Summary of content

Abstract: The warehousing system is an indispensable subsystem in enterprise logistics. The overall goal of the logistics system is to provide customer-satisfying services at the lowest cost, and the warehousing system It plays an important role in this. Efficient and reasonable warehousing can help manufacturers speed up the flow of materials, reduce costs, ensure the smooth progress of production, and achieve effective control and management of resources. The development of warehousing has gone through different historical periods and stages, from the original manual warehousing to the current intelligent warehousing. Through the support of various high and new technologies for warehousing, the efficiency of warehousing has been greatly improved. This article introduces the development history of warehousing and the role of warehousing in the logistics system. It takes Tianjin Keyun International Logistics as an example to analyze the problems existing in its warehousing management and proposes solutions.

Keywords: Logistics warehousing warehouse management problems and solutions

Abstract: warehousing system is a necessary part of company logistics. the aim of logistic system is to provide satisfactory service for comsumers with lowest cost.warehousing system plays an important role in the logistic.effective and sensible warehouse can help manufacturer accelerate flows of product, reduce cost, guarantee manufacturing and realize the control and management of asset.warehousing system has been changing, from an original artifical warehouse to intellect warehouse.the efficiency of warehouse has been improved by hi-tech support.this assay is about the development of warehousing and its effect in the logistics system by taking tianjin keyun international logistics company as an example and analyze its problems and addressing solutions to these problems.

Key word: logistic warehouse Warehouse Management solution

A brief discussion on the warehouse management of **International Logistics Group

Introduction

Warehousing has appeared since the beginning of production activities. It is an important part of production activities and has developed with the development of production. It has gone through different stages in its development process. With the rise of my country's manufacturing industry, the logistics industry has also developed rapidly. Warehousing has attracted more and more widespread attention from manufacturers and society, which has greatly promoted people's research on warehousing theory and gradually developed and improved it, thus becoming an independent discipline. disciplines. The development of modern business competition is constantly changing the role of traditional warehouses. One of the most obvious changes is that the warehouse is no longer regarded as just a storage place for goods. It is now a distribution center (Distribution Center), which transfers goods to Consumers, the channel that transfers parts to manufacturing plants.

In the past, people did not understand how much efficiency and benefits this channel concealed, or they turned a blind eye to its functions due to environmental limitations; today, fierce competition among enterprises no longer allows operators to easily give up any opportunity to increase efficiency. Warehouse management has become an indispensable part of logistics supply chain management.

1. The development process of warehousing

1.1 Manual and mechanized warehousing stage

At this stage, the transportation, warehousing, management and control of materials mainly rely on manual and Auxiliary machinery is used to achieve this. Materials can be moved and handled through a variety of conveyor belts, industrial conveyors, manipulators, cranes, stackers and elevators, using shelf pallets and removable shelves to store materials, through manual operation of mechanical access equipment, and using limit switches , spiral mechanical brake and mechanical monitor and other control equipment to operate. Mechanization meets people's requirements for speed, precision, height, weight, repeated access and handling, and its real-time and intuitive nature are obvious advantages.

1.2 Automated warehousing stage

Automation technology has played an important role in promoting warehousing technology and development. Since the late 1950s, systems such as automatic guided vehicles (AVG), automatic shelves, automatic access robots, automatic identification and automatic sorting have been developed and adopted. By the 1970s, rotary shelves, mobile shelves, tunnel stackers and other handling equipment had all joined the ranks of automatic control, but only partial automation of each equipment and their independent application, known as "islands of automation."

With the development of computer technology, the focus of work has shifted to the control and management of materials, requiring real-time, coordination and integration. Communication between computers, between data collection points, between controllers of mechanical equipment, and between them and the main computer can summarize information in a timely manner. The warehouse computer records ordering and arrival times in a timely manner, displays inventory, and planners can Make supply decisions conveniently, and managers can keep track of supply and demand at any time.

