Volleyball game rules
Volleyball game characteristics
A volleyball game is a team competition played by two teams of players on a playing field separated by a net. . There are different ways to play, adapting to specific situations to provide people with different games.
The goal of the game is for each team to use a prescribed method to hit the ball over the net and land on the opponent's court while preventing the ball from landing on their own court. Each team has three chances to return the ball to the opponent's court (except for blocking the ball).
The game starts with a serve. Players hit the ball over the net into the opponent's court. The two sides hit the ball back and forth until the ball touches the ground, goes out of bounds, or one team is unable to return the ball correctly.
In a volleyball match, the team gets one point if it wins a ball (scoring system). When the receiving team wins a ball, the team gets one point and gets the right to serve.
Part 1 Competition
Chapter 1 Equipment and Equipment
Competition Area
The competition area includes the competition court and barrier-free area. And it is a symmetrical rectangle.
1 Scope
Volleyball Rules 1999--2000
The competition court is a rectangular venue of 18 meters x 9 meters, surrounded by symmetrical and at least A 3-meter-wide rectangular barrier-free area. There must be at least 7 meters of space in the venue from the ground up without any obstacles.
For FIVB world and official competitions, the barrier-free area outside the field must be at least 5 meters from the sideline; 8 meters from the end line; and at least 12.5 meters above the ground.
1.2 Field surface
1.2.1 The surface must be flat, level and consistent. The surface of the field must be such that there is no risk of injury to players. Rough and slippery golf courses are strictly prohibited. FIVB world and official competitions only allow the use of wooden or artificial rubber venues. Any course must first be approved by FlVB.
1.2.2 The surface of the indoor court must be light-colored.
In FlVB world and official competitions, the boundaries of the stadium are all white, and the venues and barrier-free areas must be distinguished by different colors.
1.2.3 Outdoor courts may have a slope of 0.5 cm per meter to facilitate drainage. Boundaries must not be made of solid materials.
1.3 Court Boundary Lines
1.3.1 All court boundary lines are 5 cm wide and must be light-colored and different from the color of the ground and other lines.
1.3.2 Boundary lines:
The playing field consists of two side lines and two end lines. The sidelines and end lines are included in the playing field.
1.3.3 Center line:
The center line divides the court into 9 meters x 9 meters on each side. This line extends from the bottom of the net to the two sidelines.
1.3.4 Attack Line
The attack line is located three meters back from the center point of the midline.
1.4 Field areas and zones
1.4.1 Front zone
For FlVB world and official competitions, five sections of 15 meters long are drawn on each side of the attacking line. The dotted lines are 5 centimeters wide and spaced 20 centimeters apart. The total length of the dotted lines is 1.75 meters (including line width). The front area extends beyond the side lines to the bottom of the barrier-free area.
1.4.2 Serving Area
The serving area is an area located behind the end line (excluding the end line) and 9 meters wide. This area is bounded by two short lines located 20 cm behind the end line and 15 cm in length, extending to the sideline. Both lines are included in the width of this area.
In terms of depth, the teeing area can be extended to the end of the barrier-free area outside the court.
1.4.3 Substitute area
The substitute area is the area from the imaginary extension line of the two offensive lines to the scorer's table.
1.4.4 Warm-up area
In FlVB world and official competitions, the warm-up area with an area of ??3 meters x 3 meters is located at the two corners of the team bench outside the barrier-free area.
1.4.5 Penalty Zone:
The penalty zone is located behind the players' benches of the two teams, with an area of ??about 1 meter x 1 meter square, with a 5 cm wide red line as the boundary, and two cards are placed Chair.
1.5 Temperature
The lowest temperature shall not be lower than 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit). In FlVB world and official competitions, the highest temperature shall not exceed 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit), and the lowest temperature shall not exceed 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit). The temperature shall not be lower than 16 degrees Celsius (61 degrees Fahrenheit)
1.6 Lighting
In FIVB world and official competitions, the lighting level of the competition venue shall be one meter above the surface of the venue. At height, there must be a brightness of 1000 to 1500 lux (LUX).
