Mao Yisheng (18961.9—19891.1.2) was born in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. Civil engineer, bridge expert, engineering educator, academician of China Academy of Sciences, academician of American Academy of Engineering and academician of Academia Sinica.
Mao Yisheng 19 16 graduated from Southwest Jiaotong University (called Tangshan Institute of Technology by the Ministry of Communications), 19 17 received a master's degree from Cornell University, and 19 19 received a doctorate from Carnegie Institute of Technology (formerly Carnegie Mellon University). After returning to China, he successively served as a professor at Tangshan Institute of Technology of Jiaotong University, a professor at Southeast University (1928 was renamed as National Central University), a director of engineering department, a president of National Hehai University of Technology, a president of Tangshan Jiaotong University (now Southwest Jiaotong University), a president of Beiyang Institute of Technology, a director of Jiangsu Provincial Water Resources Department, a director of Qiantang River Bridge Engineering Department, an acting dean and dean of Tangshan Institute of Technology of Jiaotong University, a general manager of China Bridge Corporation, a president of Beiyang University, and a member of China University.
Mao Yisheng presided over the work of china academy of railway sciences for more than 30 years and made outstanding contributions to the progress of railway science and technology. A pioneer who actively advocates the application of soil mechanics in engineering. Mao Yisheng presided over the construction of Qiantang River Bridge, which was the first modern large-scale bridge designed and built by China people themselves, and became a milestone in the history of railway bridges in China. After the founding of New China, he participated in the design of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. In his later years, he wrote History of Chinese Bridges, Ancient Bridges and New Bridges in China, etc. 1989165438+1October 12 died in Beijing at the age of 93.
On September 25th, 20 19, Mao Yisheng was selected as the "most beautiful struggler".
Chinese name: Mao Yisheng.
Mao Yisheng Mbth
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Dantu, Jiangsu
Date of birth: 1896 1.9.
Date of death:1989165438+10/2.
Occupation: civil engineer, bridge expert, engineering educator.
Graduate institutions: Southwest Jiaotong University, Cornell University, Carnegie Mellon University.
Faith: science, truth
Main achievements: presided over the construction of the first modern bridge in China.
Founder and advocate of soil mechanics in China.
Engineering educator
Representative Works: Qiantang River Bridge, the first modern bridge in China.
Word: Tang Chen
The life of the character
Mao Yisheng's grandfather Mao Qian is a juren. He once founded Nanyang Official Newspaper, which is quite famous in Zhenjiang. Shortly after Mao Yisheng was born, the whole family moved to Nanjing. Mao Yisheng was studious and enterprising since childhood, and was good at independent thinking.
At the age of six, he went to a private school. At the age of 7, she studied at Siyi School, the first new primary school in China founded by Nanjing 1903, and entered Jiangnan Business School on 1905.
When Mao Yisheng/KLOC-0 was 0/0 years old, a dragon boat race was held in his hometown during the Dragon Boat Festival. Everyone watching the game was standing on Wende Bridge. He didn't go because of his stomachache. There were so many people on the bridge that it collapsed and many people died and drowned. This unfortunate incident weighed heavily on Mao Yisheng's mind. He secretly made up his mind that when he grew up, he must build the strongest bridge. From then on, whenever Mao Yisheng saw a bridge, whether it was a stone bridge or a wooden bridge, he always saw enough from the deck to the bridge column. After Mao Yisheng went to school, he saw articles and paragraphs about bridges from books, so he copied them in his notebook. When he saw pictures about the bridge, he cut them out and pasted them on. After a long time, he accumulated several thick books.
19 16 Graduated from Tangshan Institute of Technology (namely Tangshan Jiaotong University, now Southwest Jiaotong University) of the Ministry of Communications. In Tsinghua, I took the postgraduate exam of official expenses for studying in the United States, and got the first place in studying abroad.
19 17 obtained the master's degree (bridge major) from Cornell University.
19 19 received his Ph.D. from Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University). He was the first doctor of engineering in the school.
19 16 After graduating from Tangshan Institute of Technology, Ministry of Communications, he was sent to study in the United States by Tsinghua Academy of Fine Arts. 19 17 obtained a master's degree in civil engineering from Cornell university in the United States, and was awarded the "Fittis" gold research medal as an outstanding graduate student of Cornell university. Because of Mao Yisheng's outstanding performance, Cornell University admitted the graduates of Tangshan Jiaotong University (now Southwest Jiaotong University) without examination, which won honors for universities in China, especially his alma mater. 192 1 received a doctorate in engineering from Carnegie Mellon university. His doctoral thesis "Secondary Stress of Bridge Truss" is called "Mao's Law" and won the "Fittis" Gold Research Medal of Cornell University.
