Poems of ancient buildings in southern Fujian

1. Ask for some poems about Minnan and wine.

Bai Juyi said in a suggestion to his friend Liu

There is red stirring in the quiet stove, new wine baked by green ants, and there is a feeling of snow in the evening outside. How about a glass of wine inside? ?

Li Bai broke up in a hotel in Nanjing

A gust of wind blew and the catkins were fragrant. Wu Ji suppressed the wine and advised the guests to enjoy it. Comrades in my city came to see me off. When each of them drank his glass, I said to him when leaving.

Oh, ask this river flowing eastward, whether it can go further than the love of friends! ?

Weicheng district Wang Wei

The rain in the early morning moistened the dust of the land, the inn of the inn, the branches and leaves of the inn, and a new leaf Sincerely advise friends to drink a glass of wine, and it is difficult to meet their loved ones when they go out to Yang Guan in the west.

Master Chu of Xinfeng, Guangxi

Master Xinfeng's new wine is ripe, and old customers return to the old hall. Full of fragrance, with flowers to build the north, yingzun color pan-nanxuan bamboo.

When the clouds cleared and the moon was clear, the girl in the club solved Qin Zheng. Drunk and forgotten Baling Road, I suspected Luoyang City in my dream.

Liangzhou Ci William Wang

Wine luminous glass, want to drink pipa right away. Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times?

Juvenile Li Bai

Wuling teenager, Jinshi Dong, silver saddle and white horse with spring breeze. Where the fallen flowers swim, laughing into the Huji wine shop.

Li Bai of Shu Yun and Xie Lou of Xuanzhou sent off school books.

Those who dislike me can't stay yesterday, and those who disturb my heart are more worried about today. Autumn geese are escorted by Changfeng, and I treat them in this villa and drink my wine.

The bones of great writers are all your brushes. In Tianyuan, I grew up beside you, Xiao Xie. We all yearn for the distance and want to go to the blue sky to embrace the bright moon. But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with our swords and raise our glasses to drown our sorrows. Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow.

Li Bai, guest line

Lanling wine tulips, jade bowls filled with amber light. But I got the host drunk and didn't know where it was.

Li Bai drinks the bright moon alone

Flowers in the next pot of wine, no friends, drink alone. Raise my cup, I invite the bright moon, which brings me its shadow and makes us three people.

The moon doesn't know how to drink, but the shadow in front of it is behind. I have to mingle with them and enjoy the happiness of spring.

The song I sing is bright and wandering, and I dance the shadow before wandering. Wake up and be happy together, and disperse after drunkenness.

I am willing to stay with them forever and forget the harm of friendship, just like the Milky Way.

Xi Wenhua Gate Hotel Weng Cen Can

The old man, who is 70 years old, is still selling wine, putting thousands of flagons and jars in his flower mouth. Elm pods on the roadside are still like money. Will you pick them to sell wine?

When seeing Li Shaofu off, he lived comfortably in the guest house.

Meet the hotel, meaning more violation, Yin Fei at dusk and early snow. The master won't return until he is drunk. Do you want to go home at dusk?

To Wei Ba, Chu Shi and Du Fu.

It is almost as difficult for friends to meet each other as the stars in the morning and evening. Tonight is a rare event, and this lamp is candlelight.

Two men who were young not long ago, but now their temples are gray! It shocked us to find that half of our friends had died, which made us sad.

We didn't expect that it would be twenty years before I could come to see you again. You were unmarried when I left, but now these boys and girls are in a row.

They were very kind to their father's old friends. They asked me where I went during the trip. Then, when we talked for a while, our daughter drank wine.

Spring leeks are cut in the night rain, and the morning cooking room. My host announced that it was a festival, and he urged me to drink ten cups.

But what kind of ten glasses of wine can make me so drunk, because your love is always in my heart. . The mountains will separate us tomorrow. Who can say for sure after tomorrow? .

Chongqing Baqiu Zhangji

In the past years, Mars was greeted with joy. The fairy boat was drunk and blue. Poetry falls with the grass, and the wine is wide.

Floating life is like gathering clouds, and the past is like a dream. Today, under the sail city, the autumn wind looks back and tears dry.