2·Net and net posts
2.1 Net height
2.1.1 The net is placed above the center line. The height of the net is 2.43 meters for men and 2.43 meters for women. at 2.24 meters.
2.1.2 The height of the net is measured from the center of the playing court with the measuring rod.
The height of both ends of the net (above the sideline) from the ground must be equal and must not exceed the specified height by more than 2 centimeters.
2.2 Net structure
The net is 1 meter wide and 9.50 meters long, and is hung vertically above the center axis.
The mesh surface is composed of 10 cm square black mesh.
There is a 5 cm wide horizontal strap on the top of the net, which is folded in half from the canvas and sewn along the entire length of the net. There is a hole at each end of the strap, and a rope is passed through the hole to connect to the net column, so that the top of the net is in a tight state.
There is a bendable steel cable in the middle of the strap to facilitate tightening the net to the net.
Under the net (no horizontal belt), there is a rope running through the mesh to tie the two net posts so that the lower half of the net is in a taut state.
2.3 Marking tape
Two white tapes 5 cm wide and 1 meter long are tied vertically to the net above the two sidelines. The marking strip is considered part of the net.
2.4 Sign pole
The sign pole is an elastic pole with a length of 1.80 meters and a diameter of 10 mm.
The sign pole is made of fiberglass or similar material.
Two sign poles are tightly tied to the outer edge of the sign tape. The upper part of one sign pole on each side is 80 cm long beyond the top of the net. Every 10 cm is painted with a contrasting color, with red and white as the color. good.
The marker pole shall be considered part of the net and serve as both sides of the effective traversal space. Rule 11.1.1.
2.5 Net Posts
2.5.1 Net Posts are used to support the net. They are located 0.50 to 1.00 meters away from the court and the sideline. Their height is 2.55 meters, and it is best to Adjustment.
2.5.2 The net posts should be round and smooth. No metal iron ropes are used to fix the net posts on the field. Their installation must be free from obstructions and dangers.
2.6 Ancillary equipment
All ancillary equipment must comply with FIVB regulations.
3·Ball
3.1 Specifications of the ball
The ball must be round and made of soft and elastic leather, with rubber or similar materials in it. Made of ball bladder.
Color: Consistent and light color, or a combination of colors approved by FIVB.
Circumference: 65 cm to 67 cm.
Weight: 260 grams to 280 grams.
Internal air pressure: 294.3 to 318.82 millibars (0.30 to 0.325 kilograms per square centimeter)
Consistency of 3.2 ball specifications
Used in a ball game The balls must have the same characteristics, such as: ball circumference, weight, air pressure, style, etc.
FIVB world and official competitions must use FIVB-approved balls.
3.3 Three-ball system
In FIVB world and official competitions, three balls can be used. Therefore, there are six pick-up players in this project, that is, one person standing in each of the four corners of the barrier-free area, and one person standing behind the two referees.
Chapter 2 Participants
4·Team
4.1 Composition of the team
4.1.1 Maximum number of players per team Including twelve players, one coach, one assistant coach, one sports medical staff (trainer) and one physician. One of the players is the captain and must be noted on the score sheet. Physicians participating in the FlVB World Championships must obtain prior approval from the FIVB.
4.1.2 Each team can select one from the 12 decision list to register as a free defensive player. (Rule 8.5)
4.1.3 Only players registered on the score sheet can participate in the game. Once the coach or captain signs the score sheet, they cannot be replaced.
4.2 Position of the team
4.2.1 Players must sit in the players’ bench or warm-up area (Rule 14.4), and the coach (Rule 5.2.3) and other members must sit in the players’ bench , but you can leave your seat temporarily.
The players’ seats are outside the barrier-free area next to the scorer’s table.