1920 to 1930 After returning to China, he served as professor and vice president of Tangshan College of Jiaotong University (now Southwest Jiaotong University), professor and engineering director of National Southeast University, president of Nanjing Hohai University of Technology, president of Tangshan Jiaotong University (now Southwest Jiaotong University), president of Beiyang Institute of Technology and president of Beiyang University.
1930 to 193 1 director of Jiangsu provincial water resources department, 1934 to 1937 director of Qiantang river bridge engineering department in Zhejiang province (from then on to 1949). He presided over the design and organized the construction of a Qiantang River with complex natural conditions in 65430. The bridge was completed and opened to traffic on September 26th. 1937. This is the first modern steel bridge designed and built by China people themselves, and it is an immortal monument in the history of Chinese bridge engineering. 1937 12.23, in order to prevent the Japanese from attacking Hangzhou, Mao Yisheng personally participated in the bridge bombing. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, Mao Yisheng was ordered to repair the bridge, which was opened to traffic in March 1948.
1937- 1942 was appointed as the acting president and dean of national chiao tung university Tangshan Institute of Technology (now Southwest Jiaotong University).
1942 to 1943 as the director of the bridge design engineering department of the Ministry of Communications.
General manager of China Bridge Corporation from 1943 to 1949.
1943 was elected professor of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China.
1948 was elected as an academician of academia sinica.
1949- 1952 was the president of China jiaotong university (1950 was renamed as north jiaotong university), which was co-founded by Tangshan institute of technology (now southwest jiaotong university) and Beiping institute of railway management (now Beijing jiaotong university).
From 195 1 to 198 1, he served as director of the Institute of Railway Technology and president of the Institute of Railway Science.
1955 was elected as a member of China Academy of Sciences.
1959 During the construction of the top ten buildings in Beijing, he served as the head of the structural review team of the Great Hall of the People and was appointed by Premier Zhou Enlai as the person in charge of the final approval and signature of the design scheme.
1955 to 1957 presided over the design of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. From 1955 to 1957, Mao Yisheng was the chairman of the Technical Advisory Committee of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, and he accepted the task of building the first bridge across the Yangtze River in China.
1977 presided over the design of Chongqing Shibanpo Yangtze River Bridge. 1982 was elected as a foreign academician of the National Academy of Engineering.
1984 was elected honorary chairman of China Association for Science and Technology.
1989165438+1October 12 died in Beijing at the age of 93.
Major achievements
Presided over the construction of Qiantang River Bridge
1933 to 1937, Mao Yisheng was the director of Qiantang river bridge engineering department, and presided over the construction of the first modern bridge with both highway and railway functions in China-"Qiantang river bridge". He solved the technical problems in bridge construction by "water injection method", "caisson method" and "floating method". Since then, Mao Yisheng has traveled all over the country, and his name has remained all over the country with the newly-built bridge. After five years' efforts, Mao Yisheng finally built the modern Qiantang River Bridge. September 26th is the 74th anniversary of the completion and opening of Qiantang River Bridge.
Qiantang River Bridge 1934 started. Zhejiang-jiangxi railway was under construction at that time. In order to connect the Shanghai-Hangzhou railway, a bridge must be built on the Qiantang River. Qiantang River is a famous dangerous river with extremely complicated hydrogeological conditions. Its water potential is not only affected by the upstream flash floods, but also restricted by the downstream tidal fluctuations. In case of typhoon, the river is often rough. The quicksand at the bottom of Qiantang River is 4 1 m thick and unfathomable, and is known as the "bottomless Qiantang River". Therefore, there is a folk proverb that it is impossible to bridge the Qiantang River, and the engineering and technical circles also think that it is very difficult to bridge the Qiantang River. When Mr. Mao Yisheng was a teenager, he was determined to build a bridge, but later he lost to the United States. He specialized in bridges at Cornell University and Carnegie Mellon University College of Technology, and received his doctorate. He was sad to see that all the steel bridges on the rivers of the motherland were built by foreigners. He was determined to live up to the expectations of the people of China and build his own bridge in China. So he faced the difficulties and was appointed as the director of the bridge engineering department. He asked Luo Ying, a classmate of Cornell University, to be the chief engineer, and he was determined to win.
