Time: 1959
From 65438 to 0957, 20-year-old Saddam joined the left-leaning Social Baath Party. From 65438 to 0958, Saddam participated in the assassination of Iraqi King Faisal. 1959 At the beginning, Saddam participated in the assassination of Iraqi dictator Prime Minister Kassem. Kassem was shot several times, while Saddam was shot only in the leg. He cut the wound with a dagger, dug out the warhead, put on an Arabic robe and fled Baghdad with only 23 dinars. 1960 On February 25th, Saddam was sentenced to death. Saddam swam across the Tigris River on a cold night and arrived in Syria, the birthplace of the Arab Baath Socialist Party.
Saddam Hussein was almost killed for opposing Baath Party corruption.
Time: 1963
1In February 1960, Saddam left Damascus for Cairo, Egypt, and actively participated in various activities organized by the Baath Party in Cairo. Because of his excellent organizational skills, he was elected as a member of the branch Committee. 1In February 1963, the Iraqi Baath Party staged a coup, executed Kassem, and Becker became prime minister. Saddam Hussein returned to his hometown, became a member of the leading body, and studied in the law department of Baghdad University. At that time, Saddam was almost killed because he offended the upper class by opposing Baath Party corruption. Due to disunity within the Baath Party, Aref took the opportunity to launch a coup in June 1963 1 1 and overthrew the Baath Party, which had been in power for only nine months. Saddam had to flee to Damascus again.
Saddam Hussein returned to Iraq to engage in covert activities and was imprisoned for two years.
Time: 1964
Saddam Hussein returned to Iraq to continue his secret struggle. 1964, 10 in June, he was arrested and imprisoned again. After two years in prison, he escaped from prison with the help of Baath Party. 1July, 968 17, Saddam Hussein led tanks to capture the Iraqi presidential palace, ending Aref's five-year dictatorship. Baath Party veteran Becker is the president, and Saddam Hussein is the vice chairman of the Revolutionary Command Committee, the highest authority in Iraq. June, 65438+July, 09791July, 979, Saddam Hussein officially succeeded Becker as President of Iraq and Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council. Since then, he has gathered the strength of the party, government, army and special police, and finally reached the peak of power.
Survived several assassinations by the CIA and Mossad.
Saddam claimed that he "has been on the lookout for assassination all his life". 199 1 At the end of the year, Saddam returned to his hometown of tikrit to recuperate. His bulletproof car suddenly exploded in the middle, but Saddam Hussein was safe and sound. 1In July 1995, the CIA formulated an assassination plan code-named "Operation Dream", but Saddam was told that the plan was bankrupt and more than 80 Iraqi officers involved were wiped out. 1996, the CIA bribed the waitress to poison Saddam's rice, but she was too scared to reveal the stuffing. In February 1998, the CIA and British MI6 jointly planned a mutiny plot in Iraq in an attempt to overthrow Saddam Hussein, but it did not escape Saddam Hussein's attention, and at least 100 officers and participants were executed. The Israeli intelligence agency Mossad also tried to assassinate Saddam, but they all went bankrupt.
The US military handed over Saddam Hussein to the Iraqi interim government.
On June 30, 2004, the US military handed over the judicial custody (including jurisdiction) of Saddam Hussein and senior officials of the former regime 1 1 to the Iraqi interim government, but the US military was still in charge of custody and announced that Saddam Hussein was no longer a prisoner of war. On the same day, the judicial department of the Iraqi interim government officially announced the arrest of Saddam Hussein. Saddam Hussein's first hearing (hearing) was held in the Iraqi Special Court (a judicial institution established by the Iraqi Governing Council in accordance with the Statute of the Iraqi Special Court, whose legitimacy has been confirmed by the effective interim Iraqi Constitution), and the judge read him the indictment. Saddam Hussein refused to plead guilty and to sign court documents. Saddam's defense lawyer did not attend the first hearing, and Saddam's first wife later hired an international team of lawyers to defend Saddam. Subsequently, the live video of the court was released to the public, which was the first time that Saddam appeared in public since his arrest.
The trial officially started shortly after noon on June 65438+1October 65438+September local time. This court is a room in the national headquarters of the former Arab Baath Socialist Party. The Iraqi special court formally tried Saddam Hussein for crimes against humanity. Saddam refused to admit his guilt.
On 28 June 2005, the Tribunal reconvened in Baghdad. Saddam attacked the judge and condemned the "inhuman treatment" of the court. On February 5, 2006, dulaimi, a defense lawyer, questioned the legality of the trial of Saddam Hussein by the Special Court, but the Chief Justice insisted on continuing the trial procedure. The defense lawyer walked out of the court to protest and the trial had to be adjourned again. After more than an hour, the lawyer returned to the court and the trial resumed. The first witness, ahmed hassan Mohammed, also testified in court. He described the Dujail massacre. On February 6, 2005, 65438, a female witness testified behind the scenes, and her voice was processed for security reasons. Later, due to technical reasons, the court ordered a temporary recess. At this time, Saddam Hussein shouted: "I will never come to this unjust court again, and you all go to hell." On February 7, 65438, the trial was interrupted for several hours because Saddam refused to appear in court for trial. Later, the court continued the trial in the absence of Saddam Hussein. On June 5438+February 2 1 day, 2005, Saddam accused the Americans of beating and torturing him in the court in Baghdad. A White House spokesman strongly denied Saddam's statement. Judge Reid, who was in charge of the trial, said Saddam Hussein's allegations of ill-treatment were unsubstantiated.
