1. Content and analysis
Study "The Biography of Su Wu" and learn how this article uses concise and neat language and vivid details to highlight the theme and create characters.
2. Goals and analysis
(1) Goal positioning
A. Knowledge education goals
1. Guide students to fully understand The article has concise and neat language and vivid and nuanced details.
2. Understand the basic knowledge of classical Chinese such as the linguistic phenomena of using parts of speech in the text and the accurate use of polysemy.
B. Ability training objectives
1. Guide students to learn how this article uses concise and neat language and vivid details to highlight the theme and create characters.
2. Through comparative reading with "Historical Records? Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" and combined with extracurricular materials, we can appreciate the achievements of "Hanshu" in inheriting "Historical Records" in art.
C. Moral education penetration goals
Highlight the patriotic theme and guide students to explore how to inherit Su Wu’s great national spirit in the new era.
(2) Objective Analysis
Guide students to learn how this article uses concise and neat language and vivid details to highlight the theme and shape the characters. Through the comparison with "Historical Records? Lian Polin" Comparative reading of "Biographies", combined with extracurricular materials, and understanding of the achievements of "Hanshu" in inheriting "Historical Records" in art are the focus and difficulty of this course.
3. Problem Diagnosis and Analysis
Basic knowledge of classical Chinese such as the linguistic phenomenon of inflection of parts of speech in the text and the accurate use of polysemy are difficult points for students to learn. To solve this problem, you must explain each item clearly and then summarize it in a list. Must do
1. Preview before class
(1) Read the text thoroughly.
(2) Use a dictionary to translate the text correctly.
(3) Summarize the meaning of the text and write down the difficulties in learning.
2. Use thematic discussion method in class.
4. Analysis of teaching support conditions
5. Teaching process design
The first lesson
1. Clear goals
Understand the basic knowledge of classical Chinese such as the linguistic phenomenon of the conjugation of parts of speech in the text, and the accurate use of polysemy.
2. Overall perception
1. About the author
Ban Gu (32-92), courtesy name Meng Jian, was born in Anling, Fufeng (now Xianyang, Shaanxi Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty , a famous historian in ancient my country.
Ban Gu was smart and studious in his childhood. He could write articles and recite poems at the age of 9. At the age of 16, he entered Luoyang Imperial College and was well-read. He had a modest temperament and was deeply respected by Confucian scholars at that time. His father Ban Biao once wrote "Historical Records". After his death, Ban Gu inherited his father's ambition and wrote "Hanshu" based on "Historical Records" because the "Historical Records" was not completed and the narrative was not detailed enough. Because someone made a false accusation at that time, Ban Gu was arrested and imprisoned on the charge of privately altering national history. Fortunately, his younger brother Ban Chao wrote a letter to explain. Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty read Ban Gu's manuscript and greatly appreciated it. He was appointed as the Lantai Lingshi, and later moved to the school secretary. Taking advantage of the court's good book collection conditions and working environment, Ban Gu spent more than 20 years thinking carefully and finally completed the writing of "Han Shu".
2. About "Han Shu"
"Han Shu" is my country's first biographical chronological history, which narrates the period from the first year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty to the fourth year of Emperor Wang Mang***290 years of history. The style of "Hanshu" is completely inherited from "Historical Records", except that "Book" is changed to "Zhi", and "Family" is canceled and merged into "Biography". The whole book has twelve chronicles, eight tables, ten chronicles, and seventy biographies. ** *One hundred articles, more than 800,000 words. Among them, the "Astronomical Chronicle" among the Eight Tables and Ten Chronicles was continued by Ban Gu's sister Ban Zhao and brother-in-law Ma Xu after his death. As an independent chronological history book, "Hanshu" not only occupies an important position in Chinese historical works, but also has an important influence in the history of literature. In the old days, "Banma" and "Banma" were discussed together, and "History and Han" were mentioned together, which is naturally not unreasonable.
