Technical specification for preservation of stone specimen resources

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Stone tools are an important part of ancient human cultural relics, and are the basic materials and valuable scientific wealth for paleolithic archaeological research. In order to ensure the correct and effective storage, safe, clean and orderly preservation, and rapid and accurate call of stone products, the preservation unit needs to operate according to strict and standardized working procedures. In order to unify the working procedures and data arrangement norms of various preservation units, give full play to the research, display and use value of specimens, and adapt to the standardization requirements of specimen arrangement on the national science and technology basic platform, the Technical Specification for the Preservation of Stone Specimen Resources is specially formulated to standardize and guide the preservation procedures of stone specimens.

The preservation procedures of stone tools resources include receiving and registering, filing and setting up cards, entering into databases, placing specimens in boxes or trays, placing cabinets, daily maintenance, specimen query or borrowing management, specimen repositioning, making molds and models, etc.

This regulation was drafted by the Institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences according to the practical experience of preserving stone products in the specimen room of our hospital. In the process of drafting this regulation, we referred to the experience and practice of similar herbarium in the world, and invited professionals to put forward valuable opinions on classification and data collation.

Appendices A-F of this regulation are normative appendices, and appendices G-K are informative appendices.

This provision was put forward by the National Platform for Basic Conditions of Science and Technology.

Drafting unit of this regulation: vertebrate paleontology Institute, Institute of Paleoanthropology, China Academy of Sciences.

Drafters of this Regulation: Liu Liping and Lou Yushan.

This regulation is interpreted by the national rock and mineral fossil specimen resource sharing platform.

1 range

This procedure specifies the working procedures and technical requirements for specimen preservation of stone products.

This procedure is applicable to the preservation of stone specimens in universities or museums.

2 normative reference documents

The clauses in the following documents become clauses of this specification by referring to this specification. For dated reference documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this Regulation. However, all parties who have reached an agreement in accordance with these provisions are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated reference documents, the latest edition is applicable to this regulation.

GB/T2260—2007 Administrative Division Code of the People's Republic of China

GB/T9649.9—2009 Classification Code of Geology and Mineral Terms Part 9: Crystallography and Mineralogy

Gb/t16571-2012 requirements for the security system of museums and cultural relics protection units.

3 Terms and definitions

3. 1 stone cultural relics

Stone tool is the scientific name of stone tool, and it is the general name of stone tools and their series products produced by human beings in paleolithic archaeological research. Stone products are the general name of all stones produced by human beings after deliberate attack and processing.

3.2 Stone model (casting)

Stone model refers to the imitation with the same shape, structure and size as the original stone specimen.

3.3 Stone Mould (Mould)

An outer mold made of silicone rubber or resin for stone specimens. The outer mold is filled with gypsum, resin or other filling materials, and the mold is made after the filling is cured. The model is generally colored according to the physical object, which has the same visual effect as the physical object and can be used as a substitute for the physical object.

4 composition and working procedures of stone product resource preservation

4. 1 Composition of resource protection of stone products

Stone products resources belong to the protection scope of the national cultural relics law. Professional institutions should set up special management departments for management, set up fixed storage space, equipped with fire-proof, anti-theft, moisture-proof, dust-proof and sun-proof equipment and measures, equipped with fixed management personnel, and establish corresponding management systems.

4.2 warehouse requirements

Specimen warehouse should have fire prevention, anti-theft, moisture-proof, dust-proof, sun protection and other equipment and measures.

1) Fire prevention: ① Set relevant signs such as no smoking and no smoking; (2) Open fire is prohibited in the warehouse, and smokers or those carrying fire-fighting appliances (matches, lighters) are prohibited from entering; (3) It is forbidden to use electric furnaces; (4) It is forbidden to store oil, gasified, inflammable and explosive articles, and the staff must check them regularly; (5) It is forbidden to overload the electrical equipment, and it is forbidden to run the electrical equipment in spite of illness; ⑥ Regularly inspect and maintain the electrical equipment, switches and switches in the warehouse, and eliminate the faults in time when found; ⑦ After the fire fighting equipment is equipped, the staff should be familiar with the location and usage of the equipment, and do a good job of daily cleaning and maintenance to ensure that the equipment is in good condition and effective.

2) Anti-theft: ① Install anti-theft door, security window and electronic monitoring system; (2) In and out of the specimen warehouse should be accompanied by someone, and registered; (3) Remember to lock the door when entering or leaving the warehouse, and check the warehouse regularly; (4) important and typical specimens should be put in the safe.

3) Moisture-proof: ① Install thermometer and hygrometer to keep abreast of the changes of temperature and humidity in the warehouse; (2) Set ventilation and dehumidification equipment (such as ventilator and dehumidifier), and open the window frequently to keep the indoor air fresh.

4) Dust prevention: ① Clean and keep the warehouse clean and tidy; (2) Before putting the specimen into the specimen cabinet, make the specimen and specimen box clean and tidy; (3) The window of the specimen library should be fitted with curtains; (4) Specimens and specimen cabinets should avoid direct sunlight.

4.3 Basic working procedures for stone product preservation

The preservation procedures of stone products resources include receiving and registering, filing and setting up cards, entering into databases, placing specimens in boxes or trays, placing cabinets, routine maintenance, specimen query or borrowing management, specimen repositioning, making molds and models, etc.

