Most of the "Luda" schools graduated from Chinese Army University and Baoding Military Academy headed by Guo Songling. Although Zhang Xueliang is not the leader of Luda School, he appreciates and respects Luda School most. Most of the members of Luda University are teachers and brigade commanders. Guo Songling, a native of Yongjiang, Rainbow, and the governor of Fengtian, advocated "Qiang Bing, guarding mulberry, developing Northeast China, not fighting among themselves and resisting foreign aggression". With Zhang's trust, he strongly advocated the development of forces to the Central Plains and became Zhang's most effective assistant to dominate the Central Plains. Yang Yuting and Guo Songling are both people with character defects. Yang Yuting is bossy, arrogant and good at small circles. He trusted the guard Zhang Zuo Lin and sometimes ignored Zhang Xueliang. And Guo Songling is a very serious person, unsmiling, narrow-minded, willful. When Feng Jun reorganized its army, Yang Yuting often restricted the budgets of the second and sixth brigades and the supply of ordnance and ammunition. Zhang Xueliang felt that "everything was stumped by Yang". Yang and Guo have always been at odds, and they are even more incompatible because of the love of the coach and the rumbled.
After Feng Yuxiang drove out the direct warlord and took control of Beijing, Zhang Feng Zuo Lin targeted him. Due to lack of food and salary, Feng Yuxiang secretly contacted Guo Songling, a general of Feng's youth faction, and planned to unite with the outside world against Feng. [3]
Guo Songling defected because Feng Yuxiang and Li Neng joined forces with him, which was an important foreign aid. With this foreign aid, not only do you have no worries, but you can also get cooperation. Judging from the secret agreement signed by Feng Yuxiang and Guo Songling, the two sides should cooperate sincerely. But Feng Yuxiang dug Guo Songling's foundation behind his back for his own benefit. [4]
After the second direct service war, there was a fierce territorial dispute within the service. According to any recollection, Zhang was originally scheduled to meet Jiangsu and Anhui from Guo Songling. Unexpectedly, Yang Yuting also wants a position. As a result, Yang went to Jiangsu and pushed her to Anhui, and Guo Songling was empty. Guo Songling's success in this war was not rewarded, and he was extremely dissatisfied. Later, Yang Yuting and Jiang Dengxuan fell to Jiangsu and Anhui, and Guo Songling angrily said to Zhang Xueliang, "Everything in the Northeast was ruined by Yang Yuting, and Anhui and Jiangsu failed, destroying the troops of three divisions. Now Yang Yuting is pestering the teacher to wash the dishes for them. I won't be a cannon head anymore. The only way to do things well in the Northeast is to get rid of Yang Yuting, a bunch of guys who have done nothing but fail, and let the rumbled be responsible. " At this point, Guo Songling has shown the mind of the anti-serve, but Zhang Xueliang doesn't care.
At the beginning of 1925+00, Guo Songling went to as a representative of Feng Jun to observe the exercise. An important staff member of the Japanese General Staff Headquarters visited him and asked him if he still had the task of signing a secret agreement with Japan on behalf of Zhang. Guo Songling knew that Zhang wanted to attack Feng Yuxiang's national army on the condition of "implementing Article 21". This incident aroused Guo Songling's strong indignation, and Guo told Han Fuju, a representative of the national army who was watching the exercise in Japan at that time. Guo told Han: "Today, the country is in peril, and Zhang is selfish and betrays the country. I can't agree with him in this way I am a national soldier, not a private lackey. If Zhang Zuo Lin really hits the national army, I will hit him. " And asked Han to convey the intention of cooperation to Feng Yuxiang.
In the same year1October 24th 10, Guo Songling was recalled to Fengtian by a telegram, and was later sent to Tianjin to deploy an offensive national army. After Guo arrived in Tianjin, he organized the Third Army Command on behalf of Zhang Xueliang. He seized this opportunity, placed his cronies, and frequently contacted Feng Yuxiang to prepare for the armed opposition.
