The wisdom of "decline"
(1) American chemist Francis? After winning the Nobel Prize, Crick ordered himself a general rejection letter: "Thank you for your letter, but unfortunately, I can't sign your name, take photos, give interviews, give radio lectures, go to dinner and give speeches on TV, act as a witness, read your manuscript, make reports, attend meetings, serve as chairman, editor, accept honorary degrees and so on." Crick's wise refusal, although lacking in "human touch", has avoided numerous troubles, saved a lot of meaningless entertainment and saved a lot of precious time.
Probably celebrities, important people and successful people will encounter similar troubles and all need the courage and wisdom to refuse. Rejection is not the same as rejection. Declining is basically a good thing or goodwill, at least that's what the parties think; If you refuse, pull your face down and shake your head. Refused, not only to put things back, but also to thank others for their "kindness." You should be tactful and reasonable, but you should be firm and uncompromising. Therefore, how to choose words requires some hesitation and wisdom.
Mr. Qian Zhongshu is indifferent by nature and hates social intercourse. Especially in his later years, he almost declined all banquets, speeches, part-time jobs and interviews, despite his good intentions. But Mr Qian doesn't think so. "It feels good to eat an egg. Is it necessary to see the hen that laid the eggs? " It's humorous that he refused to meet his readers in this way. As for the banquet of eating and drinking in the sea, he refused: he didn't want to "spend some dirty money, eat some dirty things, meet some irresponsible people and say something irrelevant", which seemed to be more ingenious than direct, but it was more effective to watch the gentleman's honest introduction. At this point, who has the face to invite you again?
Mao Dun, a writer, is a gentle and kind person. His refusal is polite and smacks of negotiation. 1958 In March, Mao Dun wrote a letter to the office of the Chinese Writers Association, saying, "Now I'm going to write some personal plans, but the plans have been decided. Whether it can be completed depends on whether there is time. I hope to get the help of the leaders. First, help me remove the part-time job of the Minister of Culture and the part-time job of the CPPCC Standing Committee; Second, help me get rid of China literature and translation posts; Help me not go abroad this year. If there are so many part-time jobs in name only, and at the same time, you spend two-thirds of your time in meetings, receptions and parties every Friday? what's up In fact, then I have to stop writing novels? " It is precisely because his refusal is too polite, not decisive enough, and of course, "work needs", so it is not very useful. He had to soak in meetings, cocktail parties and parties day after day, and his writing plan basically failed. In the last thirty years of his life, no influential works came out.
(5) Contrary to Mao Dun, Nobel Prize in Literature laureate Hungarian writer imre? Chertes believes that the biggest secret of his success is "being good at refusing all kinds of invitations and socializing, and successfully closing his door". He has always refused interviews, conferences and celebrity dictionaries, so that his name can't be found in the Encyclopedia of China Foreign Literature Volume, the Literature History of Eastern European Countries and several versions of the Dictionary of World Cultural Celebrities. It is precisely because he declined almost all activities unrelated to writing that he was able to concentrate on his favorite literary creation, worked hard in obscurity for most of his life, and finally won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
6. Life is short, one hundred years in a blink of an eye. Learning to refuse can save you time; Learning to refuse can help you concentrate on your work.
Then, please turn off your mobile phone and email in time to reduce all kinds of "enthusiasm" interference. Those unnecessary entertainment, putting on a show as a "vase", various seminars, awards, lectures, interviews with celebrities on TV stations, and judges of various competitions, can be resolutely rejected. We might as well learn from Mr. Qian Zhongshu's humorous and decisive spirit and Mr. Crick's clever wording and uncompromising attitude.
(Chen Lumin People's Digest, No.8, 20 17)
1. What does the author think is the difference between "decline" and "refusal" in the second paragraph? Please summarize. (2 points)
A: Declining is basically a good thing or goodwill. You should not only return things, but also thank others for their kindness. How to choose words, you have to hesitate and need some wisdom.
If you refuse, pull your face down and shake your head.
2. Talk about the role of the first paragraph in the full text. (3 points)
A: Vivid examples lead to arguments and support your own views. At the same time, the introduction of stories increases the readability and attractiveness of the discussion.
3. Can the fourth paragraph be deleted? Why? (3 points)
A: It cannot be deleted. The article gives an example of Mao Dun's euphemistic refusal. On the one hand, it proves that some things will have a great impact on your life or life if you don't refuse. On the other hand, it also proves that Mao Dun's refusal is not strong enough and won't work.