On the 9th, I had tea with Lu and Jiao Ran.

Jiuri Mountain Zen Temple, Dongli Chrysanthemum Yellow, laity full of wine, who can help tea fragrance?

Cao Cao's short song

Singing the right wine, life is like morning dew, and it is difficult to go more in one day.

Li Bai in the mountains

The two men exchanged flowers cup after cup. I'm drunk enough to sleep, and the Ming dynasty intends to hold it.

Singing to wine is the geometry of life.

Excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village.

Wine luminous glass, want to drink pipa, hurry up immediately.

A new word, a glass of wine. The weather was bad last year.

Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? There is a breeze and a waning moon on the bank of Yangliu.

When drinking with a bosom friend.

If you don't love wine, WINE STAR can't be listed in the sky.

If the land doesn't love wine, there should be no Jiuquan.

Heaven and earth love wine, and love wine is not a loss.

Three cups lead to the avenue, and one barrel is natural.

But if you are interested in wine, don't pass it on to people who wake up.

2. Style of ancient buildings in southern Fujian 1, internal layout of ancient buildings in southern Fujian: "light hall and dark room" is the layout feature of ancient buildings in southern Fujian.

The nave is spacious and bright, and it is a place to worship ancestors, gods and receive visitors. The back wall of the hall is separated by a big wooden door that can be opened and folded, usually closed and separated from the back porch.

The back porch can be arranged as a small study, and in case of important guests, it can also be extended to the back porch for private chat. When you have something to do, you can open the big wooden door and combine the hall and the back porch to increase the activity space.

On both sides of the hall are the east and west rooms, which are the main rooms. Curtains are hung on the door of the big room, and the light shines through a small window on the roof, so the room is very dark.

There is a purlin step in front of the big house, which is a place to wash and dress. There is a back room behind the big room, which is the bedroom of male and female servants or the storage room for personal belongings and boxes.

This "one bright and two dark" three-bay structure is the most basic unit of ancient buildings in southern Fujian. Five bays, that is, about three bays, and then extend one.

Ancient architecture is a courtyard building based on the layout of "one bright and two dark", which is derived from the combination of several single buildings and external space. 2. Studio of ancient buildings in southern Fujian: According to the size of the studio, people generally call this quadrangle building three rooms and five halls, which can be divided into five types according to the depth: one entrance, two entrances, three entrances, four entrances and five entrances.

Among them, the binary big room is a small three-bay or a small five-bay, and the one with more than three bays is called a big three-bay or a big five-bay. And "one advance" is commonly known as "one fall", for example, "three advances" is "three falls"

In the naming of single buildings, taking Sanliu as an example, the first place is usually called "Luo", the second place is called "Luo" and the third place is called "Luo". 3. Tantou of ancient buildings in southern Fujian: There are two wings on both sides of the main house, commonly known as Tantou.

"Tantou" always opens well to the sky, which not only makes the big room ventilated, but also avoids the forced sunlight, which has the function of shading the sun and enjoying the cool, and is also a place for guests and attendants to rest. Forward descent and backward descent are connected by two "heads", which makes the communication between them very convenient.

4. Embankment of ancient buildings in southern Fujian: Before the first fall, the outdoor square left behind in front of the house was called "embankment". Only small potted flowers are arranged in the embankment, leaving a large space for tourists to park their cars and sedan chairs; Or decorate it into a garden, plant flowers and trees, and make a rockery pond.

5. Courtyard and protection of ancient buildings in southern Fujian: There is a "deep well" (patio) in front of each hall to ensure spacious, bright, ventilated and daylighting. Outside the wing, the longitudinal long house added on both sides or one side is the "guardrail".

In the case of a single protective cover, there is often a driveway on the other side, which is not only used as another passage for landing in and out, but also can protect the main house from the influence of neighbors' activities. Guards can also add some auxiliary rooms, which can be used as kitchens, places for placing sundries and tools, guest rooms, servants' rooms, or study rooms.

