First of all, when it comes to asymmetric passwords, I must immediately jump out of the story of Alice and Bob.

Everyone must be familiar with public keys and private keys, so I won't go into details here.

Next, we mainly sort out the relationship between "digital signature" and "digital certificate":

To sum up, a digital certificate is a public key certified by CA, while a private key is generally generated locally by the certificate holder and kept by the certificate holder himself.

1, digital signature

? (hash) (private key)

Information? → ? Abstract? → ? digital signature

2. Digital certificates

References:

1)/blog/20 1 1/08/what _ is _ a _ digital _ signature . html？ (concise and easy to understand)

2)/ Chen Hongbin/Articles/Details /6678635? (More detailed and formal)