4.2.2 Only members of the team can sit in the players’ bench, and players can participate in warm-ups during the game (Rule 4.1.1)
4.2.3 During the game, the last player to play Players may warm up with bare hands in the warm-up area (Rule 1.4.4), and during timeouts they may do warm-up exercises in the barrier-free area at the back of their court.
Players can warm up with balls in the barrier-free area during breaks between games.
4.3 Equipment
Player equipment includes jerseys, shorts and sneakers.
4.3.1 Sweatshirts, shorts and socks must be consistent across the team, neat and of the same color. (Except for free defensive players, Rule 8.5)
4.3.2 Sneakers must be light, soft, and made of rubber or leather.
In the FIVB World Adult Championships, the color of shoes must be the same for the entire team, but the color pattern of the trademark can be different; the competition uniform must comply with the standard specifications approved by FIVB.
4.3.3 Player jersey numbers must be from 1 to 18.
4.3.3.1 The number must be in the center of the chest and back. The color of the number must contrast with the jersey.
4.3.3.2 The number on the chest of the jersey should be at least 15cm high, and the number on the back should be at least 20cm high. The strokes of the numbers should be at least 2cm wide.
In FIVB world and official competitions, the number must be embroidered on the right leg shorts, which must be at least 4 to 6 cm high and at least 1 cm wide.
4.3.4 The captain should wear a strap 8 cm long and 2 cm wide under the chest number for identification.
4.3.5 It is prohibited to wear jerseys with inconsistent numbers (Rule 4.3.3) or different colors from players on the same team. (Rule 4.3.1; except for free defenders, Rule 8.5)
4.4 Change of equipment
The first referee may allow one or more players to:
4.4.1 Barefoot competition.
4.4.2 Change sweaty sweatshirts between games or after substituting. However, the color, style and number of the new sweatshirt must be the same as the original one.
4.4.3 When the weather is cold, the first referee may allow the team to wear training clothes for competition, but the color and style of the team's clothes must be the same (except for free defensive players) and wear legal numbers with permission. Players on the last team must follow the rules (Rule 4.3.3.i)
4.5 Prohibited Objects
4.5.1 It is prohibited to wear items that may cause injury to players or provide artificial assistance to players. object.
4.5.2 Players can wear glasses at their own risk.
5·Team leaders: Both the captain and the coach must be responsible for the behavior and discipline of the team members.
5.1 Captain free agent shall not serve as captain
5.1.1 Before the start of the game, the captain shall: Sign the score sheet and participate in the coin toss on behalf of the team.
5.1.2 During the game, if the team captain is on the field, he becomes the game captain.
When the captain does not play in the game, the coach or the captain himself must designate another player to replace the captain until the captain returns to the field or the end of the game. Only when the ball is dead does the match captain, and he alone, have the right to request from the referee:
5.1.2.1 Request an explanation of the referenced rule. Requests or questions from teammates can also be relayed to the referee.
If the referee's explanation cannot be accepted, the captain must immediately raise an objection to the referee and reserve the right to record the objection on the score sheet after the game as a formal protest (Rule 23.2.4)
< p>5.1.2.2 Request approvalChange sportswear or equipment,
Confirm the position of players,
Check the court, net, ball, etc.
5.1.2.3 Request to suspend the game in accordance with the law (Rule 16.2.1)
5.1.3 At the end of the game, the captain shall:
5.1.3.1 Report to the referee Give thanks and sign the score sheet to acknowledge the result.
5.1.3.2 If he has raised an objection to the first referee, the record of the protest can be confirmed on the score sheet (Rule 5.1.2.1)
5.2 Coach
5.2.1 During the game, the coach sits on the sidelines and guides his team to play. The coach makes requests for lineups, timeouts, substitutes, etc. to the second referee.
5.2.2 The coach shall register or check the name and number on his own players’ record sheet before the game and sign it.
5.2.3 During the game
5.2.3.1 Before each game, the coach should hand over the completed and signed player lineup sheet to the scorer or second referee.