On June 5438+1October 65438+May 2006, the Iraqi High Court issued a statement confirming that the presiding judge Amin resigned for "personal reasons". 65438+1On October 23rd, a spokesman for the special court that tried Saddam Hussein said that the court had decided to appoint Raouf Abdarrahman as the presiding judge. 65438129, shortly after the review of Saddam's case, Saddam's defense team, Saddam himself and several other defendants left the court to protest against the procedural issues of the special court. /kloc-in February, 2000, the trial of Saddam Hussein in the Iraqi High Court began again, but Saddam himself and his defense lawyers did not attend the trial. 13 In February, Saddam appeared in court for retrial and shouted the slogan "Down with Bush". /kloc-in February, 2004, Saddam declared in court that he and three other defendants had started a hunger strike to protest against the "unfair trial" conducted by the presiding judge and his superiors. On February 27th, Durami, Saddam's chief defense lawyer, revealed that Saddam had stopped his 1 1 day hunger strike a week ago for health reasons.
On March 1 2006, Saddam admitted in court that after the incident in Dugar village, he personally ordered revenge on the villagers. On March 15, 2006, Saddam appeared in court for the first time to testify directly. He called his trial a farce. On April 5, 2006, when Saddam appeared in court for trial, he lashed out at the Iraqi Ministry of Interior for killing thousands of Iraqis and asked an international organization to verify his signature on the relevant documents produced by the prosecutor. On April 17, Saddam Hussein and seven co-defendants appeared in court again. The judge read out a criminal expert's report, saying that Saddam's signature on the relevant documents sentenced to death in Dujar village was true. Saddam Hussein's defense lawyer said that these experts are members of the Ministry of the Interior, "because of their relationship with the Ministry of the Interior, they cannot be independent". He asked the court to appoint other experts to re-evaluate the signature. On May 3, 2006, Kloc-0, Saddam's defense lawyer accused the prosecution witness Hedley of perjury and asked the court to investigate the reliability of the testimony of all prosecution witnesses.
On June 2, 2006, khamis Abeidy, one of Saddam's main defense lawyers, was kidnapped and killed by militants. Saddam Hussein and seven other defendants began a hunger strike to protest the shooting of Abidy. On June 23rd, the US military in Iraq said Saddam Hussein had ended his hunger strike. On July 1 1, Saddam and his lawyers refused to attend the trial again to protest the murder of abedi. On July 23, Saddam was taken to the hospital for treatment because of a hunger strike for many days. On July 26th, Saddam appeared at the trial site, claiming that he was forcibly taken to court. He also said that if he was sentenced to death, he wanted to be shot, not hanged.
On June 5, 2006, 165438+ The Iraqi High Court announced the verdict of the Dujar village case, and Saddam was sentenced to be hanged for murder and crimes against humanity. 12 On February 26th, the Iraqi Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the lower court and declared that the trial procedure against Saddam Hussein had been completed and no appeal could be filed. On February 27th, 65438, Saddam Hussein expressed his willingness to sacrifice himself for Iraq and become a martyr. He called on the Iraqi people to unite against the American invaders. Saddam's Arab Baath Socialist Party warned that if Saddam was hanged, the Baath Socialist Party would retaliate against the United States. The statement said that the United States should be responsible for Saddam's hanging, because the decision-maker is the United States, not the Iraqi "puppet" government. In 1988, the Iraqi army launched an attack on Halab Jia Cun with chemical weapons, killing 5,000 people in one day. Someone in the special court confirmed that Saddam ordered the massacre, but Saddam claimed in his first interview with the judge that he learned about the Halabja incident from the media.
According to the testimony of Ali Rai Karim, a former Iraqi tank commander, Karim led a tank convoy into Harab Jia village where Kurds lived. After the troops arrived, they were told that the Iranian army was hiding in Halabja town, and the president "directly ordered" to destroy Iranian soldiers with chemical weapons. Karim's tanks were ordered to fire several shells at Halabja town, which contained mustard gas and nerve gas.
According to Nisha Kazaji, a senior officer of the former Saddam regime, Saddam and his cousin Majid did it. Weisberg, the special prosecutor in charge of Kazaji's case, said that she had some military orders for May and June of 1987. A copy was sent to Kazaji, commander of the First Army, which read: "Soldiers have the right to destroy all people and animals in this area." The other is the order issued by Majid, ordering the First Army to wipe out anyone aged 65,438+07 ~ 70 in some villages. Kazaji said that there may have been these orders at that time, but he did not carry them out.
