The word kongming
A famous politician in the Three Kingdoms period
Military strategist. Born in April 18 1 year 14.
Died on August 28th, 234.
At the age of 54. Guanghe Emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 18 1)
Zhuge Liang was born in a small bureaucratic landlord family. His father, Zhuge Gui, was the magistrate of Taishan County in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Liang's parents died one after another when he was young, and he was raised by his uncle Zhuge Xuan. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, his brother Zhu Gejin fled to Jiangdong because of frequent wars in his hometown. He left his hometown with his uncle Zhuge Jun and took refuge in Zhang Yu (now Nanchang, Jiangxi), and then went to Jingzhou with his uncle to take refuge in Liu Biao. Two years of Jian 'an (19 7)
Xuan died of illness Zhuge Liang, 17 years old, was in Longzhong, 20 miles west of Xiangyang City (now Xiangyang West, Hubei Province).
Cultivate Long Mu.
Seclusion. From then on, after farming, he read widely, made close friends, studied the art of war, observed the situation and thought deeply about policies. Although he lives in seclusion, he is valued by the world for his erudition, foresight and ambition, and is called "Wolong". Jian 'an 12 years
After repeated setbacks, Liu Bei
Eager to win the support of the wise
Recommended by counselor Xu Shu.
Face the cold bravely
make three calls at the thatched cottage/repeatedly request sb to take up a post
Visit Zhuge Liang. Frankly speaking, it is for the sake of equating the heroes, strengthening the Han people and unifying the whole country. When Liang saw that Liu Bei was determined to win, he told his long-term plan in Longzhong. Liu Bei said happily, "There is Kong Ming in solitude and water in fish." . In order to repay Liu Bei's kindness, Zhuge Liang came out to help. Since then, he has stepped onto the political stage. During his 27 years as prime minister,
"Do your best and die." July 13th year of Jian 'an (2008)
After Cao Cao basically unified the north,
Send troops south
march into
Pointing at Liu Bei. Han Bo defeated Liu Bei in Dangyang. Going down the river, I want to destroy Jiangdong in one fell swoop. At this time, Sun Quan held a wait-and-see attitude. Zhuge Liang analyzed the grim situation at that time and advocated uniting Sun and Cao Cao, which achieved great success. And personally went to Chai Sang to meet Sun Quan, stated the pros and cons, and argued with Confucianism. Sun Quan was impressed and formed an alliance on the spot. Immediately ordered Zhou Yu and others to lead a water army of 30,000 to unite with Liu Bei, rejected Cao Jun in Chibi, and defeated Cao Jun with fire. This is the famous Battle of Red Cliffs in history. The back beam helped Liu Bei attack Jingzhou and then take Yizhou. Jian' an twenty-six years
Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei in proclaiming himself emperor in Chengdu
Formally establish the Shu-Han regime
Pro-prime minister Wei, Shu, and Wu were all formed. Zhang Sannian (AD 223)
Liu Bei died of illness. On his deathbed, he entrusted his son Liu Chan to Zhuge Liang. Since then, "there are no details in politics, and the salt is determined by the light." In managing internal affairs, Zhuge Liang implemented many effective measures: reducing exploitation, reclaiming farmland, restoring and developing agriculture; Select talents to improve their ability, strengthen the legal system, and have clear rewards and punishments: strictly observe military discipline and never disturb the people. It was founded for three years (AD 225) in order to eliminate the barriers and contradictions with the ethnic minorities in Nanzhong Capital.
Zhuge Liang personally led the army south.
Meng Huo, the leader of ethnic minorities, captured seven times.
Make them happy and honest.
Live in peace. Jianxing was established more than five years ago (AD 227).
Zhuge Liang prepared for Cao Wei's Northern Expedition.
Unify the whole country. Before he left, he wrote a famous "model", asking the former master to allow him to "command the three armies and set the Central Plains in the north". Since the spring of the following year, Zhuge Liang led the army to attack Wei in five decisive battles and left Qishan for the second time. The last time Gu Jie sent troops, Wu Zhangyuan, who was stationed on the south bank of Wei River, and Sima Yi, the general of Wei State, held a stalemate for more than 100 days. In August of the twelfth year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang finally died of overwork in Zhang Wuyuan's army. Later generations praised Zhuge Liang as the best at "supporting the top and holding the danger". He "stood upright and bowed as an example." "The Story of Xiangyang" said: "At dawn, people wanted to build a temple, but the court advised them with courtesy and refused to listen. Therefore, the people privately sacrifice Taoist priests because of the season. " "Continued Talk about Surrounding Water" records: "People in Shushan all wear scarves, which are said to be Zhuge Gong's clothes. Those who live far-reaching lives will not be removed. " Even Sima Yi, the hostile general of Wei, admired him and called him a "genius in the world". In order to commemorate this great politician and military fact, in the places where he lived and fought, his later family members, Hubei, Sichuan, Henan, Shandong, Zhejiang and other places built "Wuhou Temple" and "Memorial Hall", and there was also a "Zhuge Liang Research Society" all over the country.