The first difficulty in building a bridge is piling. In order to stabilize the bridge foundation, it is necessary to drive 1440 piles in 9 piers, which pass through the sediment with a thickness of 4 1 m and stand on the stone layer. The sand layer is thick and hard, so it can't go down lightly, but it is broken when it is heavy. Inspired by watering flowerpots to flush the soil out of small holes, Mao Yisheng adopted the "water jet method" of pumping water on thick and hard sediment to punch deep holes and then piling, and only 1 pile was driven day and night, which greatly accelerated the construction progress. The second difficulty in bridge construction is that the water flow is fast and the construction is difficult. Mao Yisheng invented the "caisson method", that is, the mouth of a box made of reinforced concrete sinks into the water, covers it at the bottom of the river, and then uses high-pressure air to squeeze out the water in the box. Workers dig sand in the box, so that caissons and stakes gradually merge into one. Build a dock on a caisson. It is not easy to place caissons. At the beginning, a caisson was washed downstream by the river, pushed upstream by the tide and scurried up and down. Later, the 3-ton iron anchor was changed to 10 ton, and the caisson problem was solved. The third difficulty is to erect steel beams. Mao Yisheng adopts the "floating method" which skillfully uses natural forces. The steel beam is transported between the two piers by boat at high tide, and falls on the two piers at low tide, which saves labor and time and greatly speeds up the progress.
Qiantang River Bridge is a bridge that has been baptized by War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. At the end of the bridge construction, the war of resistance between Songhu and Shanghai was tight, and Japanese planes often bombed. On one occasion, Mao Yisheng was discussing problems with several engineers and supervisors in the caisson of Pier 6, and suddenly all the lights in the caisson went out. It turned out that the lights on the construction site were turned off because of the Japanese plane bombing. Despite the enemy's bombing, Qiantang River Bridge was finally completed and opened to traffic on September 26th 1937.
After the completion of Qiantang River Bridge, it has made outstanding contributions to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The inscription on the bridge tablet records this tragic historical fact: "When War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, railways and highways were opened to traffic day and night under the bombardment of enemy planes. There are countless vehicles to support the Sino-Japanese War and rush to transport materials, and hundreds of thousands of them are waiting to cross the river. In the later stage of construction, knowing that the war situation was unfavorable, the explosive was buried with the five-hole steel beam because empty holes were reserved on the pier which was the most difficult to repair. It was not until Hangzhou was neglected to guard and the enemy rode near that it was determined to detonate on 19371February 23rd. At that time, Mr. Wang left "a sudden change in the wind and cloud, breaking the bridge and breaking the road, the lack of fire in the five elements really brought fire, and the bridge was not restored." "Swear, bring your own drawings and materials, and turn to the rear." In order to stop the enemy, Mao Yisheng was ordered to blow up the bridge he built, which was a heroic act. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Mao Yisheng fulfilled his oath and presided over the restoration of the bridge. Mr Mao Yisheng has been in charge of building, bombing and repairing bridges. Qiantang River Bridge was built in the anti-Japanese bonfire and regenerated in the world of peaceful construction. He not only wrote an epic page in the Chinese nation's struggle against foreign invaders, but also played an important role in the country's economic construction. He connected the Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway with zhejiang-jiangxi railway and turned Qiantang River from a moat into a thoroughfare. Since it was opened to traffic for 65 years, he has made immortal contributions to the development of transportation and the prosperity of local economy in China.
Qiantang River Bridge is not only a milestone in the history of Chinese bridge construction, but also the cradle of Chinese bridge engineers. Mr. Mao Yisheng turned the construction site into a school, absorbed a large number of students majoring in civil engineering to participate in engineering practice, and trained a number of bridge engineering talents for the country. Some responsible persons of some important bridge projects in China, such as Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge and Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, have all experienced the baptism of Qiantang River Bridge construction.
Qiantang River Bridge has demonstrated to the whole world the intelligence of China's scientific and technological workers and the ability of the Chinese nation to stand on its own feet among the nations of the world. The great patriotism, pioneering spirit of scientific and technological innovation, struggling spirit of overcoming all difficulties and obstacles, and enterprising spirit shown by the pioneers of bridge engineering in China in the construction of Qiantang River Bridge will always be valuable spiritual wealth that inspires us to make unremitting efforts for the prosperity and strength of the motherland.