3. The process of learning key and difficult points and completing the goals
(1) Preview the text
1. Use a dictionary to read through and translate the text.
2. Mark the structural levels of the text and summarize the meaning of the text.
(2) Implement relevant knowledge of classical Chinese language
Give phonetic notation to the highlighted words.
1. Moved to Zhizhong Stable Prison ( );
2. Counted ( ) the general envoys to have a look ( );
3. The Emperor of the Han Dynasty , my father-in-law went ( );
4. When he arrived at the Xiongnu, he left the coin with the Shanyu ( );
5. Afterwards, the Hou Yehou disappeared ( ) Hu Zhong; < /p>
6. Insidious plots and plots robbed Shan Yu’s mother, the Yan family ( ), of returning to the Han Dynasty;
7. Set up a simmering ( ) fire and cover it with force;
8. With tens of thousands of people and horses and livestock ( ) in the mountains;
9. He moved to Wubei Sea to an uninhabited place and made herdsmen ( );
Explain the highlighted words, Explain the entire word under the line.
1. After a while ( ), he moved to Zhizhong Stable Prison;
2. When the Xiongnu envoys came, the Han Dynasty also kept them as countermeasures ( );
3. The emperor of the Han Dynasty, my father-in-law ( ) did it;
4. Emperor Wu Jia ( ) his righteousness;
5. He sent the military envoy Zhonglang to make Chi Jie ( ) to the Xiongnu envoys Those who stayed in the Han Dynasty;
6. Due to generous bribes ( ) Shanyu, in response to his good intentions;
7. Wu and his deputy lieutenant general Zhang Sheng and fake official ( ) Chang Hui There are more than a hundred people recruiting soldiers and scouts ( );
8. When they arrive at the Xiongnu, they put coins ( ) and leave them with Chan;
9. Fang ( ) wants to send envoys and send troops. ;
10. Hui ( ) King Feng and Changshui Yu Chang and others rebelled against the Huns;
11. And those who surrendered ( ) from Wei Lvsuo;
12. The Yin ( ) prime minister conspired with ( ) to rob Shan Yu’s mother and family of Yan to return to the Han Dynasty;
13. Hui ( ) Wu and others went to the Xiongnu;
14. Su and Fu Zhang Sheng knew each other and waited for ( ) Sheng in private;
15. He often served as a crossbow for the Han Dynasty ( ) to shoot him;
16. My mother and younger brother were in the Han Dynasty, and they were lucky enough to survive. ( ) his reward;
17. The Chanyu went hunting, and only ( ) the descendants of the Yan family were there;
18. Yu Chang and more than seventy people wanted to attack ( );
19. Shan Yu sent Wei Lvzhi ( ) to do this;
20. Zhang Sheng heard about it and was afraid of what he had said before ( );
21. This is what happened, so it must be and ( ) me;
22. Yu Changguo cited ( ) Zhang Sheng;
23. cited ( ) the sword to stab himself;
24. Chizhao The doctor dug a ridge in the ground ( );
25. He sent people day and night to ask about Wu, and he accepted Zhang Sheng ( );
26. Wu Yi ( ) recovered, and Chanyu Envoy Xiaowu;
27. Meeting to discuss ( ) Yu Chang, hoping to surrender Wu at this time;
28. Having killed Yu Chang with the sword ( ), Lu said;
29. If the deputy is guilty, he should sit down ( );
30. Raise the sword again to imitate ( ), but the force will not move;
31. Su Jun, before the law Negated ( ) the Han and returned to the Huns;
32. Fortunately ( ) was greatly favored and was given the title of king;
33. The Lord betrayed his relatives and surrendered to the barbarians for ( ); < /p>
34. King Wan killed the Han envoy at Beique of Touxian County ( );
35. Lu knew that Wu Zhi could not be threatened ( ), Bai ( ) Chanyu;
< p> 36. Naiyou ( ) Wu, put it in the big cellar;37. Wu lay down and chewed ( ) the snow, swallowing it together with the hair;
38. Fanru ( ) and then return;
39. After Wu reached the sea, he could not find food ( );
40. Wu sent the Xiongnu to surrender next year ( );
< p> 41. Therefore, let the mausoleum come to you, and be humble and willing to treat you ( );42. The former Changjun ( ) is serving the chariot;