4. Many students try to restrain themselves from doing their homework during the holidays, and at the same time send messages to refuse their classmates' invitations from time to time. Combined with the article, talk about your views on this phenomenon. (2 points)
Answer: You can't refuse to do something like homework, so you should do it well in a planned way. Students' invitations can't be generalized, but they can participate in meaningful and safe collective activities together; Meaningless and dangerous activities or "parties" are explicitly rejected and unambiguous.
Suggestions and guidance on Chinese learning methods in junior one.
1. Seriously carry out language accumulation.
Language accumulation not only refers to the accumulation and recitation of ancient poems and modern poems, but also includes the accumulation of vocabulary, famous sayings, proverbs and aphorisms. Among the Chinese test questions in the senior high school entrance examination, accumulated questions account for a certain proportion. Their positions in the test paper may be listed separately, or they may be examined in a centralized way, or they may be placed in reading questions, while in some areas they may be placed in "additional test papers". But in any case, we should pay attention to them in our daily study and review of the senior high school entrance examination. Because language accumulation is a traditional Chinese education experience in China, it is a way to promote students' learning by examining students' language accumulation through examinations.
In the review, we should memorize the famous poems and paragraphs that are required to be recited in the Chinese curriculum standards and textbooks, and do not add, delete, misuse words and punctuation when dictation. I will write the title of the poem and the author's name, carefully read the extracurricular reading materials required by the Chinese curriculum standards, consciously make information cards, and collect famous sayings and words. In addition, in daily reading, we should also pay attention to the accumulation and refinement of some commonly used poems and sentences after class. It should be pointed out that the cumulative learning of famous sentences should be able to understand their meanings and use them accurately and appropriately in the context. You can also use the method of classification to sort out the accumulated famous sentences for comparative study and memory.
The accumulation of words also includes commonly used idioms, synonyms and antonyms. At the same time of accumulation, we should master the rules of its application, such as language environment, praise and criticism color, etc.
2. Strengthen the cultivation of language use ability.
The scope of language use is very wide, including pronunciation, Chinese characters, grammar, rhetoric, extracurricular reading, oral communication, comprehensive learning and so on. Generally speaking, phonetic examination is to pronounce words that are easy to read and easy to make mistakes accurately according to the requirements of context, including some polyphonic words, similar words, words that can't be distinguished before and after nasal vowels and some initials in dialects, and common words are the scope of examination; The examination of Chinese characters involves two aspects: one is to correct typos, the other is to write in a standardized, correct and neat way; Examine grammar and rhetoric from the perspective of application, such as modifying sick sentences; Rhetoric is a common test, such as imitation, continuation and filling in the blanks. The figures of speech generally investigated are parallelism, duality, metaphor, and conciseness, coherence and appropriateness in negative rhetoric.
Common language use problems include writing advertisements according to the provided materials, retelling their contents in combination with tables, designing relevant columns for newspapers, commenting on related life phenomena and summarizing the main contents of news. The examination of comprehensive learning may lead to the design of activity plan and the display and analysis of activity results. These questions are very flexible and can't be ignored in training.
3. According to the spirit of curriculum standards, improve reading literacy.
The requirements of the senior high school entrance examination documents of the Ministry of Education for modern Chinese reading are mainly extracurricular materials. Obviously, modern Chinese reading should mainly focus on the transfer and application of knowledge. In retrospect, we should do the following:
First of all, we should choose good reading materials. That is, there are three practical styles? Narrative, expository, argumentative, and prose and novels in literary works (poetry and drama do not appear much in the examination questions) naturally need to be carefully selected in content, with good language and writing, good ideological content, deep cultural connotation, and scientific and contemporary expository writing. Generally, the length should be between 1000 words and 1500 words. The number of words can be broken and cannot be deleted at will.
Second, we should pay attention to the overall understanding and sentiment: we should be able to accurately grasp the main contents, important viewpoints and ideas of the article and understand the significance of its image. This is the main point of reading the article: because only by doing this can we correctly grasp the key to answering other questions.
The third is to clarify the writing ideas of the article. That is to clarify the text structure of the article and grasp the ingenuity of the author's layout. This is an important aspect of exploring the artistic characteristics of the article, and it is also an indispensable link to grasp the center and focus of the article.