1 13 10 13, Zhang Xueliang called a meeting of Guo Songling, Li and other generals in Tianjin to convey the secret order to attack the national army. Guo openly disobeyed orders at the meeting and solemnly declared that he would not fight again. At this time, Zhang also noticed Guo's infidelity, so he sent an urgent telegram to let Guo and his men concentrate in Luanzhou and return the order. Guo immediately sent someone to Baotou to contact Feng Yuxiang by secret agreement. The two sides agreed that Feng Yuxiang took the northwest, Zhili and Jehol belonged to Li, Guo was in charge of the three northeastern provinces, and Feng and Li supported the uprising.
1 19 10 19 evening, Guo Songling secretly called close brigade commanders Liu Wei, Fan Pujiang, Ji Yun and others to have an emergency meeting in national hotel, Tianjin, and publicly expressed their dissatisfaction with Zhang. 165438+1October 20th, Guo Songling ordered the troops to retreat to Luanzhou in the name of Zhang Xueliang, the commander of the army. 165438+1October 2 1 day, Guo held a military meeting at Luanzhou station, attended by about 100 people, and Guo's wife Han Shuxiu also attended the meeting. Guo lamented the disaster brought to the people by the civil war and said, "It was against us in front of the old coach ... Now, if we are asked to recover their territory and work for them, I won't do it ... I have made up my mind not to participate in the civil war again this time." Guo Songling has drawn up two plans: one is to move troops to fill the sea and not participate in the civil war; Second, at the end of the war, this unit will be unified. Please choose your signature and follow your own wishes. The vast majority of the generals at the meeting agreed, and everyone signed the declaration of the first plan. Only Zhao Enzhen, the fifth division commander, Gao, the seventh division commander, Qi Enming, the tenth division commander and Pei Chunsheng, the twelfth division commander, were hesitant, and some even expressed opposition. Guo Songling arrested these people and took them to Tianjin for detention. Finally, Guo said, "What I did was tantamount to rebellion. It will succeed naturally in the future. If I fail unfortunately, I will only die. " Mrs. Han Shuxiu replied: "If the commander dies, I will not live!"
1 1, 2 1 in the evening, Guo Songling sent a telegram to crusade against Zhang and put forward three major propositions: first, opposing civil war and advocating peace; The second is to demand that Zhang, who is a disaster to the country and the people and flatters Japan, step down and severely punish the main culprit; The third is to support Zhang Xueliang as the leader and reform the three northeastern provinces.
Guo Songling reorganized his men into five armies, with Zou Zuohua as the chief of staff and Liu Wei, Ji Yun, Wei, Fan Pujiang as the captains. 1925165438+1On October 23rd, 70,000 troops marched to Fengtian, and a bloody battle began [5].
Refuse to turn back
Guo Songling dared to fight Feng, not only because he was a democratic revolutionary who was essentially different from Zhang and other old warlords, but also because of Zhang Xueliang's full trust and connivance. Zhang Xueliang inherited his father Zhang Zuolin's style of "employing people without doubt, suspecting people without need", and he has extraordinary trust in Guo Songling, which has already become a beautiful talk within Fengxi Group. Therefore, when Guo Songling "often expressed dissatisfaction with Zhang's military and political measures", Zhang Xueliang "sympathized with Guo Songling" and did not stop it. [6]
Before Guo Songling started, he was admitted to Tianjin Italian Hospital. Zhang Xueliang visited before June 20th 165438+ and advised him to return to Fengtian to "present his opinions to the general". Guo said: "The generals are old-fashioned, and they are afraid of being irretrievable under the small encirclement. We must get rid of Lao Yang and his son, and we will do this. " Although Zhang Xueliang agreed with Guo's idea of opposing warlord melee and transforming Northeast China, he still could not oppose his father in the name of disobedience. At this point, Guo Songling's rebellion has been revealed, but Zhang Xueliang still failed to convince Guo in time. Later generations analyzed that Zhang Xueliang trusted Guo Songling so much that he never thought that he would really rise up and rebel.