The application of information technology has become an important pillar of warehousing technology. By the late 1970s, automation technology was increasingly being applied to production and distribution. "Automation islands" need to be integrated, so the concept of "integrated systems" was formed. In an integrated system, the organic collaboration of the entire system makes the overall benefits and production adaptability greatly exceed the sum of the independent benefits of each part. Integrated warehouse technology has attracted people's attention as the center of material storage in the Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS-Computer Integrated Manufacturing System). The integrated system includes people, equipment and control systems.

1.3 Intelligent warehousing stage

Continue research on the basis of automated warehousing, realize integration with other information decision-making systems, and develop in the direction of intelligent and fuzzy control, driven by artificial intelligence It has led to the development of warehousing technology, namely intelligent warehousing. At present, intelligent warehousing technology is still in its initial stage of development, and the intelligence of warehousing technology in the 21st century will have broad application prospects.

2. The important role of warehousing in the enterprise logistics system

The important role of warehousing in the enterprise logistics system is mainly reflected in the following aspects

2.1 Reduce Transportation costs and improving transportation efficiency

Large-scale, vehicle-loaded transportation will bring about transportation economy. In terms of supply logistics, most companies purchase raw materials in small batches from multiple suppliers and transport them to warehouses, then consolidate them into boxes and transport them to the factory as a whole vehicle. Since the truckload transportation rate is lower than the LTL transportation rate, this will greatly reduce transportation costs and improve transportation efficiency. In terms of sales logistics, companies transport products from various factories to market warehouses in large quantities, and then transport small batches to the market or customers according to customer requirements. The role of this kind of warehouse is not only for LCL shipment, but also for product consolidation according to customer requirements. In addition, the transportation volumes of various transportation tools vary greatly, and the transportation capacity between them is very inconsistent. Therefore, the warehouse also has the function of adjusting the difference in transportation capacity.

2.2 Product Integration

If factors such as color, size, shape, etc. are taken into account, a product line of an enterprise includes thousands of different products, which are often produced in different factories. , companies can assemble, assemble, and package products in warehouses according to customer requirements, and then ship them to customers around the world.

Otherwise, filling orders from different factories will result in different lead times. In addition to meeting the product integration needs of customer orders, warehouses are also very economical for companies that use raw materials or spare parts to combine raw materials or spare parts from different sources from the supply warehouse and transport the entire vehicle to the factory to meet demand. .

Simple storage and custody warehouses are far from being able to meet the needs of production and market. Adding the functions of distribution and circulation processing, and developing towards the direction of circulation warehouses, has become a development direction of modern warehouses.

2.3 Support the enterprise's sales service

The warehouse is reasonably close to the customer so that the product reaches the customer in a timely manner, which will improve customer satisfaction and expand the enterprise's sales. This is very important for the enterprise's production This is especially important for finished product warehouses.

2.4 Adjust supply and demand

Since there is more or less a time or space difference between production and consumption, warehousing can improve the time utility of products and adjust balanced production and concentrated consumption. , or the time contradiction between balanced consumption and concentrated production.

3. Current situation of **International Logistics Group

**Logistics was founded in May 1993. Since its establishment, it has always adhered to the "people-oriented, efficient and pragmatic, and first-class creation of the future" ” corporate purpose. Forge ahead with determination, strive unremittingly, strive to develop and actively innovate. The company continues to grow and develop. The group now has a number of subsidiaries, and has set up branches in large and medium-sized ports, major cities, and the mainland across the country. Through international cooperation, it has gradually expanded its extended services to major ports and cities on the five continents of the world, thus forming a We have a strong customer service network and have gradually formed a huge logistics service system covering the whole country and radiating around the world.