The exterior wall of Minnan folk houses is roughly composed of three parts: 1 and "Lejiao" (including corner stone foundation). The foot-binding of Minnan folk houses is mostly decorated with white stones and bluestones, and the patterns and images are mostly Tiger Claw, Kirin, magpies, riding Xiangyun, lions playing with balls and auspicious words. 2. Walls (including gables, waistlines and windows).

The wall is the most distinctive, and the gable is also made of clay sculpture with bas-relief, which is symmetrical in shape, and there are red bricks, white stones and bluestone shadow carvings at the waist line. There are many kinds of windows, such as brick windows, stone windows, porcelain windows and wooden windows.

Brick windows and porcelain windows are characterized by forming an integral pattern independently. The pillars of stone windows often appear in the form of round carvings, carved with animal flowers. If it is a carved window, it is a common opera figure.

3. The eaves are generally in the form of relief, painted with clay sculptures, and there are many landscape characters and story lines. Unique overall aesthetic feeling and various masonry walls 1, the structure and decoration of Minnan residential walls are characterized by the mixing of walls and stones, that is, "brick into stone", which is a mixture of two different materials. Because of the texture contrast between the surface of stone and the surface of brick, it creates a decorative aesthetic feeling, with the stone as the surface, the point as the line, and the brick seam as the line, resulting in points, lines and surfaces.

2. White granite and red tile have harmonious and contrasting effects in color formation. Contrast lies in lightness, but harmony lies in that its white stone is not pure white, but white with a little gray. As a "face", white gray can play a buffering role, express harmony in contrast and conflict in harmony. The solution of this contradiction is also one of the characteristics of masonry walls; When it comes to color, red bricks and white stones form the visual effect of red and white walls, and this concave and convex is based on light, forming a subtle rhythm, which makes the whole house stand out in the shade. We believe that bluestone, red brick and some decorative border patterns can form an interactive relationship with the surrounding environment under the irradiation of sunlight, which is loud and harmonious and has affinity.

3. Most houses in southern Fujian are in the form of jointing bare walls, and regular brick joints are in contrast with irregular stones, which is the contrast between "line" and "surface". Of course, this is not absolute. On the wall, some houses in southern Fujian use "regular" red bricks and "regular" stones, which are mixed together in a certain arrangement. 4. The application of patterned wall greatly enriches the monotonous wall surface.

Such as plum blossom brick wall, swastika brick wall, turtle back brick wall, ancient money brick wall, gourd brick wall, parallel brick wall and so on. In the gable part, patterns made of pottery and plastic materials have rich visual effects, and some colored tiles are also used in modern houses. The pattern is fire pattern and moire pattern, with symmetrical sides and lanterns and flower baskets in the middle. These patterns usually form a satisfactory gourd shape. Of course, in this performance area, there are some classic characters and some symbolic objects.

Colors, blue and white, in order to coordinate with the wall, some purple, red and other similar colors are interspersed between them. In the overall design, a pattern similar to the gluttony of bronze wares is often used, and the central image above should be evolved from the image of exorcism, which is in line with folk customs.

Then, all the graphics are unified by the fluttering ribbon. From the point of gable decoration, the symbols of cloud, water, fire dragon and phoenix are naturally a kind of traditional argot, which is manifested in flower baskets and lanterns, such as adding the homonym of "Ding". As a folk house, it attaches great importance to the continuous derivation of future generations. Second, pay attention to the visibility of details and the readability of image stories. When it comes to the wall, we have to talk about some details of it.

3. When did the ancient buildings in southern Fujian begin? After the photochemical year in Tang Zhaozong, there began to be ancient buildings in southern Fujian.

Princess Wang of Fujian was given a palace-style house, but the eunuch mistakenly thought it meant the whole Quanzhou mansion, so ordinary people followed suit and built houses, that is, ancient houses in southern Fujian.

The ancient houses in southern Fujian refer to the traditional houses in southern Fujian. In Minnan dialect, "CuO" is a house, and red brick CuO is a house made of red bricks, which is also the most representative traditional building in southern Fujian.