5.2.3.2 During the game, he must sit on the players' bench closest to the scorer, but he may leave the bench temporarily.
5.2.3.3 Request a timeout or substitute player.
5.2.3.4 The coach can stand or walk between the barrier-free area in front of the players’ bench and the warm-up area to provide guidance, but must not interfere with or delay the game.
5.3 Assistant Coach
5.3.1 The assistant coach sits on the player bench but has no authority to schedule the game.
5.3.2 If the coach must leave the team, the assistant coach may perform the coach's tasks at the request of the game captain and with the approval of the first referee.
Chapter 3 Competition Form
6. Score one point, win a game, win a game
6.1 Score one point
6.1.1 When a team commits a foul, the referee will blow the whistle and impose penalties according to the following rules
6.1.1.1 If there are more than two consecutive fouls, only the first foul will be counted.
6.1.1.2 If the fouls of both sides occur at the same time, it is called a foul on both sides, the ball will not be counted, and the game will be restarted.
6.1.2 Foul Result
As a result of the foul, one point will be lost:
6.1.2.1 If the receiving team commits a foul, the serving team will lose one point. One point and continued possession of the serve.
6.1.2.2 If the serving team commits a foul, the opposing team will score one point and gain the right to serve.
6.2 wins a game
From the first week to the fourth game, the first to score 25 points and lead by at least 2 points wins a game (except the fifth game) if the score is 24 When :24, you must lead the opponent team by 2 points, (for example: 26:24;27:25)
6.3 wins one game
6.3.1 wins three games The team is the winner of the game.
6.3.2 If the number of games is 2 to 2, in the deciding game (fifth game), the first player to score 15 points and lead the opponent by 2 points wins.
6.4 The team does not appear and the lineup is incomplete
6.4.1 If the team still refuses to appear after being warned by the referee, it will be declared disqualified. The opponent team wins with a score of 0:25 in each round and 0:3 in the game.
6.4.2 If a team does not play within the specified time without justifiable reasons, it will be declared absent and the result will be the same as rule 6.4.1.
6.4.3 If the team's lineup is incomplete and cannot play in the game or game (Rule 7.3.1.1), the team will be deemed to have failed in the game or game. The opposing team will receive the points or points and games required to win the game or match. Teams that fail to complete the game will maintain their original points and innings.
7. Competition procedures
7.1 Coin toss: Before the game, the first referee will perform a coin toss to determine the right to serve and the right to play in the first week. If it is necessary to enter the decisive game, the first referee must The coin toss choice again.
7.1.1 Toss a coin in front of the captains of the two teams.
7.1.2 The winner of the coin toss may choose one of the following:
7.1.2.1 Right to serve or receive the ball.
7.1.2.2 Select venue.
The loser has only one other choice.
7.1.3 If two teams warm up in front of the net one after another, the team that serves first will start first.
7.2 Warm-up time
7.2.1 If there is field practice before the game, each team will have 3 minutes to warm up; otherwise, each team can have 5 minutes.
7.2.2 If the captains of the two teams agree to warm up together before the game, according to the provisions of Rule 7.2.1, the two teams can conduct warm-up activities for 6 minutes or 10 minutes at the same time.
7.3 Team lineup
7.3.1·Each team must always maintain six players on the court.
7.3.1.1 The player position rotation order determined at the beginning of each round must be maintained until the end of the round.
7.3.1.2·If the team chooses to register a free defensive player, the free defensive player's jersey number must be marked on the lineup sergeant along with the numbers of the six starting players in the first week.
7.3.2 Before the start of each game, the coach must write the team’s lineup on the lineup sheet, sign it and hand it to the second referee or recorder.
7.3.3 Any player not listed in the lineup is a substitute.
7.3.4 Once the lineup is submitted, it cannot be changed.
7.3.5 If the player’s actual position does not match the position filled in the lineup sheet:
7.3.5.1 Players must follow the lineup sheet before the start of the game. Corrections to the positions shown above will not be penalized.