5 stone product acceptance registration

In principle, all specimens and models (tools) of stone products collected, excavated and collected by the staff of this unit in China, or exchanged with research institutions at home and abroad, and obtained by giving or transferring, etc. belong to the receiving scope. Specimens should be carefully arranged before storage, so that each specimen can meet the basic requirements of complete information, cleanliness and clear label. Generally, the published specimens handed in by the researchers of our unit have been effectively sorted, and some unpublished specimens or specimens from other units may not have been carefully sorted, so they need to be sorted and labeled according to the sorting procedure (see the Technical Specification for the Arrangement of Stone Specimen Resources for the sorting process). See appendix a for the label format.

When receiving the specimen, the administrator should give the handover personnel a specimen receipt. See appendix b for the receipt, and the recipient column should be signed by the administrator.

6. Set up a file and set up a card

The collection unit shall establish the corresponding inventory specimen data files, including:

A) published research papers.

B) sample number register.

C) field position number register.

D) Exchange of specimens and model registers.

E) registration of lent specimens.

F) Outreach sample data.

G) Model and mold data of the inventory samples.

H) Records of samples returned by retirees, etc.

The information provided by the stored specimens should be reflected in the corresponding data.

In order to facilitate the retrieval of preserved specimens, each specimen should be made into three types of inquiry cards: specimen number card, place card and classification card, which are classified according to specimen number, place name and stone product classification respectively to meet the different requirements of users for specimen inquiry. Please refer to the card form in appendix C.

7 input database

Conditional and well-stocked units should establish a collection specimen management database and share it through the network. In order to ensure data security, it is suggested to set up two servers, namely, an internal network server and an external network server. Intranet server is the main server for data entry and storage, while extranet server regularly copies data from intranet server, and extranet server realizes network sharing. The data structure of the database can be established according to the needs of the company. See Appendix D for the main contents. ..

Eight samples are placed in a box or tray.

Specimens are usually stored separately in special specimen boxes or trays. Specimen boxes and trays can be made in different sizes to accommodate specimens of different sizes. There are many specifications of the specimen box. Each unit can customize the specimen box according to the actual situation and funding conditions, and it is best to use a transparent plexiglass box with a cover. Specimens that are too big and overweight are not suitable to be placed in plexiglass boxes, and plastic or paper trays can be used. For very small specimens, it is generally necessary to pad tissue paper or soft cloth in the box to make the specimens more stable in the box and avoid collision. The label is placed with the specimen in the specimen box or tray.

9 stored in the cupboard

Specimens should have a fixed storage device, preferably a special specimen cabinet. The specimen cabinet can be selected according to the storage space and funds of the storage unit, and pay attention to dust prevention, load bearing and safety. See appendices g and h for the types and specifications of common specimen cabinets.

The discharge of specimens in the specimen cabinet requires a relatively fixed position and law. Once the placement order is determined, it should be stable for a long time and easy to find and manage.

It is suggested that the site (place of origin) should be the first order, and when there are multiple cultural layers in the same site (year), the cultural layer should be the second order, and the stone tools should be classified and placed in the same cultural layer.

10 daily maintenance

Managers should regularly check the specimens and reinforce them regularly. See Appendix 1 for the formula of the reinforcement liquid (as the raw materials of the reinforcement liquid are flammable, the reinforcement of the specimen must be carried out in a special room).

Regularly check the preservation, protection and safety of warehouse specimens, and handle problems in time when found; If the specimen is damaged, it should be handed over to the repair department for repair.

If problems are found in the feedback information of samples borrowed by researchers, measures should be taken in time to strengthen the samples or correct the sample information.

1 1 specimen query and lending management

A) Visitors must fill in the registration form for inquiring or borrowing specimens. See appendix e for the contents of the form.

B) When borrowing specimens or models, you must go through the outbound formalities, fill in the borrowing form, and then input it into the computer for archiving (the first-class specimens can only be observed in the museum and not taken out of the warehouse). See appendix f for the contents of the loan registration form.

C) The researchers in our institute borrow specimens for six months; If an extension is needed, a new application must be made for an extension of another six months. Specimens must be returned after one year, and then re-apply for borrowing.

D) Generally, the personnel from other units can only observe the specimens in the museum, and cannot check them out.

E) Foreign guests and personnel from other units who have cooperative projects with the researchers of this unit must go through the borrowing procedures by the relevant personnel of this unit when borrowing specimens during their work in the Institute.

F) All personnel of this unit who have been abroad for more than six months should return all the lent specimens before going abroad.

G) management personnel should regularly collect specimens from specimen borrowers. After collection, managers should also fill in the return date and sign the specimen borrowing registration form.

H) When collecting specimens, check the preservation of the specimens. If the specimen is damaged, the borrower has the responsibility to repair it.

12 sample in place.

After taking back the specimen, the administrator should relocate the specimen according to the original specimen storage location.

13 making models or molds

Specimens will inevitably be damaged or even lost during use or lending, which may cause irreparable losses. Making a model can prevent or reduce this loss to some extent. For first-class specimens, a special warehouse or specimen cabinet can be set up to store high-definition photos. The lending of specimens requires a strict auditing system. Except for senior researchers in our unit, others can only borrow models to prevent them from being lost. Other important specimens should also be modeled in advance before exhibition and lending. Models and molds should also be effectively classified and managed:

A) See Technical Specification for Arrangement of Stone Specimen Resources for model and numbering rules. Except for the difference of classifier, the model and specimen number should be consistent.

B) Input the information related to the model (see Appendix J) into the computer for archiving.

C) Put the model into the designated specimen cabinet.

D) The mold number can be directly used as the original sample number.

E) Input the mould related information into the computer for archiving. See appendix k for relevant information.

F) Put the mold into the designated sample cabinet.

Appendix a

(normative appendix)

Marking of stone specimens

Table A. 1 Label of stone samples

Appendix b

(normative appendix)

Sample receipt