Kong is Zhuge Liang (18 1-234), whose real name is Kong Ming, whose word is Wolong, and Langxie (now yinan county, Shandong). He is a descendant of Zhuge Feng, a captain of Li Si in the Han Dynasty. In the fourth year of Han Guanghe (18 1), Zhuge Liang was born in a bureaucratic family in Langxie Yang Du. Zhuge family is a noble family of Lang Xie, and Zhuge Feng, the ancestor of Zhuge, was a captain of the official department in the Han and Yuan Dynasties. Zhuge Liang's father, Zhuge Gui, named Simon, worked as a county magistrate in Taishan in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang lost his father in his early years and came to Zhang Yu with his younger brother Zhuge Jun, who was appointed as the magistrate by Yuan Shu. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhuge Xuan was replaced by Zhu Hao, and Zhuge Xuan went to his old friend Jingzhou to shepherd Liu Biao. In the second year of Jian 'an (197), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his brothers and sisters lost their livelihood and moved to Longzhong (now 20 miles west of Xiangyang County).
Say that seclusion is Nanyang? ), live in seclusion in the countryside to farm and make a living. In the fourth year of Jian 'an (199), Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied under Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror. Zhuge Liang's reading was different from that of most people at that time. He doesn't stick to one chapter and one sentence, but looks at it roughly. He likes to recite the old ballad "Song of Fu Liang". Through painstaking research, he is not only familiar with astronomy and geography, but also with tactical art of war. He is ambitious and takes the world as his responsibility. Zhuge Liang also paid great attention to observing and analyzing the society at that time and accumulated rich knowledge of governing the country and using troops. In the 12th year of Jian 'an (207), when Zhuge Liang was 27 years old, Liu Bei visited the Caotang in Longzhong, Xiangyang, and met Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang brilliantly analyzed the situation at that time, and put forward the strategic idea of seizing Jing and Yi as a base, reforming politics at home, uniting with Sun Quan abroad, appeasing Yi Yue in the south, waiting for an opportunity, dividing the troops into two northern expeditions and unifying the whole country. [Longzhong, today is Xiangyang Longzhong, and there is Nanyang, which is difficult to decide. After listening to Zhuge Liang's incisive and thorough analysis, Liu Bei's thoughts were suddenly enlightened. He felt that Zhuge Liang's talents were rare, so he earnestly asked Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain and help him complete the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang came out to assist Liu Bei, forming the momentum of the Three Kingdoms. ? Zhuge Liang stepped forward in times of crisis, assisted Liu Bei and United his grandson against Cao. Chibi defeated Cao Jun and seized Jingzhou. Jian 'an sixteen years, captured Yizhou. Then he defeated Cao Jun and won Hanzhong. In twenty-six years, Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the prime minister to preside over state affairs. In the third year of the military war (223), Liu Bei was critically ill, and later things depended on each other. After Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, Zhuge Liang was named the marquis of Wuxiang and was in charge of Yizhou animal husbandry. Diligent and prudent, big and small political affairs must be hands-on, strict rewards and punishments, good relations with all ethnic groups in southwest China, reclamation, and strengthening combat readiness. In the fifth year of lite (227), Shangshu (the "model") was stationed in Liu Chan, and the army was stationed in Hanzhong. It explored the Central Plains six times before and after, and many of them failed with grain. Twelve years, eventually due to overwork, died in Zhang Wu's original army. Zhuge Liang was an outstanding politician, thinker and strategist in Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. For thousands of years, Zhuge Liang became the embodiment of wisdom, and his legendary story was told by the world. Zhuge Liang's writings, in the "Three Kingdoms", include "Catalogue of Zhuge Ji", 24 articles, 104 1 12 words. Zhuge Zhongwu Hou Ji compiled by A Qing Zhang Shu is a relatively complete work. Zhuge Liang's main works in his life are: Front Model, Back Model, Longzhong Dui and so on. Due to the need of combat, he studied astronomy, magic and Taoism in depth, and talked a lot about the romance of the Three Kingdoms. Zhuge Liang is ingenious, resourceful and thoughtful. He once innovated the crossbow and fired 10 arrows at the same time. As a "wooden cow flowing horse", it is convenient for military transportation in mountainous areas; He also derived Sun Tzu's Art of War and made an "eight-array map". There are many memorial sites for Zhuge Liang, and there are dozens in China. There is an endless stream of tourists. The earliest Wuhou Temple in China is located in Mianxian County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province. Mianxian Wuhou Temple is the first Wuhou Temple in the world. Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County was built in the spring of the sixth year of Jing Yao (AD 263). In August, 234, Zhuge Liang died of overwork in Wuzhangyuan, the front line of the Northern Expedition, at the age of 54. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties, was named as the marquis of Wuxiang (Wuxiang is now Wuxiang Town of Hanzhong City) before his death, and was later named as the marquis of loyalty and righteousness by Liu Chan, so his temple was honored as the temple of marquis of Wuhou in history. Now the Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County is magnificent and large-scale, with more than 60 halls in the courtyard, which is not only a place to mourn the sages, but also a place to visit cultural relics. More significantly, the location of Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County was the former site of Zhuge Liang's "Hangyuan Xiangfu" during his northern expedition to Hanzhong. At present, in addition to Chengdu Wuhou Temple and Mianxian Wuhou Temple, there are Nanyang Wuhou Temple, Baidicheng Wuhou Temple, Yunnan Baoshan Wuhou Temple and Qishan Wuhou Temple. In addition, there are Wuzhangyuan Zhuge Temple built before the Tang Dynasty, Wuhou Temple built in the Ming Dynasty (Puyin, Hubei) and Huangling Temple built during the Jian 'an period (Yichang, Hubei). Zhuge Town in Lanxi, Zhejiang Province, was named after Zhuge Liang's descendants lived here for generations. The Prime Minister's Temple was built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, which has been more than 370 years. There are 52 ancient buildings in the Prime Minister's Temple, which contains Zhuge Liang's spiritual position. In recent years, the Prime Minister's Temple in Lanxi has gradually gained fame and influence. It is a great historic site in Lanxi and a land of Range Rover. 2007-05-02 19:04:33 Supplement: When it comes to Zhuge Liang, everyone in China knows it. Feather fan rocking, strategizing, winning thousands of miles away; One after another, Long Zhong Dui, Empty City Plan and Battle of Red Cliffs made many people prostrate themselves under Zhuge Liang's wisdom. It can be said that he has completely become the embodiment of wisdom in China, and there are many praises in history textbooks-"a famous politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period"; "During his administration, he made great efforts, strictly rewarded and punished, and pursued the policy of reclamation, which improved the relationship with all ethnic groups in southwest China and promoted the development of local economy and culture"; "Zhuge Liang, a politician through the ages, is almost perfect" and so on. 2007-05-02 19:05:28 Supplement: I worshipped Zhuge Liang when I was a child. When I grow up, I feel that he also has many shortcomings, even serious shortcomings. It can be said that Zhuge Liang was held too high in China. I think we should return the true colors of history and seek truth from facts. One: Zhuge Liang's view of talent From this point of view, there is no doubt that Zhuge Liang is a complete failure! Why? There is an idiom to prove it-"There is no general in Shu, but Liao Hua is the pioneer". When I said this on the Internet, many people excused him for various reasons. For example, Shu is small and lacks talents; In the battle of Yiling, the elite in Shu did their best ... I don't think this is a reason at all! First of all, compared with Liu Bei's talent exploration, we can see Zhuge Liang's shortcomings. 2007-05-02 19:06:34 Supplement: Liu Bei's concern for humble abode and his concern for famous men such as Wei Yan, Huang Zhong and Yan Yan all reflect his desire and pursuit for talents. In this way, Liu Bei started from a humble cloth and followed Zhao for many years. Then, from Jingzhou to Yizhou, many literati warriors followed. At that time, there were many talents and a prosperous scene in Shu. And after Liu Bei died? The basics used by Zhuge Liang were discovered by Liu Bei. It has been proved by Fei Yi, Jiang Wan and Dong Yun that Zhuge Liang is good at discovering talents. In fact, Fei Yi, Jiang Wan and Dong Yun were all reused in the era of Liu Bei. 2007-05-02 19:07:00 Supplement: It was Jiang Wei who was really discovered by Zhuge Liang, but his application was not the blessing of Shu Han. Kongming left Qishan and never rebelled, even worse than Wei Yan; Never led an important battle alone, even worse than Wang Ping; After Kong Ming's death, he took part in getting rid of Wei Yan, the pillar of Shu. Liao Hua and Zhang Yi were both early generals, resulting in no generals in Shu. In fact, the nine-felling of the Central Plains was unpopular and dragged down the economy, but he persisted; In the deployment of rear forces, he created conditions for the successful smuggling of Wargo; In the end, once it fell, Wei also fell. 2007-05-02 19:07:36 Supplement: It can be said that Zhuge Liang has arrived, basically eating Liu Bei's "capital"! Look at employing people again. "Everything is in the performance, do your best. People with lofty ideals strive for merit "(see Biography of the Ancestors). This is the way of employing people by a generation of lean Liu Bei. Therefore, many literati followed and were willing to make contributions to Shu Han. As for Zhuge Liang, from a historical point of view, Ma Chao, Zhao Yun and others were all overwhelmed, which led to his melancholy death. Li Yan is second only to Kong Ming in Liu Bei's eyes. When Liu Bei died, "Yan and Zhuge Liang assisted in the testamentary edict, and Yan was the middle supervisor to protect internal and external military affairs."