Member of Technical Advisory Committee of Yangtze River Bridge
From 1955 to 1957, Mao Yisheng was the chairman of the Technical Advisory Committee of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, and he accepted the task of building the first Yangtze River Bridge in China. 1September, 1955, the bridge was officially started and completed on September 25th, 1957, one year and three months ahead of schedule. 19571June15th, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was opened to traffic. Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge is a double-deck steel truss bridge for highway and railway. The upper floor is a highway bridge with a width of 22.5 meters, of which the roadway width is 18 meters; The lower floor is a railway bridge with a width of 18m. The length of the main bridge is1155.5m, and the total length is1670.4m together with the highway approach bridges at both ends. The bridge connects Jing-Han Railway and Yue-Han Railway, becoming the traffic artery running through the north and south of China, connecting the three towns of Wuhan into a whole, and ensuring the integration of the north-south railway and highway network in China.
Participate in reviewing the structural design of the Great Hall of the People.
When the Great Hall of the People was built in Beijing from 65438 to 0958, Premier Zhou Enlai pointed out: "Mao Yisheng needs to sign the guarantee." Party and state leaders have great trust in Mao Yisheng, and Mao Yisheng is extremely responsible for the Party's work. He made a comprehensive review and accounting of the structural design of the Great Hall of the People, and finally signed it.
Literary Literacy of Bridge Architecture
Mao Yisheng studied, built and wrote bridges all his life. Published more than 200 articles in Chinese and foreign newspapers and periodicals. He presided over the compilation of "Technical History of Ancient Bridges in China" and "Bridges in China-From Ancient Times to the Present" (in Japanese, English, French, German and Spanish). He is the author of Qiantang River Bridge, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, Selected Works of Popular Science Creation in Mao Yisheng (I and II), Works of Mao Yisheng, Old Bridge and New Bridge in China, etc.
He devoted his life to bridge construction.
Mao Yisheng studied, built and wrote bridges all his life. Published more than 200 articles in Chinese and foreign newspapers and periodicals. From 1955 to 1957, Mao Yisheng was the chairman of the Technical Advisory Committee of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, and he accepted the task of building the first Yangtze River Bridge in China. 1September 1955, the bridge was officially started and completed on September 25, 1957, two years ahead of schedule. 19571June15th, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was opened to traffic.
academic ideas
Mao Yisheng's engineering ethics thought is based on engineering patriotism, which is a powerful driving force for him to transform the corrupt and backward old China invaded by foreign powers. "People-oriented" thought is the core of Mao Yisheng's engineering ethics, and it is the most basic ethical principle for him to deal with all kinds of complicated relations in engineering activities. Mao Yisheng's engineering responsibility ethics thought based on "patriotic engineering thought" and centered on "people-oriented" has rich connotations, mainly including engineering social responsibility ethics, engineering natural responsibility ethics and engineering professional responsibility ethics.
Main work
qian tang river bridge
Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge
Chinese Bridges-Ancient Bridges and Modern Bridges
Anecdotes of characters
Mao Yisheng loved reading since he was a child and was good at reading. Many people admire his amazing memory, but they don't know that it is exercised by his diligent recitation.
In order to exercise memory. Mao Yisheng stands by the river every morning reciting ancient poems and essays. On the river, sails are sailing and fishing songs are bursting. He can turn a blind eye, listen without hearing, and completely immerse himself in the ocean of knowledge he needs. Over time, he not only memorized many ancient poems and prose, but also effectively enhanced his memory. One day, his grandfather copied ancient prose with a brush, and Mao Yisheng stood beside him. Grandpa put down his brush and recited a copy of Kyoto Fu word for word.
Mao Yisheng not only recited ancient poems and prose, but also recited abstract figures, so he was not afraid of boredom. Once, he read an article, wrote the approximate value of pi to 100 after the decimal point, and decided to memorize these boring numbers to exercise his memory. So, he memorized this long list of numbers paragraph by paragraph: 14, 15, 92, 65, 35, 89, 79, 32, 38, 46, 26, 43, 38. Although it is difficult to remember, it ranges from a dozen decimal places to dozens of digits. On his eightieth birthday, he can miraculously recite the number 100 recorded in his childhood.
family
Personality assessment
Zhou Peiyuan, a famous scientist, pointed out in his book Mao Yisheng, a bridge expert: "Mao Yisheng's contribution to China's scientific and technological undertakings is multifaceted." . His great contribution to popular science in China and the construction of science museum and science newspaper are not well known to more people.
Mao Yisheng described all kinds of bridges in Bridge Vision, and Mao Zedong once praised him: "Not only a scientist, but also a writer.
In 2006, China issued a set of four stamps of Modern Scientists in China (IV), and the second one was Professor Mao Yisheng.