Currently, the group’s businesses include international transportation agency, shipping agency, container yard, bonded warehouse, land transportation for import and export goods by sea and air, providing door-to-door services and electronic data exchange technology Serve. In order to integrate with internationalization, the company has successively joined domestic and international industry associations such as CIFA (China International Freight Forwarders Association), WCA (World Freight Alliance), CGLN (China Global Logistics Network), FIATA (International Freight Federation), and passed British Standards Institute ISO9001 quality certification. At the same time, Keyun Logistics also has all the service platforms that a large professional logistics company should have. These include: national first-class freight forwarder, NVOCC qualification, international shipping agent, first-class air transport agent, customs supervision warehouse, member of the U.S. Federal Maritime Commission, etc.

**The development goal of logistics is to be based in China. Relying on complete industry qualifications, complete logistics platforms, intensive international and domestic service networks, group advantages and e-commerce platforms in line with future development trends, we provide domestic and foreign customers with increasingly complete logistics solutions.

IV. **The current status and reasons of the existing logistics warehousing system

4.1 The modernization level of the warehouse is low and the equipment is outdated

Many are still in the The original state was dominated by manual work, with people lifting their shoulders to resist, and work efficiency was low. Goods cannot come in or out, stay in the warehouse for too long, or are damaged, mildewed, or severely damaged due to poor storage, which increases logistics costs. This is related to the economic strength and long-term planning of the enterprise. Enterprises build warehouses only as a place to store goods, so the requirements for equipment modernization are very low. Moreover, cheap labor forces enterprises to give up the plan of modifying equipment. The manual work of the bags prevents personnel from being idle. "Don't be afraid of being slow, just be afraid of standing still." "The thought is deeply ingrained in people's minds and reduces work efficiency.

4.2 The layout of the warehouse is unreasonable

Due to the uncertainty of corporate business, different types of scattered items occupy a large warehouse area, greatly reducing the utilization rate of the warehouse; and the piles The codes and partitions are very confusing, which brings a lot of inconvenience to warehousing, inventory, etc. Often the custodian has to search back and forth in the warehouse with a pick-up list, which affects work efficiency, distribution, and service quality.

4.3 Inventory costs are too large

The company currently does not have a set of inventory control strategies, including economic order quantity, receipt interval, receipt point, safety or insurance inventory, etc. When the supply of certain items exceeds demand, it causes a backlog, which wastes manpower, material and financial resources; when the supply exceeds demand and a shortage occurs, it hinders the normal production and sales of the enterprise, not only causing economic losses, but also causing the enterprise to lose credibility. .

On the other hand, there are inventories caused by damage, deterioration and failure to process claims for goods in a timely manner. The company's warehousing department and customer service department are not closely connected, information transmission is slow, the process of document processing and layer-by-layer reporting and approval of damaged or qualitatively changed goods is complicated, and there is even mutual shirk due to unclear responsibilities, all of which lead to an increase in inventory. Increase in Yamato inventory costs.

4.4 The warehouse management information system is incomplete, and its degree of informatization and networking is low

This is affected by factors such as the company's economic strength, personnel quality, and modernization awareness. Now, the enterprise's storage and transportation department only has one computer, which can only complete tasks such as receiving orders, recording accounts, processing return orders, reporting losses, returning the factory, and making inquiries. The workload is large and complex, prone to errors, and it also affects It provides information transfer and inventory management control in the entire management chain.

4.5 Low quality of employees

Keyun Logistics has a huge disparity in the recruitment of personnel. Grassroots employees cannot accept the ideas of senior managers, leading to work errors and even conflicts. Emotions, grassroots employees pretend to be pretentious during the learning and training process, and they muddle through their work. Working time has become entertainment time. Some employees also bring home tasks to work. They have a lax style and do not devote themselves to their jobs, let alone Creativity and positivity.

In view of these current situations, how can enterprises fully realize their potential in a wide range of spaces so as not to be eliminated? I believe that in addition to introducing advanced technology and talents, integrating marketing, establishing a concept of global competition, exploring international markets, and taking the road of international operations, it is more important for enterprises to implement internal reforms based on the characteristics and advantages of the enterprise, while improving management and introducing While improving technology, we should also strengthen the cultural construction of the enterprise, so as to promote the rapid development of Keyun Logistics.