43. Help the chariot ( ) get off Except ( ), touch the pillar and break the shaft;
44. Impeachment ( ) is extremely disrespectful and commits suicide with his sword ( );
45. Ruqing comes from the temple ( ) Hedong Houtu ( ) ;
46. There are only two female brothers ( ), two girls and one boy;
47. Moreover, His Majesty is of high age ( ), and the decree is always passed;
48. The minister committed a crime and destroyed ( ) dozens of families;
49. I always wish that my liver and brain would be stained ( );
50. The son died for his father, and he hated him ( );
51. Zifen ( ) has been dead for a long time!
52. Seeing his sincerity, the mausoleum sighed ( );
53 .The Xiongnu lied that ( ) died by force;
54. The envoy was overjoyed and offered ( ) a favor to the ( ) Chanyu;
55. The Chanyu looked around and was frightened, and thanked him ( ) The Han envoy said;
56. The previous one refers to things ( );
57. Living up to the name ( ) actually does not help ( ).
Point out the meaning and usage of the dotted function words in the following sentences.
1. The younger brother was appointed as a Lang by his father;
2. The one who sent troops to serve as a Lang will send the Xiongnu envoys to stay in the Han;
3. Because ( ) bribed the Shanyu generously and responded to his good intentions;
4. Fearing that the previous words would be spoken, he used ( ) as an adverbial to force;
5. That is, ( ) seeks Shanyu, why add another one?
6. Although ( ) is born, how can he return to the Han Dynasty after humiliating his integrity and humiliating his life?
7. Meeting to discuss Yu Chang, what is the reason? ( ) surrendered to Wu at this time;
8. Because ( ) I surrendered, you and ( ) became brothers;
9. Although ( ) wants to see me again later, it’s okay Do you think so?
10. North Korea will kill the Han envoys at ( ) time;
11. If ( ) knows that I will not surrender;
12 .The milk was returned to ( );
13. The Chanyu sent the mausoleum to the sea, and prepared wine and entertainment for ( )'s troops;
14. Because ( ) cried and soaked in jin, Go with Wu Jue;
15. Beginning with ( ) strong, and by the time he returns, his beard and hair will be all white.
Point out the use of parts of speech in the following sentences.
1. If you want to commit suicide, Sheng Hui will stop it ( );
2. It is appropriate for everyone to surrender ( );
3. Humiliate your integrity and humiliate your life, Although he was born, how could he return to the Han Dynasty! ( )
4. Set up a simmering fire and cover it with force ( );
5. Hui et al cried, and his family returned to the camp ( );
6. The Chanyu strengthened his integrity and sent people to wait for Wu day and night ( );
7. Wu became better and better, and the Chanyu sent his envoy Xiaowu ( );
8. Meeting to discuss Yu Chang, hoping to surrender the military force at this time ( );
9. Use your body to anoint the grass field ( );
10. Desire to fight against the two masters, watch the disaster Defeated ( );
11. Nai moved to a deserted place on the North Sea of ??Wu ( );
12. Shepherding sheep on the Zanghan Festival, lying down to do business ( );
13. Shanyu Wenling and Ziqing Suhou ( );
14. Pushed the prince-in-law into the river and drowned ( );
15. Feeling sorry for himself and betraying the Han Dynasty, he was protected by his mother-in-law Palace ( );
16. A minister serves the king, just as a son serves his father ( );
17. The king will definitely want to surrender, so please finish the fun today ( ).
Indicate the sentence structure features of the following sentences.
1. He sent the military commander Zhonglang to send the Xiongnu envoys to stay in the Han Dynasty ( );
2. King Feng and others died, and Yu Changsheng was born ( );
3. Those who want to surrender will be forgiven ( );
4. What do you think of Xinyi’an? ( )
5. Ziqing doesn’t want to Why did you pass the mausoleum when you surrendered? ( )
6. Who cares about Ziqing's return? ( )
7. The merits of Wu's father and son's death were all accomplished by your majesty ( ).
Find out the pseudo-characters in the following sentences and write their original characters.
