1, a local proper noun
Rugby was originally a British place name, where there is a school rugby school, which is famous for playing rugby. The lowercase Rugby later refers to "rugby" or "rugby play".
Copper originated in Cyprus and is famous for its copper production.
Many commodity names in English are the place names of origin. For example, java comes from Indonesia's place name Java, which means "Java coffee"; Cologne comes from Cologne, West Germany, which means "the water of Cologne"; Bourbon comes from Bourbon, Kentucky, which means "a strong whisky". Other common words from local proper nouns to common nouns are as follows:
China porcelain porcelain
Oliwood Hollywood (the center of the American film industry; Part of Los Angeles)
Hollywood American movies; American film industry; American film industry
Mecca Mecca (Islamic pilgrimage site in western Saudi Arabia)
A place of worship in Mecca; A place eager to go; The desired goal.
Nanjing cloth (a durable natural color cloth) (originally from Nanjing, China)
Panama city, Panama
Panama Panama straw hat
Shanghai
Shanghai Pudong chicken
White House White House; American government
Russia Russia
Russian leather (Russian leather)
Scotch Scotland (human)
Scotch Whisky
Waterloo Waterloo (Belgian town) (Napoleon's army was defeated here 18 15)
Waterloo fiasco; A fatal blow; A decisive setback
Japan Japan
Japanese Japanese lacquer; (collectively) Japanese porcelain
Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor (American military port); Sneak attack (like Pearl Harbor document)
Broadway Broadway (one of the main streets in new york, USA, because many theaters and nightclubs are located in this story, the street names represent "American drama industry", "new york entertainment industry" and "new york nightlife". )
2. Proper nouns of names
(1) The name of the original inventor was changed to the name of the invention.
Watt originated from British scientist james watt; ; Volt originated from Italian scientists.
Alessandro Volta; Ohm originated from German scientist georg ohm; ; Ampere originated from the French scientist Andre Ampere; ; Hertz originated from the German physicist H.R. Hertz; Pasteurization method comes from louis pasteur, a famous French chemist and biologist.
(2) Someone became famous for initiating or discovering something, and later became a common noun.
Sandwich originated from Earl Sandwich, who was originally a gambler. It is said that in order to save gambling time, he asked a servant to cut bread for him and put a piece of meat to satisfy his hunger, hence the name sandwich.
3) Famous figures in novels or other written works refer to ordinary people because they have obvious personality characteristics.
Friday comes from the name of Robinson Crusoe, a British novel, and now refers to "loyal servant". Don Quixote was originally the protagonist in Don Quixote by Cervantes, a Spanish writer. Now it means "Don Quixote-like man", "idealist full of young thoughts" and "fanatical and narrow-minded man". Shylock, a vicious Jew who specializes in usury in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, now refers to "extortionate moneylender" and "heartless merchant". Uncle Tom is the protagonist in Uncle Tom's Cabin published by American woman writer Mrs. Stowe in 1852. Now it is used as "a black man who resigned", and Uncle Tomism means "resigned". Crusoe is the hero in Robinson grasso by Defoe, an English writer. Now Crusoe refers to "people who drift to uninhabited islands like Robinson" and "lonely people". Don Juan, a Spanish legend, is a dissolute aristocrat who specializes in playing with women. This figure often appears in people who signed the Declaration of Independence in the West. Now this word is used to refer to "autographed" poems and plays, and now it refers to "people who play with women". Romeo, a romantic man, is a character in Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and Juliet, which now refers to "a man in love".
(4) Politicians and their names
Nicotine comes from the name of a French diplomat, Jean Nico introduced tobacco to France in the16th century. John hancock (1773- 1793) was an American revolutionary leader. He was the first person to sign the declaration of independence. Now this word is used to mean "autograph". Quisling (traitor, head of puppet government) originated from Norwegian fascist leader Quisling (Gysling), who colluded with German fascists in World War II and became the head of puppet regime after Nazi occupation. McCarthyism originated from U.S senator J·R· McCarthy (1909- 1957), which means "the reactionary proposition of persecuting American democratic and progressive forces by fascist means", also known as "McCarthyism".