5. Suggestions and methods for rational transformation of enterprise warehousing systems

5.1 Pay attention to the technological transformation of original warehouses and accelerate the modernization of warehousing

The current logistics industry Warehouse types are mainly divided into raw material and finished product warehouses in production logistics and strategic warehouses in sales logistics. Most companies prefer to adopt a three-dimensional warehouse model that combines racks with narrow aisles and high-level driving of three-way stacking forklifts. On this basis, based on actual needs, we try to introduce advanced foreign warehousing management experience and modern logistics technology to effectively improve the storage, distribution efficiency and service quality of the warehouse.

5.2 Improve warehouse functions and gradually realize the socialization of warehouses

Accelerating the diversification of warehouse functions is an objective requirement for the development of the market economy. It is also an objective requirement for warehouses to increase service functions, improve service levels, and enhance competition. It is an important way to realize the socialization of warehouses. Under the conditions of market economy, warehouses should no longer be just a place to store goods, but should also undertake functions such as cargo classification, selection, sorting, processing, packaging, and agency sales. They should also become a place that integrates business flow, logistics, and information flow. Commodity distribution center and circulation center. Now in developed countries such as the United States and Japan, original warehouses have basically been converted into circulation, processing and distribution centers for goods. Based on the current scale and strength of Keyun Logistics, existing warehouses should be transformed into inventory-type distribution centers with unified distribution. After the goods enter the distribution center, they are first classified and stored, and then sorted, inspected, and inspected according to customer requirements. Final delivery. This kind of distribution operation is simple. You only need to unbundle the incoming goods and store them in units of pallets in each warehouse area.

5.3 Establish a complete warehouse management system

The bankruptcy of Kmart in the United States once again warns companies that have problems with inventory management that they will eventually inevitably go bankrupt. Keyun Logistics also suffers from poor inventory management to varying degrees. Various expired and slow-moving inventory and receivables make the company difficult to move forward. Therefore, the construction of Keyun logistics management must solve the inefficiency of inventory management, reduce inventory costs and the risk of unsalable inventory, and solve the problem of information transmission in the entire management chain.

Successful experience shows that WMS is a low-risk, high-return option, and its investment payback period usually does not exceed one and a half years, and some even take less than one year. For this reason, WMS is favored by the world and is widely used in Fortune 500 companies. Its application industries are also very wide, including the pharmaceutical industry, food industry, printing plants, fashion and apparel industry, publishing industry, telecommunications industry and hardware manufacturing. wait.

Use the world's latest and most advanced information management system to strengthen the company's internal management and control capabilities, conduct reasonable and scientific integration of the supply chain that runs through all aspects of the company's production, supply and marketing, and create a highly shared data platform for remote data Carry out safe and efficient transmission and processing to provide decision-makers with effective basic data for prediction, control and analysis. A study conducted by the "Warehouse Education and Research Association" shows that the best warehouse operation mechanism can achieve an order accuracy rate of 99.9% and an on-time shipment rate of 99.2%. "Zero error" is considered an acceptable goal.

If logistics hardware equipment is like the human body, then logistics software solutions constitute human wisdom and soul. The combination of spirit and body is the complete human being. In the same way, if you want to build an advanced logistics system and improve the level of logistics management, logistics equipment alone is not enough.

Currently, the widespread application of Internet technology has caused unprecedented changes in business models around the world. Every enterprise is facing the challenge of rebuilding supply chain management, especially logistics processes. Only by restructuring or optimizing supply chain management and reducing operating costs can companies be competitive enough to survive in their respective markets. The advanced and mature logistics information system is the integration of many years of experience of many industry experts. It is the fusion and crystallization of good management ideas. It can help enterprises optimize business processes, reduce logistics costs, improve the transparency of the supply chain, and ensure accurate and timely delivery of goods. Ultimately, Improving customer service levels and thereby gaining customer loyalty is the core competitiveness of an enterprise.