1. The woman is a subject and does not care about kindness ( );
2. The host betrays her relatives and surrenders to the barbarians ( );
3. King Wan killed the Han envoy at Beique of Touxian County ( );
4. Wu lay down and chewed the snow, swallowing it together with the hair of the wolf ( );
5. Digging wild mice to remove the grass. And eat it ( );
6. The empty place where one suffers and dies ( );
7. When the mausoleum begins to descend, it suddenly becomes crazy ( );
8. Your Majesty is still young, and your decrees are often dead ( );
9. Weeping and crying, he decided to leave with Wu ( );
10. He had to meet the Han envoy at night , with a self-reported statement ( );
11. The military attache of Shan Yu congregated, so he surrendered to others ( ).
Assign homework
Complete "Search and Exercise" II.
The second lesson
1. Clear goals
1. Guide students to fully appreciate the concise and neat language and vivid and nuanced details of the article.
2. Guide students to learn how this article uses concise and neat language and vivid details to highlight the theme and create characters.
3. Through comparative reading with "Historical Records? Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" and combined with extracurricular materials, we can appreciate the achievements of "Hanshu" in inheriting "Historical Records" in art.
2. Overall Perception
"The Biography of Su Wu" is one of the most outstanding masterpieces in the "Book of Han". It describes Su Wu's mission to the Xiongnu and his persistence in the face of threats and inducements. His deeds of enduring hardships without sacrificing his mission vividly portray the glorious image of a patriot who cannot be slutty with wealth and cannot surrender with force.
The author adopts the vertical structure often used in writing biographies to organize the article, focusing on sequential narration, appropriately using the method of narrative, and narrating according to the order of time. The context is clear and the story is complete.
In order to express Su Wu’s character, integrity and unswerving patriotism, the article focuses on describing the environment and details when recording the trip. For example, Su Wu stabbed himself in a section and was placed on the warm fire of the ground. His back was bleeding and his breath was revived, which is full of tragic colors. The reaction of the people around him was that Wei Lu was frightened, he held arms, Hui and others cried, and everyone returned to the camp, Shan Yu strengthened his integrity. This detailed description of shock, cry, and strength fully highlights Su Wu's ironclad character and noble sentiments. The language of the article is refined, frugal and pure, depicting the characters to the core, and perfectly combining the historian's writing style with literary language.
3. Key and difficult points of learning and goal completion process
1. Clarify the basic ideas of the text.
Make it clear that the article is roughly divided into three parts.
The first part, the first and second paragraphs of the article, introduces Su Wu’s life experience, the background and reasons for his mission. The article begins with: When the Han Dynasty attacked the Hu, several envoys took a look at it. The Xiongnu envoys who stayed in the Han Dynasty were Guo Ji, Lu Chongguo and others for more than ten generations. When the Xiongnu envoys came, the Han also kept them in line. The background of Su Wu's mission to the Xiongnu shows the harsh historical environment when Su Wu was sent as an ambassador. At the same time, it also explains that although the Xiongnu returned to the Han as envoys such as Lu Chongguo and others, it was only because the Hou Shanyu was established at the beginning and feared the Han attack. The previous delaying strategy was not a sincere reconciliation. Therefore, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Su Wu to escort the Huns envoys who had been detained in the Han Dynasty back to the court, and bribed the Shanyu generously, the Shanyu became arrogant. This was also the reason why the Shanyu later blatantly detained Su Wu and his party.
