zhao Pu were entrusted by the Japanese Buddhist community and government to give lectures in Japan, and Jian Zhen readily agreed. From that year to the seventh year of Tianbao, they led many people to the east five times, but they all failed because of unfavorable weather and personnel. Especially for the fifth time, it was attacked by bad winds and wild waves, and drifted at sea for 14 days, and finally drifted to Zhou Zhen (now Ya 'an County) in Hainan Island. On the way back to Duanzhou, Japanese disciple Rong Rui died and Jian Zhen mourned. Coupled with the hot weather, he suddenly suffered from eye diseases, leading to blindness. However, his ambition to spread Buddhism eastward became stronger and stronger and never wavered. For the sixth time in the twelfth year of Tianbao, he finally arrived in Kyushu, Japan, and in February of the following year, he arrived in Hirai Well (now Nara).
Jian Zhen was warmly welcomed by the Japanese ruling and opposition parties. Announce the award of the Bodhisattva Ring to Japanese emperors, empresses, princes and others; Awarded or awarded to more than 440 people such as Shami; Give new commandments to the old commandments of 80 monasteries. Only in Japan can there be formal legal succession. Jian Zhen is regarded as the ancestor of Japanese legalists. He and his disciples adopted the most advanced technology in the Tang Dynasty in architecture, statues and murals, which added luster to the formation of artistic climax in the Japanese Tian Ping era. For example, the Zhao Ti buildings in the Tang Dynasty were masterpieces left by Jian Zhen and his disciples. The whole structure and decoration reflect the characteristics of the Tang Dynasty architecture, which is the largest and most beautiful building in the Japanese Tian Ping era. Before Jian Zhen's death, disciples used the latest dry painting clip technology to paint his portrait. Japan is regarded as a national treasure. 1980 In February, in order to enhance the friendship between the two peoples for generations, the Japanese-Chinese friendship group sent the seated statues back to Beijing and Yangzhou for the Japanese people and Buddhists to pay their respects. Jian Zhen and his disciples are mostly good at calligraphy. They went to Japan with the original works of Wang Xizhi and his son, which influenced them. Until now, the Japanese people still love China's calligraphy art, and most of the Japanese Buddhist scriptures were introduced from North Korea at that time, so mistakes are inevitable. According to the Japanese History, the Emperor once entrusted Jian Zhen to correct the classic mistakes. Jian Zhen's most outstanding contribution to the Japanese people is the teaching of medical knowledge, and he is honored as the ancestor of medicine by the Japanese people. Japan's tofu industry, catering industry, brewing industry, etc. I also believe that their industry skills are all awarded by Jian Zhen.
Birth and discipline
Jian Zhen was born in Yangzhou in 688, whose real name was Chunyu. In 702, Jian Zhen entered the Dayun Temple in Yangzhou as Misha, was consecrated by a bodhisattva in 706, and entered Chang 'an with a Taoist Zen master in 709, where he was fully ordained. During his stay in Chang 'an, Jian Zhen was diligent and eager for knowledge, reading extensively and visiting eminent monks. In addition to Buddhist scriptures, he also has certain attainments in architecture, painting, especially medicine. In July15, he returned to practice in daming temple, Yangzhou. In 733, he became the local Buddhist leader and abbot of daming temple. More than forty thousand people were preached by him. At that time, people praised it as "between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River, being immune to it"
Japanese guru
After Jian Zhen arrived in Japan, he was given a grand courtesy by Kejsarinnan Koken and Emperor Wu. On February 1 day, 754, Fujiwara Nakama, a senior official, personally met him in Hanoi. On February 4th, Jian Zhen and his party arrived in Nara, where they had an argument with another local China monk, Little Monk Capital, who was in charge of Japanese Buddhist affairs and was named "Deng Chuan Exorcist".
According to the wishes of Wu Sheng and Xiao Gan, Jian Zhen, as a high-ranking legalist, should take the responsibility of regulating Japanese monks and put an end to the phenomenon of holding Buddha, which was prevalent in Japanese society at that time, so as to avoid the phenomenon of labor tax. Therefore, Xiao Gan issued a decree: "From now on, teach and quit becoming a monk." However, this has aroused the opposition of Japan's own "vow to quit" faction, especially the strong opposition of Jing Xian and others in Xinghua Temple. Therefore, Jian Zhen decided to hold an open debate in Xiaofu Temple. During the debate, Jian Zhen made a concession and admitted that the "self-sworn precept" could still exist, but as a formal discipline officially recognized, there must be three teachers and seven certificates. As a result, Xian Jing and others were moved and abandoned the old example. Jian Zhen then set up an altar in Dongda Temple to consecrate about 500 people, including Wu Sheng, the Queen of Light, members of the royal family and Xiao Gan's monks. In 756, Jian Zhen was named as the "Big Monk Capital", commanding all the monks and nuns in Japan, and established a formal discipline system in Japan.
However, in 758, as the main supporter of Jian Zhen, Kejsarinnan Koken lost power in the court struggle and was forced to abdicate to Emperor Chunren. As a result, Jian Zhen also suffered from exclusion. In 758, under the name of "political irritability", Emperor Chunren demoted Jian Zhen to "the capital of big monks" and gave Jian Zhen the official residence of the former Crown Prince Daozu who was defeated in the court struggle. The following year, Jian Zhen's disciples built a temple in the official residence, which Chunren named "Tang Temple", and Jian Zhen moved here from Dongda Temple. Chunren also issued a decree that Japanese monks must study in Tang Zhao Ti Temple before being ordained, making Tang Zhao Ti Temple the highest institution of learning for Japanese Buddhists at that time. On May 6th, 763, Jian Zhen died in Zhao Ti Temple in the Tang Dynasty. Before his death, his disciple was Jian Zhen Mu Ying, who had a lacquer statue handed down from generation to generation.
In 764, Kejsarinnan Koken suppressed Hui Mei's rebellion and ascended the throne. Stowe and Fajin, disciples of Jian Zhen, became the "Big Monk Capital" one after another, and Tang Zhaoti Temple was expanded and became a national treasure in Japanese architectural history. The altar under the temptation created by Jian Zhen also became the only place where Japanese Buddhist monks were formally ordained before the establishment of Tiantai Sect in Japan. Jian Zhen is also regarded as the ancestor of Japanese legalists.