Guo Songling arise, zhang is never thought of. Zhang Zuo Lin has always regarded Guo Songling as a figure assisting his son Zhang Xueliang. Guo Songling's rapid promotion has a lot to do with Zhang Xueliang and is directly related to Zhang's high hopes for Zuo Lin. After the second direct service war, Zhang rewarded Shandong overseers for their meritorious service, giving them to Zhang Zongchang, Jiangsu overseers and Anhui overseers, while Guo Songling, who made the greatest contribution, got nothing. In this regard, Zhang's explanation is: "In the future, my seat will be the sixth child, and the sixth child will be in power. Are you afraid that Guo Songling has no seat? " Zhang Zuo Lin knows that Guo Songling and Zhang Xueliang are too fat to put on a pair of trousers, and the future northeast will belong to Zhang Xueliang and Guo Songling. In Zhang's mind, Guo Songling equals Zhang Xueliang. So good weapons and good equipment can bring Guo Junlai. It can be said that at that time, almost all the elites in Feng Jun were under the command of Guo Songling.
Guo Songling's sudden rebellion shocked Zhang. At first, he mistakenly thought that Zhang Xueliang and Guo Songling were against Laozi. After finding out the truth, he ordered to resign and return to Dalian to find Guo Songling to fight for ammunition, and sent Zhang Xueliang to dredge directly with Guo. On 24th, Zhang Xueliang kowtowed to his father with tears in his eyes and went to Qinhuangdao, hoping to persuade Guo Songling to stop fighting and make peace. On 26th, Zhang Xueliang contacted Guo Songling's Japanese doctor Tian Fusong near Luanzhou by telephone in Qinhuangdao, and asked to meet Guo, but Guo Songling declined. On 27th, Zhang Xueliang wrote a personal letter to Guo, and Japanese doctor Shoutian went to Changli to deliver the letter to Guo Songling.
After the letter was sent, there was still no reply. 1925165438+1October 27th, Zhang Xueliang sent Yi 'e to contact Shoutian for the second time, hoping that Guo Songling would stop its military operations first, and if necessary, they could negotiate. Guo Songling made a reply this time and proposed the following armistice conditions: (1) Guiyue, Shandong; (2) Zhili belongs to Feng Yuxiang; (3) Rehe belongs to Prunus; (4) Guo Huifeng was in power and ruled the Northeast.
At this point, the purpose of Guo Songling's anti-bong is very clear. He wants to monopolize the three northeastern provinces, so as to realize his goal of transforming the three northeastern provinces. Zhang Xueliang felt that the work of persuading Guo was a complete failure, and he no longer had illusions. Therefore, they sent planes to drop leaflets in Jun Guo, exposing Guo Songling's defection by stealing his own name and condemning his ingratitude.
1925 At the beginning of February, 1925, Guo Songling led an army to Shenyang, and the battle was in a fierce white-hot state, which required the support of Feng Yuxiang and Li. But at this time, Feng Yuxiang suddenly led an army to attack Li's troops. Li, the military supervisor in Zhili, was also the contact object of Guo Songling against Feng. Before the war in Guo Songling, Li had announced that he had left Feng Department and joined the United front of Feng Yuxiang and Guo Songling, and Feng Yuxiang was also happy about it. At this time, Feng Yuxiang attacked Li in order to expand his territory, robbed Zhili's territory, and occupied Tianjin as a seaport. Guo Songling fell into a situation of fighting alone. Not only that, Feng Yuxiang felt that he had a chance when he started fighting in Guo Songling and watched the war in the west of the Jehol. He suddenly sent his troops and seized the Jehol. [4]
This infighting left Guo Songling, who was fighting Zhang frontal in Liaoning, isolated and helpless, and Guo was finally defeated in Baiqibao.
Quoted from Baidu Encyclopedia