According to data provided by the Ministry of Information Industry of China, the logistics cost of Chinese enterprises is about 18%, while it is only 9% in the United States. With the help of good logistics software, the logistics cost of Chinese enterprises can be reduced to 10%. about. Such as EXE's warehouse management software, which supports online and offline warehouse management and is suitable for e-commerce needs. Another example is the warehouse management software provided by Australia's PULSE Logistics System Company. In addition to managing the quantity and location of inventory goods, it also pays more attention to optimizing various resources in warehousing, such as human resources, logistics equipment resources, etc., through RF equipment and scanners. and other material handling equipment to realize the operation management of goods, personnel, and logistics equipment. Practice has shown that the benefits brought to customers by using the PULSE warehouse management system are significant: it can shorten picking time by 50%, reduce direct labor costs by more than 40%, increase warehouse space utilization by 20%, and reduce inventory levels by 15%. Customers Reported warehouse errors dropped to zero. Keyun Logistics can selectively learn from these software based on its own economic strength and development needs.

5.4 Reduce operating links

Each operating link requires a certain amount of living labor and materialized labor consumption. Modern technical means and scientific management methods should be used to reduce some operating links as much as possible. , which will not only speed up the progress of the operation, but also help reduce costs.

5.4.1 Adopt the method of “call directly from the factory”

? Call directly from the factory. Enterprises can directly pick up the goods from the pharmaceutical factory according to the order requirements. After acceptance, the goods will be directly transported to various stores or sales units without going through the warehouse.

?Dial the car directly. For goods shipped from other places, enterprises can arrange short-distance transportation in advance, distribute them at the side of the original vehicle, load them into other vehicles, and transfer them to the receiving unit, eliminating the need for warehousing and then transporting them out of the country.

The above two methods not only reduce all operations in warehousing, but also reduce storage costs.

5.4.2 Reduce loading and unloading links

To improve loading and unloading operations, we must try to improve the mechanization of loading and unloading operations, and we must also achieve continuity of operations as much as possible to improve loading and unloading efficiency. , shorten loading and unloading time and reduce logistics costs. The rationalization measures include:

?Prevent and eliminate ineffective operations. Minimizing the number of loading and unloading, striving to improve the purity of the items being loaded and unloaded, and choosing the shortest operating route can prevent and eliminate ineffective operations.

?Improve the loading, unloading and handling activity index of items.

When stacking items, companies should consider the convenience of loading, unloading and handling operations in advance, and put the classified items together on pallets. Storage in pallet units not only facilitates loading, unloading and transportation, but also ensures safe keeping of items.

Actively and prudently use the principle of gravity to save labor in loading and unloading operations

Loading and unloading cause vertical and horizontal displacement of items, which must be completed through work. Since the current level of mechanization of loading and unloading in our country is not high, many manual operations are still required and the labor intensity is high. Therefore, gravity must be used for loading and unloading when conditions permit, and small powered conveyor belts (plates) are placed diagonally on trucks, trucks, etc. Loading and unloading are carried out on trucks so that items move on inclined conveyor belts (plates), which reduces labor intensity and energy consumption. Carry out correct facility layout

Adopt "L" and "U" shaped layouts to ensure a single flow direction of items, which not only avoids detours and reverse flow of items, but also reduces handling links.

5.4.3 Reduce return costs

Returns will incur a series of logistics fees, costs incurred due to damaged or unsalable returned goods, and personnel costs required to process returned goods, etc. Various transaction costs, and due to the small quantity and wide variety of returned goods, distribution costs tend to increase, and the processing business is also very complicated. These costs constitute an important part of the enterprise's logistics costs and must be controlled.