7.3.5.2 Similarly, if one or more players are not listed on the lineup, the players must be replaced as listed in the lineup without penalty.
7.3.5.3 However, if the coach wishes to keep a player who is not on the roster, he must request a legal substitute and record it on the score sheet.
7.4 Position
When the server hits the ball, the players on both sides must be arranged in the order of rotation in their respective courts (except the server)
7.4.1 Player positions are as follows:
7.4.i.1 The three players lined up along the net are the front row players and should stand at position 4 (left), position 3 (center) and Position 2 (right)
7.4.1.2 The other three are back row players, standing at position 5 (left), position 6 (center) and position 1 (right)
7.4.2 Relationship position between players
7.4.2.1 Each back row player must be positioned further from the net than its corresponding front row player.
7.4.2.2 Players in the front and back row must be arranged in order (Rule 7.4.1)
7.4.3 The position of the players is determined by the position where their feet contact the ground as follows
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7.4.3.1 Each front row player must have at least one foot that is closer to the midline than the correspondingly positioned back row player's feet,
7.4.3.2 Each player The players on the right (left) side must have at least part of their feet closer to the right (left) sideline than the feet of the middle player in the same row.
7.4.4 Once the ball is released, players can move freely in their own court and barrier-free areas.
7.5 Position error
7.5.1 When the server hits the ball, if a player does not stand in his prescribed position, the player will be deemed to have committed a foul (Rules 7.3 and 7.4)< /p>
7.5.2 If the server commits a foul when hitting the ball (Rules 13.4 and 13.7.1) before the position error, a service foul will be assessed.
7.5.3 If the server commits a foul after hitting the ball (Rule 13.7.2), it is a rotation error foul.
7.5.4 The penalties for positional errors are as follows:
7.5.4.1 The team concedes a goal (Rule 6.1.2)
7.5.4.2 The player shall immediately Return to the correct position.
7.6 Rotation
7.6.1 The rotation order, serving order, and player positions of the entire game are determined by the lineup.
7.6.2 When the receiving team obtains the right to serve, the players of the team must rotate one position in a clockwise direction (the player in position 2 rotates to position 1 to serve, and the player in position 1 rotates to position 6) position, and so on)
7.7 Rotation Error
7.7.1 When the serve is not performed in the rotation order, it is a rotation error (Rule 7.6.1). The following results will occur:
7.7.1.1 The team that makes a wrong rotation shall forfeit the right to serve (Rule 6.1.2) and the opposing team shall score one point (Rule 6.2) and shall have the right to serve.
7.7.1.2 Correct the player rotation order.
7.7.2 In addition to this, the scorer shall immediately determine the correct time of the error. Any points scored by the offending team during the error period shall be cancelled, and any points scored by the opposing team shall remain valid.
If the wrong time cannot be determined, the score will not be cancelled, and the offending team will only be awarded a goal.
8. Player substitution
Player substitution means that the referee allows a player to leave the field and another player to take his place (Rule 16.5)
8.1 Substitution restrictions
8.1.1 Each team is allowed to have up to six substitutes per game, and one or more players can be substituted at the same time.
8.1.2 Players who are on the court at the beginning of each round can only leave the court once and re-enter the court once in that round, but only to return to the original playing position.
8.1.3 A substitute player can only play once per game to replace the player who started the game. At the same time, the substitute player can only be replaced by the player who was originally substituted.
8.2 Exception Substitution
When a player is injured and unable to continue playing, (except for free defensive players, Rule 8.5.2.4) shall be a legal substitute. If the team has no possibility of legal substitution, Exception substitutions may be used without the restrictions set out in Rule 8.1.
Exceptional substitution refers to any player (except free defensive players) who is not on the field to replace an injured player. The injured player is not allowed to enter the game again.