The ancient buildings in southern Fujian are mainly "official buildings", so they are also called "slave palaces". In many areas, it is also called "Red Brick CuO". Shaped like a temple, it is magnificent and is a typical ancient residence in China. Its main features are: front ridge and back ridge, sitting north facing south, three-to-five-bay double protection, red brick and white stone wall, hard gable top and double upturned dovetail ridge.

4. What are the poems describing Quanzhou scenery? Chen Zu was born in Jinmen and was born in Quanzhou.

His grandfather and father Chen Dou were juren in the late Qing Dynasty. His great-grandfather Xu Zuchun was the son of Xu Bangguang, Guangluqing, Quanzhou, and served as the minister of punishments. At the invitation of Lu Shiyi from Kinmen, he gave a lecture on Wujiang Academy. He wrote a good poem and was hailed as a genius at the age of 20.

1987, when he regained his original hometown of Kinmen, he wrote three poems, Nostalgia, 1. My family originally lived in Wuzhou, while Yi Shi was more engaged in agriculture and fishing. People who live in counties and cities don't know, and recite poems in the mean streets.

My father and my ancestors held a banquet in Luming Literature, and sweet peas were the most important. The autumn wind sent guests across the river, worrying about the past.

3. The voice of Taoist priests has shaken Jinmen since ancient times, giving lectures and paying attention to etiquette. Qingshui Rock: Located at the foot of Penglai Mountain in Penglai Town, Anxi County, it was built in the sixth year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 1083) and rebuilt in the forty-third year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1564).

Yu Yan is built on the mountain, with a three-story pavilion style, and has the reputation of "unparalleled spring stone and the first peak in Penglai". Fujian provincial cultural relics protection units.

It is said that Confucian scholars open crimson accounts, and silk vines have children and grandchildren. Cao An Manichaeism Site Category: Famous Mountains and Great Rivers Location: Sunai Village, Yudian, Jinjiang 19 km There is a Wanfeng Mountain, also known as Shiwan Mountain and Huabiao Mountain, which is the only complete Manichaeism site in China.

Because houses were built of grass in ancient times, they were called grass temples. Manichaeism, also known as Zoroastrianism, was founded by Mani, a Persian in the third century A.D. Mani (A.D. 2 16-276) was born in a royal family in southern Babylon. Based on Zoroastrianism, he absorbed the religious thoughts of Christianity, Buddhism and Babylon and founded Manichaeism.

Its religion was introduced to Quanzhou in the Tang Dynasty, and it is called Zoroastrianism, which worships light, advocates purity and opposes darkness and oppression. The modern site is a Yuan Dynasty building. According to archaeological findings, Manichaeism had been active here since the Song Dynasty.

It was forbidden in the Ming dynasty, and the villagers here still worship Buddhism and are well preserved. Manichaeism temple is near the foot of Huabiao Mountain, where there are monks and nuns. There used to be a Buddhist temple in front of the temple, which was abandoned and rebuilt in recent years.

Flowers and trees set each other off, and the scenery is very beautiful and clean, which is a unique scenery. Cao An Temple is built on the mountain, and the architectural form is a stone structure with a single eaves resting on the top of the mountain. It has four rafters, three bays wide, two bays wide1.67m and 3.04m deep. Under the eaves, the single-row beam arch supports the roof, which is simple and elegant.

Among them, the most precious is a Mani Buddha carved on the cliff in buddhist nun. The stone relief Mani sits in a circle of shallow niches, with a diameter of 1.68m, a length of 1.52m and a width of 0.83m, with a special head. The color is diabase (green bucket stone), with a rectangular face of 0.32x0.25m, a glossy pattern on the back, granite stone and shawl. Sitting on the lotus altar, the face is round, the eyebrows are slightly raised, the lips are thin and the corners of the mouth are deep, forming a round forehead, which is peaceful and comfortable. Wearing a wide-sleeved frock with no buttons on the chest, the knot is tied into a butterfly shape with round ornaments, hanging to the sides of the feet, hands folded flat, palms up on the knees, solemn and charitable expression, simple and smooth pleats, symmetrical decorative patterns, showing the style of the times.

This is the only remaining Manichaean stone Buddha statue in the world and is listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit. In the upper left corner of the Buddhist shrine, there is a passage engraved with the words, "Chen Zhenze, a loyal minister of Xie Diancheng, built a temple, and blessed the Buddha as early as possible."