Fourth, we can accurately understand the meaning of key words and sentences according to the language environment. Key words and sentences, sometimes, look ordinary and plain, but if you think about it carefully, you will find that they have very profound connotations. To explore the center and theme of an article, we often have to understand a word or an important sentence. Therefore, in the review, we should exercise our ability to find and understand such words and sentences.
Fifth, you can use the spirit of inquiry to put forward your own views on the views or writing skills of the article: such questions are generally open-ended questions. According to the materials, we can not only answer with normal thinking mode, but also express our views and opinions with divergent thinking and reverse thinking mode. The answers to these questions are generally not fixed, but they must be reasonable and convincing. This is also the most frequently used question type recently.
Sixth, you can think and expand with the content of the article. Judging from the recent senior high school entrance examination questions, many reading questions have been appropriately expanded, such as linking the knowledge described in the explanatory text with the phenomena in life and requiring knowledge transfer; Starting with the content of the narrative, it is required to summarize the articles, make cards, and enjoy the transferred pictures according to the content. This kind of examination questions is quite flexible and valuable, which should attract our attention.
Classical Chinese reading materials mainly come from in-class, but there are also many areas that examine the combination of in-class and out-of-class or only the out-of-class materials. These materials are easy to understand. Compared with before, there have been some changes in the examination methods. We can see that the design of the topic includes not only the translation of commonly used words and sentences unique to the classical Chinese exam, but also the understanding of key words and phrases, the grasp of the content of the article, and the same open questions as modern Chinese to examine the ability of exploration and innovation. Because, pay attention to the accumulation of ancient poetry. Students' understanding has improved accordingly, so it is naturally more difficult to read classical Chinese. We should also pay attention to comparing and reading two articles with certain similarity by comparison, find out their similarities and differences, and summarize their laws.
What needs to be emphasized is that we should have a certain understanding of the contents of extracurricular reading items stipulated in the new curriculum standard and syllabus, such as their main stories, main characters' personalities, wonderful fragments and so on. It can be said that it is the scope of "extended reading": the appreciation of ancient poetry has recently been examined by many types of questions, including direct appreciation through multiple-choice questions and short-answer questions, and the combination of comparative reading and classical Chinese. This kind of question is not difficult, but the usual attention is not enough, which may also have an impact on the answer.
4. Effective training to improve writing ability.
The composition of the senior high school entrance examination is a subjective question with the highest score. Due to improper teaching methods, the tendency of marking papers is obvious, and insufficient attention is paid to composition training, which also affects the improvement of composition level and ability. In review, we should grasp the characteristics of composition proposition and choose appropriate methods. According to these senior high school entrance examination compositions, there are roughly four types of questions: topic composition, propositional composition, semi-propositional composition and material composition.
The topic of topic composition is not a proposition, it is a broad concept, or a writing range. Generally speaking, there is no limit to the selection of the topic composition, as long as it does not exceed the scope of the topic; There is no limitation of style, and writers can choose their own style according to their own specialties and the needs of content expression.
True feelings are the soul of writing a good composition. There should be rich emotions between the lines, not just "pen", but "heart". You have to share joys and sorrows with the characters in the article, crying and crying, and you have to vent your feelings to the fullest. Love should be sincere and strong, and approval should be sharp and profound. You can't write a narrative without taking notes When taking notes, you should not only describe it delicately and vividly, but also write out the value and significance of this kind of thing to life, as well as the enlightenment and sentiment gained from it. To do this, we must have a pair of eyes with unique perspectives and a brain that will actively think, explore and innovate. Only in this way can we be creative, insightful and innovative. To write an argumentative essay, we should establish a correct viewpoint, that is, an argument, choose appropriate facts and factual arguments, and use a variety of argumentation methods to make the truth tenable and convincing. When writing prose, you should use lyrical brushstrokes, praise beautiful things, or express sincere feelings and attitudes in your heart. If you choose the right angle and have a clever idea, you can also use the form of Song Tao. However, it should be noted that the narrative should be focused, not a running account, and the significance and value of things should be pointed out in appropriate places; The arguments should be profound, well-founded and convincing, and should not be exaggerated and empty; Prose and poetic language should be relatively subtle and profound, and if it is too straightforward, it will lack the poetry and emotional appeal it deserves.