8.3 Expelling a Substitute
A player who is expelled or disqualified (Rules 21.3.2, 21.3·3) must be substituted in a legal manner. If there is no possibility of legal substitutes, the team shall be deemed to have an incomplete lineup (Rules 6.4.3; 7.3.1.1)
8.4 Illegal substitutes
8.4.1 Any player who substitutes more than According to the provisions of Rule 8.1, it is an illegal substitute (except for the circumstances specified in Rule 8.2)
8.4.2 When the team constitutes an illegal substitute and the game is discovered after the game has restarted (Rule 9.1), then The following procedures shall be followed:
8.4.2.1 The penalty for illegal substitution is that the opposing team will score one point and have the right to serve. (Rule 6.1.2)
8.4.2.2 An erroneous substitute shall be corrected immediately.
8.4.2.3 All points scored by the team during the error period shall be cancelled, while the points scored by the opposing team shall remain unchanged. efficient.
8.5 Libero
8.5.1 Libero (Rule 4.1.2) must be clearly marked on the score sheet before the game, and the number must also be on the first inning. Marked on the lineup sheet (Rule 7.3.1.3).
8.5.2 Special rules for free defense players:
8.5.2.1 Equipment
Free defense players must wear clothing that is clearly different in color or style from other players. Match uniforms (Rule 4.3.5)
8.5.2.2 Match conduct
(a) A free defensive player may substitute for any back-row player.
(b) Free defensive players can only play the role of back-row players, and cannot hit the ball higher than the top of the net to the opposite area (including the court and the barrier-free area). The free defender may not serve, block or attempt to block. When a free defensive player uses his master's fingers to pass the ball in the front area and extended area, his teammates are not allowed to complete the attack with the ball higher than the top of the net. If the free defender passes the ball with his fingers in the back area, his teammates can hit the ball at will.
8.5.2.3 Player substitutions
(a) The substitutions of free defensive players are not counted as legal and normal substitutions. The number of substitutions and the objects of substitution are not limited, but their exit must be mutually exclusive with the original player. Substitutes must pass through a dead ball when subbing again.
(b) Exchange timing:
i After the second referee checks the lineup before the start of each game;
ii When the ball becomes dead during the game
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iiiBlow the whistle before serving. Free defensive players may enter or exit the field only in front of the dugout between the offensive line and the end line.
8.5.2.4 Substitution of injured free defense players:
(a) With the permission of the first referee, when a free defense player is injured, he must substitute with an off-field player and shall not participate in all games. Remaining
games. (Including substituted players)
(b) A player designated as a substitute for an injured free defenseman may only serve as a free defenseman for the remainder of the game.
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Chapter 4 Game Behavior
9. Game Situation
9.1 Start of the Game
The first referee blows the whistle and starts serving ;The game starts from the moment the server hits the ball.
9.2 What constitutes a dead ball
When a foul is committed during the game and the referee blows the whistle, a dead ball is constituted. If there is no foul, the ball will be dead from the time the whistle blows.
9.3 Inbound ball
When the ball touches the ground including the court boundary line, it is an "inbound ball" (Rule 1.3.2)
< p>9.4 Throw-in ballWhen the following situations occur, it is a "throw-in ball"
9.4.1 When the part of the ball that touches the ground falls completely outside the boundary line;
9.4.2 When the ball touches any object outside the court, such as the ceiling or non-playing players;
9.4.3 When the ball touches the marking pole, rope, net post or the net itself other than the marking pole or marking tape ;
9.4.4 When all or part of the sphere passes through its vertical surface outside the effective net space (except in the case of Rule 11.1.2)
9.4.5 All the spheres droop through the net Face it. (Rule 11.1.3)
10. Shots of the game: Each team must play the ball within its own playing area (except Rule 11.1.2). In any case, the save can hit the ball from the barrier-free area. Back.