The second part, namely paragraphs 3 to 7 of the article, focuses on the story of Su Wuliuhu’s 19 years of hardship and persistence in national integrity. This part is also the part where the article focuses on description. It describes Su Wu's various struggles against the Huns rulers to surrender with wonderful pen and ink. It is specifically described that there were three attempts by the Xiongnu to recruit and surrender: the first time Wei Lu tried to force Su Wu to surrender using both soft and hard tactics, but was repelled by Su Wu's righteous and angry rebuke. The conflict between the two sides was fierce and the scene was tense. Then it is written that the Huns tried to use difficult living conditions to kill Su Wu's fighting spirit, imprisoning him in a cellar, making him suffer from hunger and cold, and then exiled Su Wu to the desolate North Sea to let him herd sheep. However, in the extremely harsh environment, Su Wu's indelible patriotism once again shattered the Xiongnu's sinister intentions. He holds the Han Festival, the symbol of the country and the nation, and maintains his mission as an envoy during his narrow escape. At this time, the struggle is relatively relaxed, and it directly reflects Su Wu's struggle with the natural environment. The third time was his old friend Li Ling who persuaded him to surrender. This description not only shows Su Wu's valuable integrity, but also depicts the complex mentality of the rebel general Li Ling. His undying patriotism and shame were awakened in front of Su Wu's lofty realm, and his inner confession was truly touching. When Li Ling was persuading Su Wu, he once said: "Your Majesty is of great age, the laws are in place, and the ministers are guilty of killing dozens of families." This is the author using Li Ling's words to express his dissatisfaction with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's cruel behavior of killing ministers at every turn. It is also the " "Han Shu" is a rare expression of criticism of the ruler's progressive ideological tendencies. The tit-for-tat exchanges between Su Wu and Li Ling are ups and downs, very exciting, and the voices of the characters come alive on the page. The object of Su Wu's struggle here is an old friend who has a close friendship and is now an enemy camp. The mentality of both parties is relatively complicated, and the author's description is also very good, which is the most brilliant part of this part.
The third part, the last two sections of the article, introduces the process of Su Wu being returned to the country. The last sentence of the text: "When the Xiongnu is nineteen years old, he begins to grow strong, and by the time he returns, his beard and hair will turn white." It seems to be a plain description, but if you taste it carefully, it contains many emotions of the author. Life lasts only a hundred years, nineteen years is too long! Su Wu was born strong and in the prime of life when he went on the mission, and when he returned to his homeland, his beard and hair were all white. All the good years of his life passed in suffering, the author's sigh It is beyond words, but it is truly admirable to be so firm in your beliefs! Fortunately, despite all the hardships, he finally completed the mission of the envoy, safeguarded the dignity of the country, maintained the integrity of the nation, and returned to his hometown in honor. The author's sense of joy is also obvious. It can be said that this sentence expresses the same voice of the author and the reader.
2. Question what are the characteristics of writing in this article?
Clearly first, describe the characters with typical environments and details. Su Wu stayed in Hu for nineteen years and experienced ups and downs. The relationship between the Han and the Huns was complicated. The author grasps the key points in Su Wu's experience and uses typical environments and detailed descriptions to make the character of Su Wu vivid on the page. Su Wu was sent as an envoy to the Huns, but due to an unexpected incident, he was imprisoned. Around him, there were the butcher knives of Shan Yu and Wei Lu who had the power to seize life and death, the surrender of Zhang Sheng, the deputy envoy who was greedy for life and fear of death, and the tearful persuasion to surrender by Li Ling, who had been a colleague and friend. As for Beihai Shepherd, who was unable to eat in the ice and snow, Su Wu was even put to death. These typical environments push the character Su Wu to the forefront of conflict and struggle, allowing the character to show off his talents. The author also uses some detailed descriptions to show Su Wu's unyielding national integrity. For example, Su Wu committed suicide twice. The first time he was stopped by Sheng and Hui, and the second time he was saved. Another example is that Su Wu was imprisoned in a big cellar, lying down gnawing at the snow and swallowing it together with the hair of the twigs. He was exiled to the Beihai, where he dug up wild rats to remove the grass and eat them. On the day of the stick man, shepherding sheep, lying down and taking care of things, and on the festival day, all the festivals are done. Su Wu's language is also of typical significance.