(5) Names of people such as religions and myths.
Somson is a figure in the Christian Bible. He is famous for his strength, and now he is used to refer to "Hercules". Titan is a legendary giant among Greek gods who once ruled the world. Now lowercase Titan is used to refer to "giant" and "giant". Venus, the goddess of love and beauty in Greek mythology, is now used to mean "beauty". Diana, the goddess of the moon and hunting in Roman mythology, now refers to "the moon" or "Huntress". Hercules is the "Hercules" in Greek and Roman mythology. He is the son of Zeus, the Lord God, and has accomplished twelve heroic deeds. The lowercase Hercules means "Hercules, Giant". Nestor was a wise veteran of Greece during the Trojan War, and Nestor was a metaphor of "an old and wise leader" or "a wise old man". Oedipus originated from Greek mythology. This is the prince of Thebes, who once solved the mystery of the Sphinx. Later, he killed his father by mistake and married his mother. When he found out, he stabbed himself in the eye and wandered to death. Now it can be used to refer to "puzzle solver". Oedipus complex refers to the "Oedipus plot" in psychology. Apollo is the god in charge of light, youth, poetry, medicine, animal husbandry and so on. In Greek mythology. Now poetry refers to "the sun" or "a handsome young man".
(6) Other proper nouns.
Plato originated from the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, which means "theoretical", "idealistic" or "purely spiritual". Platonic love or Platonism means "spiritual love". Solomon, the son of King David of the Kingdom of Israel, is famous for his wisdom, and now he means "wise man" or "saint". Tom Thumb is a dwarf in English fairy tales, which now refers to "a short person or plant".
3. Proper nouns of film titles or film and television titles
Many common English names are translated from book titles or film titles.
Asphalt jungle was originally the name of an American film, and now it refers to a big city or a specific area of a big city. Godfather was originally the title of a novel written by Mar io puzo in 1969, and now it refers to the leader of mafia or other secret criminal organizations. Utopia was originally the name of a novel written by Thomas Moore, and now it refers to "Utopia" or "Utopianism".
4. Trademark proper nouns
Many English trademarks are often used to refer to their own products because they are familiar to everyone. Kodak (Kodak camera), Xerox (xerox, copier), Ford (Ford), Vaseline (Vaseline), Coco-cola (Coca-Cola beverage), Pepsi-cola (Pepsi-Cola beverage), some trademark terms and derivatives, such as xeroxer and xeroxable. In addition, some trademark nouns can also be used as adjectives. For example, Mickey Mouse means "small", "small size" and "petty".
5. Other proper nouns
In addition to the proper nouns mentioned above, there are many common nouns in English that are transformed from other proper nouns. Mafia is a secret criminal organization in Sicily, Italy and the United States, and Mafia refers to "a secret group of political terrorists" or "a secret criminal organization engaged in illegal activities such as drug trafficking all over the world". Marathon refers to the 42. 195km marathon, and lowercase marathon refers to "long-distance races (swimming, skating, etc.). ) ".The Nazi was party member of the German National Socialist Party, which means" fascism ". Oscar was originally an Oscar award in the American film industry, but now it means "award" or "medal". Paradise originated from the religious Garden of Eden. Protestantism originally meant 1952 Protestant Protestants who protested Catholic Protestants in the German Parliament. Now lowercase portestant means "protester" or "dissident". Disneyland originated from an amusement park established by American animator Walter Disney near Los Angeles. October means "wine brewed in October". Mount Olympus is the residence of Greek gods, which now means "heaven" and "heaven". The Renaissance was the Renaissance in Europe in the14-16th century. Now it refers to the renaissance of literature and art (or literature and academia), and the lowercase Renaissance can also refer to "rebirth", "resurrection" and "revival".