To control return costs, you must first analyze the reasons for returns. Generally speaking, as long as you understand the sales status of the company's products in stores and customer ordering status, make short-term sales forecasts, and adjust the company's product quantity and Categories can fundamentally solve the problem of returns caused by users. In addition, the reasons for returns should be found out from the perspective of the company. In order to pursue the largest sales target, companies often blindly promote goods to end users, regardless of the actual sales status of the goods and problems that may arise during sales. As a result, circulation in the warehouse Increase, sluggish sales, and high return costs. Therefore, companies should change their one-sided pursuit of sales target strategies and implement sales promotion strategies to increase final demand while tracking final demand trends and circulation inventory.

Related to the above issues, to fundamentally prevent return costs, companies must also change the employee performance evaluation system, that is, instead of using employees’ monthly sales as the basis for rewards and punishments, they must examine the user’s inventory status At the same time, the annual average monthly sales of employees is used as the incentive standard, so as to improve operating efficiency while preventing returns. Of course, the system must also clearly divide the responsibilities for returns, correct the work attitude of employees, and deliver goods accurately according to user requirements.

5.4.4 Other specific operational requirements

Goods that have passed strict quality inspection and entered into the warehouse should be stored in separate areas. Refrigerated products are stored according to the required temperature. The cool warehouse is less than 20°C, and the normal temperature warehouse is 0--30°C. The suitable temperature range is 60%--75%, and the temperature range is 2-10°C. Regular inspections are carried out in the morning and afternoon and adjustments are made in time.

The stacking is neat, with reasonable five spacings (bottom, wall, top, column, room), and no inversions.

Different batch numbers are not mixed. When unavoidable, the mixing time shall not exceed 1 month.

Special warehouse/counter for special management goods, double locks for two people, special account records, and the account items are consistent.

Clean the warehouse regularly and keep the warehouse clean and orderly. Labor tools and packaging items are placed in designated locations.

Carry out regular maintenance inspections on the goods in the warehouse and keep maintenance records.

Strictly control the quality of the goods leaving the warehouse and keep a good review record account.

Damaged goods are stored in the damaged warehouse area, controlled and managed, reported according to procedures, and the causes are identified and dealt with in a timely manner.

5.4.5 Cultivate warehousing technical talents and strengthen logistics management

To transform, we must start with the introduction of high-quality talents and training of corporate employees. While broadly absorbing useful talents from society, It is also necessary to accelerate the improvement of the business skills and moral quality of existing personnel and establish a high-quality and high-tech workforce.

5.4.6 Accelerate the establishment of a modern enterprise system

The integration of modern logistics functions, the systematization of services and the standardization of operations are all inseparable from the constraints of the system, so it is said as soon as possible It is crucial to establish a modern enterprise system.

At present, the warehousing of Keyun Logistics has formed the phenomenon of dragging, pushing, laziness and scattering, and there is no distinction between responsibilities, rights and interests. If we want to break the old concept, we must introduce a strong concept of market economy and establish and strengthen the awareness of reform and opening up ideologically. , establish a sense of vigorous and resolute work style, establish a sense of hard work and entrepreneurship in spirit, etc., replace the old management model with a modern enterprise management system, and standardize every operating link, procedure and responsible person.

Conclusion

With the development of the logistics industry, warehousing has become an important link in the entire logistics system, playing a connecting role in the enterprise. Through the analysis of ** Logistics Group Co., Ltd. Analyzing the current situation of the warehouse, it is not difficult to see that warehouse management is not as simple as imagined. Reasonable warehouse management needs to be optimized from multiple aspects and levels. The warehouse requires a lot of manpower and material resources from the time the goods are put into the warehouse to the time they are shipped out. Only communication with multiple departments can maintain the continuous circulation of the logistics system supply chain. From this, we can see the importance and indispensability of the warehousing system in the logistics system. Compared with developed countries, domestic warehousing is still at a low level in the logistics industry. In the backward stage, we need to improve our awareness of warehousing and keep up with the international pace to further improve the logistics system. This will enable my country's logistics industry to maintain a long-term development path.