The diary of the moon in Zhiyuan for five years. "Five lines of regular script, 34 words, 2.5x2.5cm in diameter.

There is also a rough inscription in the upper right corner, "Yao Xingzu, Luoshan, Xinghua Road, stone room." I pray for Yao Rujian, the first gentleman of the 33rd banquet, Guo's wife, stepmother, younger brother Yao and four scholars. "

These words are of high value, and they are the only documentary evidence of the architectural age of the Mani Buddha statue and a temple that can be used for reference in the world. They are very precious, and they are also the first-hand historical materials for studying Zoroastrianism in Quanzhou. Twenty meters in front of this Cao An site, a complete Yuan Dynasty black glazed bowl and more than 60 pieces of residual porcelain were unearthed.

This complete black glazed bowl is18.5cm in diameter and 6.5cm in height. When fired, the bottom of the bowl is engraved with the word "Zoroastrianism" with a diameter of about 6.5 cm. Other porcelain pieces are also engraved with the words "Ming", "Jiao" and "Hui", which is an important discovery of Zoroastrianism activities in Quanzhou at that time. This kind of black glazed bowl was fired in the Song, Wei and Yuan Dynasties. There are many magnetic stoves in Jinjiang, and there are similar discoveries in the suburbs of Quanzhou City, indicating that the written records of the Manichaeism site in Cao An, Luoshan are consistent with the black glazed Zoroastrianism porcelain bowl.

Manichaeism in Quanzhou was relatively open in the Yuan Dynasty. It shows that Zoroastrianism in Quanzhou is based on Buddhism.

It is said that there are eighteen scholars in Quanzhou who live in Cao An and study hard. They often show the image of Buddha here, saying that this is the development of Manjusri Bodhisattva. Therefore, there are woodcut couplets written by Master Hongyi on both sides of the statue of Mani Light Buddha. "The stone wall is said to be the development of the Buddha" and "the historical records here are all famous". Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of Ming Dynasty, relied on Zoroastrianism to seize power and used the name of Zoroastrianism to determine his country. However, he was worried that Zoroastrianism would threaten his rule, that is, he suspected that his Sect would establish the country by force, betray his disciples and destroy the palace.

Therefore, in the early Ming Dynasty, Zoroastrianism flourished, turned into a secret activity, and merged with folk Taoist and Buddhist beliefs. However, the creed of Manichaeism (called "four bodies") was still engraved on the rock wall during the orthodox period of the Ming Dynasty: to persuade people to be clean and bright, and to be wise.

The supreme truth, Mani Guangfo. September 13, orthodox ugly, a disciple lives in the mountain, Ming Shu Li.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1573- 1620), there were two other famous poets in Quanzhou who visited Cao An and wrote poems here: Huang (A.D. 1524- 1590), a Hui 'an native and a martial man, who was good at poetry and calligraphy and wrote many books. ). Sitting on the west side of the peak day, the clothes are gloomy and the sun is half oblique.

There is no one floating in the wind pavilion, and the clouds are covered with moss. When I was stationed in Suzhou, Hangzhou and Hangzhou, I closed my spare room and turned to sand.

The poet Huang Fengxiang (1538- 16 14,No. An Zhiyi Pavilion. Quanzhou people, celebrities, officials) "Autumn Visit to Cao An" Gong Lin * * * Autumn falls, trees fall in the mountains.

Fine grass extended Xianxia Road for a long time, and Xie Hui was temporarily used as a Buddhist altar lamp. Bamboo-edge spring veins are adjacent to Danzao, and green vines are planted along Li Yungen.

Mo Wen, the king of crumbling walls, fell flat on the sofa.

5. Treat ancient coastal buildings as Tibetan poems and join the army at sea.

Shinohara Xiang returned to the stream.

The ancient road is pine and cypress dusk,

A talented scholar was born today.

Today is a gifted scholar,

The sea breeze blows the crane,

Looking for new dishes on the warm coast.

Who is the tomb,

Save money for the government.

Taoist analysis,

In the mountains in the sea,