According to Steven pelletier, an expert of the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States, who wrote in The New York Times in 2003, the CIA inspected the samples of toxic substances collected at the scene and determined that Iranian cyanide-based gas caused a large number of Kurdish deaths. For a long time, there have been rumors about Iraqi President Saddam Hussein's use of body double. It is reported that Saddam Hussein is in poor health, but he has appeared in public many times for a long time. Whether Saddam himself or his body double has always been a mystery. With this question, Saudi Weekly specially interviewed Abbas Janabi, the press secretary of Saddam's eldest son Uday for many years, as well as a former consultant of Saddam who did not want to be named and a doctor who participated in body double plastic surgery. They revealed some little-known inside information.
The selection of body doubles is extremely confidential and strict, and must be decided by the president himself. Once identified, Body double is usually placed in the president's personal bodyguard, requiring anonymity, prohibiting the use of real names, and clearly treating body double like the president on weekdays. How many body double does Saddam have now?
Saddam's use of body double went through a process from simple to complex. According to Saddam's former adviser, in the past, it was only required that the car body body double was similar in general appearance, in order to make people think that Saddam was sitting in this car or that car, and people were not allowed to get close, so it was more than enough as a security measure at that time. In the late period of the Iran-Iraq war, Saddam began to seriously consider selecting body double who looked like him to meet the front-line officers and soldiers to boost morale. 1August 2, 990, after the Iraqi army occupied Kuwait, the demand for the corpse body double became more urgent, in order to show the President's personal inspection. After the Gulf War, Iraq suffered an unprecedented ban from Western allies led by the United States, especially 1996, when Saddam's eldest son was assassinated and disabled. It is urgent to clone Saddam body double. Lisa chose body double not only for herself, but also for her sons Uday and Qusai.
Saddam's body body double requires not only to look exactly like Saddam, but also to behave and talk, whether he is happy or not, without any flaws. Members of the Majid family from Saddam Hussein are their first choice in body double. As we all know, Saddam is very similar to his uncle Ali Hassan al-Majid, so Saddam looks very similar to some cousins. Saddam Kamal, Sada's cousin, once played Saddam in a film "Long Years" reflecting Saddam's life. The advantage of choosing body double, the body technique of Saddam family, is that it can greatly shorten the training time, especially the tikrit accent in Saddam's hometown, which is difficult for outsiders to imitate.
Naturally, in order to make the body double look like Lisa herself, it needs the careful carving of a beauty doctor. For example, transplant a mole on body double's face, just like Saddam's; The mandibular nerve was operated to make its lower lip slightly tilt to the right like Saddam Hussein; In order to solve the problem of being younger than Saddam Hussein, some wrinkles were made on his face, chin and neck. Body double and Lisa are like twin brothers, and his photo can be hung in the president's office.
An Iraqi painter painted many propaganda portraits of President Saddam Hussein for the wall of the main square in Baghdad, and he was awarded by Saddam Hussein. In order to draw a portrait, he met the president many times and once sketched the president's face for a long time. Based on the professional acumen of the painter, it should be said that his understanding of the president's appearance is very clear. He told reporters a personal experience: under the specific historical conditions in Iraq at that time, he was forbidden to go abroad because he held a master's degree. In order to get special permission, he contacted the president's office and asked to see the president. Finally, he was arranged. He said: "At the beginning of the meeting, I was sure that the person in front of me was the real President Saddam Hussein. However, when I carefully observe the subtle features of his face and listen to his voice, I can conclude that he is not Saddam. In particular, he did not immediately make a decision on my request, which strengthened my judgment. He just said to me,' Everything will be fine as long as God is willing.' Undoubtedly, if it is really the president, he will reply immediately, and there is no need to be vague. "
Saddam used body double extensively and skillfully in military and political activities, some for dealing with daily courtesy affairs, some for boosting morale, some for confusing the enemy, conducting propaganda and psychological warfare, and achieving political and security purposes.
According to Abbas Janabi, the "president" who usually comes forward to meet people is not Saddam himself, but body double. Because similar interviews often last more than 10 hours and require a lot of physical strength and energy, the president is not allowed to do so regardless of health and mental state or time. It is more appropriate to use body double to do this simple mechanical work, and it is not necessary to make a decision on the questions raised by the masses immediately, and then the relevant personnel will handle them.
Saddam Hussein's former adviser said that during Iraq's occupation of Kuwait, the footage of Saddam Hussein standing on the Kuwaiti coast and overlooking it on Iraqi television must be body double. After technical processing, the picture of Saddam meeting senior commanders on another occasion was cut into a human body double to inspect Kuwait City, as if the President had really come to the front to supervise the war. The adviser was convinced that the then president would never risk his life in war-torn Kuwait. 199117, in the first few days after the allied bombing of Baghdad, the photos of Saddam Hussein's visit to Baghdad published by the Iraqi media were also masterpieces of body double.
The most famous appearance of body doubles occurred in the summer of 1996. At that time, Iraqi television and other media reported a lot about President Saddam's Tigris River cruise. In fact, the TV footage of Saddam swimming across the river was completed by body double, and it was just a shot of Saddam standing on the shore as a foil, as if Saddam was really crossing the Tigris River, not body double. In this swimming activity, no one is allowed to approach except the security guard.