10.1 Team’s number of hits
Each team is allowed at most three hits (except blocks, Rule 15.4.1) to hit back to the opposite zone. If more than one hit, it constitutes four hits. ball.
The calculation of the number of hits for the entire team includes not only intentional hits by the players, but also unintentional touches.
10.1.1 Continuous hitting
The same player may not hit the ball twice in a row (except blocking, rules 10.2.3, 15.2·, 15.4.2)
< p>10.1.2 Touching the ball at the same timeTwo or three players may touch the ball at the same time.
10.1.2.1 When two (three) teammates touch the ball at the same time, it shall be regarded as two (three) hits (except blocking)
If two (three) teammates If both players hit the ball but only one person touches the ball, it is considered a hit.
If players from the same team collide with each other, it is not considered a foul.
10.1.2.2 If both players touch the ball above the net at the same time and the game continues, the team receiving the ball still has the right to hit the ball three times.
If the ball falls out of bounds, it will be a foul on the opposing team in the area where the ball is located.
10.1.2.3 If both players touch the ball at the same time and cause "holding the ball" (Rule 10.2.2), it will be deemed a foul by both parties (Rule 6.1.1.2)
The ball will be served again .
10.1.3 Hitting with help
Players may not use teammates or any structures/objects as support for hitting the ball within the playing area.
However, if a player is about to commit a foul (touching the net or crossing the center line, etc.), his teammates can stop him or pull him back.
10.2 Characteristics of hitting the ball
10.2.1 The ball can be touched with any part of the body.
10.2.2 The ball must be hit clearly. The ball must not be held or thrown. The ball can bounce in any direction.
10.2.3 The ball can touch several parts of the body, but it must touch at the same time.
Exception:
10.2.3.1 When blocking, the ball may touch one or more blockers several times in a row, but it must occur in the same action (Rule 15.2.)< /p>
10.2.3.2 When a team hits the ball for the first time (Rules 10.1, 15.4.1), the ball can continuously touch multiple parts of the body as long as it occurs in the same action.
10.3 Batting Foul
10.3.1 Four-Blow: The team touches the ball four times before the ball is returned to the opponent's court (Rule 10.1)
10.3.2 Hitting the ball with help: A player uses a teammate or any structure/object as a support for the ball within the playing area (Rule 10.1.3).
10.3.3 Holding the ball: The player fails to hit the ball clearly (Rule 10.2.2) and instead holds and throws the ball.
10.3.4 Combo: A player hits the ball twice in a row or the ball touches several parts of the body (Rule 10.2.3)
11·Near Tennis
11·1 The ball crosses the net
11.1.1 The ball sent to the opponent's court must effectively pass through the space on the net. The effective passing space is limited to the vertical part of the net, and its range is as follows:
11.1.1.1 Down to the top of the net.
11.1.1.2 Both sides are within the sign pole and its imaginary extension line.
11.1.1.3 Go up to the ceiling.
11.1.2 If part or all of the ball passes through the vertical plane of the net from outside the effective space and flies to the opponent's barrier-free area, it can be returned to continue the game as long as:
11.1.2.2 The player The ball does not touch the opponent's court
11.1.2.2 The ball is returned from outside the effective space on the same side, and the opponent must not interfere
11.1.3 When the ball completely crosses the vertical plane below the net , which is a "throw-in ball"
11.2 The ball touches the net
When the ball flies over the net (Rule ll.l.1), it can touch the net.
11·3 The ball hits the net
11.3.1 When the ball hits the net, the ball can be saved within the limit of the team's three hits (Rule 10.1). (Except for serve)
11.3.2 If the ball breaks the mesh of the net or knocks the net down, the ball will not count and the ball will be served again. (Except for serve, Rule 11.2)
12. Players near the net
12.1 Hands over the net
12.1.1 When blocking, if it does not hinder the opponent's attack
The blocker may touch the ball across the net (Rule 15.3)
12.1.2 When the offensive player hits the ball in his own playing space, his hand is The ball can go over the net smoothly.