For example, when Wei Lv was forced to surrender, he said: "The deputy is guilty and should sit down." Su Wu scolded him and said: "We have no plans and we are not relatives. How can we sit together?" This made Wei Lu speechless, so he had to shamelessly raise his sword to imitate it, but Su Wu remained unmoved. Another example is when Li Ling persuaded him to surrender, but Su Wu remained unmoved by his sentiments. He said, "Although he has an ax, ax, ax, soup, and wok, he is sincere and happy," showing his unyielding character until death.
Secondly, in order to highlight Su Wu’s national integrity, the article focuses on three traitors, which are in sharp contrast to Su Wu: one is the deputy envoy Zhang Sheng, the other is Wei Lu, who was the accomplice of the tiger, and the other was the traitor. Friend's Li Ling. They all lost their national integrity before the power of the Huns and fell at the feet of the enemy. Only Su Wu was upright and would rather die than surrender for the sake of national dignity and the interests of the Han Dynasty. The author creates for us a plump, moving and tall image of a national hero.
3. Question: Su Wu committed suicide twice before being imprisoned and exiled, but later tried every means to survive. Is this a contradiction?
Clearly there is no contradiction. Su Wu regarded safeguarding the dignity of the country and the nation as his lofty mission and code of conduct in Hu Di. It is not difficult for us to understand that the Xiongnu's attempt to persuade Su Wu and others to surrender was actually a confrontation between the Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty, which was related to national dignity and national integrity. When the incident happened, he had already realized that if it happened, it would definitely affect me. If I see a crime, I will die, and I will bear a heavy burden on the country. "The heavy burden on the country" was because he did not discover the conspiracy of deputy envoy Zhang Sheng in advance, which caused harm to the country. Su Wu realized that once he was interrogated by the Xiongnu, it would bring humiliation to the country, so he committed suicide to avoid being tried. Later, during the interrogation, he was coerced and induced by Wei Lu. After saying some awe-inspiring words, he stabbed himself with a knife. First, he expressed his determination not to surrender by his actions, and second, he wanted to avenge the country's shame. The Xiongnu understood Su Wu's determination and knew that power and wealth could not conquer him, so they wanted to conquer Su Wu's will by destroying his body. Therefore, the method of resistance adopted by Su Wu has changed from seeking death in the past to seeking survival in the future. He wants to survive strongly in various hardships, but the premise and pillar of survival is still his identity as an envoy of the Han Dynasty, so he? During the Han Festival, shepherding sheep, getting up and taking care of things? Judging from the full text, Su Wu did not care about life and death at all, and only considered the honor and interests of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, as the situation changed, his method of confrontation also changed.
Assign homework
Complete "Search and Exercise" 1 and 3.
Answer attached:
A. Knowledge test
1. A (yin, secretly, privately)
2. Meeting ( coincidentally, coincidentally; ***same, together)
生 (to live, as an adverbial; to live, as a verb, as a predicate)
3.C ointment, fertilizing weeds. Originally it means melted fat, which is extended to mean fat, and is used as a verb here. (In item C: "bi" is also a noun as a verb, stationed; A is to make Su Wu surrender; in item B: "zhuang" is a conative use; in item D: "夜" is a noun as an adverbial.)
4.A C D (B Because he wanted to kill Wei Lu so that his mother and younger brother in the Han Dynasty would be rewarded by the Han Dynasty. This was for personal gain, not a patriotic act.)
5. For example, Su Wu wanted to commit suicide before his trial, but was dissuaded by his own people. During the trial, he died to express his feelings, but was revived by the Huns. The plot is full of twists and turns and fascinating. This is the vividness of the description that the author emphasizes on typical examples. In addition, contrasting techniques are often used. (omitted)
6. Just be able to answer Su Wu’s noble national integrity.
7. Pay attention to the analysis of the poetry’s imagery and express the author’s emotions.
B. Ability improvement
1.⑴A.Visit B.Know C.Chai D.Privately E.Through?Invite?, invite F.Messenger
⑵B (asked for leave to go home before he was about to go back)
⑶A B E F
⑷C (it was not the governor who told Hu Zhi about this)
2. Omitted< /p>
C. Space for expansion
Omitted