12.2 Invading the opponent’s area under the net
12.2.1 As long as it does not hinder the opponent’s activities, players are allowed to invade the opponent’s space from under the net.
12.2.2 Invading the opponent's court across the center line:
12.2.2.1 It is allowed to touch the opponent's court with only one (palm) or both feet (palm), but the intrusion is only (palm) )/Both feet (palms) must still have part of them in contact with or above the midline.
12.2.2.2 It is prohibited to touch the opponent's court with any other part of the body.
12.2.3 Players may enter the opponent's court after the ball is dead (Rule 9.2)
12.2.4 If the activities of the opponent's players are not hindered, players may invade the opponent's clear court. area.
12.3 Touching the net
12.3.1 If a player touches the net or the marker pole without attempting to hit the ball, it is not considered a foul (Rule 12.4.4).
12.3.2 Once a player hits the ball, he or she may touch the net posts, ropes or other objects beyond the full length of the net. However, it must not interfere with the game.
12.3.3 If the ball is hit into the net and causes the net to touch an opponent's player, no foul will be considered.
12.4 Foul by a player near the net
12.4.1 Before or during the opponent's attack, a player touches the ball or an opponent's player in the opponent's space (Rule 12.1.1)
12.4.2 Players invade the opponent's space from behind the net to interfere with the opponent's activities (Rule 12.2.1)
12.4.3 Players invade the opponent's court (Rule 12.2.2.2)
12.4.4 When a player attempts to hit the ball, he touches the net and the marking pole (Rule 12.3.1)
13. Serve
Serve means that the player on the right side of the back row is in the service area The action of entering the game by hitting the ball with one hand or arm.
(Rule 13.4.1)
13.1 The first serve of a game
13.1.1 The first serve of the first game and the deciding game (fifth game) is by tossing a coin. Decision (Rule 7.1)
13.1.2 In other rounds, the team that did not serve first in the previous round will start serving.
13.2 Order of serving
13.2.1 Players of each team must serve in order according to the order of the lineup (Rule 7.3.1.2)
13.2.2 Every After the first serve of the game, the subsequent server shall be determined in the following manner:
13.2.2.1 When the serving team wins the ball, the original player shall serve again
13.2. 2.2 When the receiving team wins the ball, the receiving team shall obtain the right to serve and take turns (Rule 7.6.2). The player on the right side of the front row moves to the right position of the back row to serve.
13.3 Instruct the server to serve
The first referee can instruct the player to serve after confirming that the server has taken the ball and the players on both sides are ready to enter the game.
13.4 Executing the serve
13.4.1 After the ball is thrown or leaves the hand, the ball should be hit with one hand or any part of the arm.
13.4.2 At the moment of hitting the serve or when the jump serve takes off, the server shall not touch the court area (including the end line) or the ground outside the service area. After hitting the ball, you can step into or land outside the teeing area or inside the court.
13.4.3 After the first referee blows the whistle to instruct the ball to be served, the server must hit the ball within eight seconds.
13.4.4 The ball served before the referee blows the whistle is invalid and must be served again.
13.5 Covering
13.5.1 Players of the serving team shall not use individual or collective covering to prevent the opponent from observing the server or the flight path of the ball.
13.5.2 When serving, players shall not, individually or collectively, wave their arms, jump or move sideways. When the ball flies over the assembled players, it forms a screen.
13.6 Serving Fouls 13.6.1 Even if the opponent is in the wrong position (Rule 13.7.1), the following fouls become service changes. Server: 13.6.1.1 Violation of the order of service (Rule 13.2). 13.6.1.2 Failure to serve as required (Rule 13.4).
13.6.2 Serving foul: Foul after hitting the ball. After the ball is served, the situation that causes the serving foul is as follows (unless there is a player position error): (Rule 13.7.2) When the ball: 13.6.2.1 Touches the player of the serving team?/td>< /p>