Zhuge Liang (18 1-234) was born in Yang Du, Langya County (now yinan county). Minister of Shu in the Three Kingdoms period, a famous politician, strategist and diplomat. Early Life 18 1 Zhuge Liang was born in Yang Du, Langya County, with a family background of 1,000 stones (that is, a salary of 1,000 stones). Nine-year-old mother Zhang passed away. 12 years old, his father Zhuge Jue died. Raised by my uncle Zhuge Xuan. 197 Uncle died, and Zhuge Liang and his younger brother Zhuge Jun moved to Nanyang County. Located in Wollongong, west of Nanyang, Henan; When it comes to Longxi in Xiangfan City, Hubei Province, it may have belonged to Nanjun at that time. Although he is engaged in agricultural farming, he is still ambitious. People compare him with Guan Zhong and Le Yi, and others often laugh at him. Only Cui and Xu Shu, who have made good friends with Zhuge Liang, believe that Zhuge Liang has such talent. Zhuge Liang studied under Pang Degong (Pang Tong's uncle) and other famous people at that time, and married Huang Zhi, a famous woman. During his stay in Sichuan, Zhuge Liang mainly relied on the old clan brought from Jingzhou, and at the same time paid attention to netting the former Liu Zhang subordinates and Yizhou strongmen. He also vigorously promoted talented people who were born in poverty, and was hailed as a tool for people to make the best use of their talents. He has strict laws and regulations, believes in rewards and punishments, implements the policy of reclaiming farmland and improves ethnic relations. In 22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, established Shu Han, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as prime minister, which recorded the history. In 223 (the third year of Zhangwu), Liu Bei was seriously ill, and Zhuge Liang was the only one left. After Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, he took the Prime Minister as assistant minister and led Yizhou to shepherd Wuxiang Hou. There is controversy about when Zhuge Liang came to power. Some people think that Liu Bei has always attached great importance to Zhuge Liang and entrusted him with a heavy responsibility. Others believe that Zhuge Liang didn't really have the power to pursue his own ideas until Liu Bei died. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Chen Shou wrote 24 "Zhuge Liang Collection",104,000 words. Wang Mingqi wrote The Complete Book of Wuhou, Shu wrote Collected Works of Zhuge Zhong Wuhou, Longzhong Dui and Mourning Zhou Yu (Liang Ben and Yu Ben did not see it, but it contained romance, so it should be added to Luo Guanzhong's art), and the former model and the latter model were suspected as forgeries by later generations. ) Commandment Book, Nephew Commandment Book, Jiang Yuan (also known as Heart Book, most scholars think that it was not written by Zhuge Liang, but later generations wrote it in his name), the lessons of Ma Qian (by no means Zhuge Liang's works) and Zhuge Qiao, the son of the Sixteen Cheap Strategies: Zhuge Liang's successor, Zhu Gejin adopted it to Zhuge Liang, whose word is deep in the original word, and the official is General Yiwu. Zhuge Zhan: (A.D. 227-263) Philip Burkart, aged 65,438+07, was recruited by his late master Liu Shan as a Xu. He has served as commander-in-chief, lieutenant, servant of ministers, strategist and general. After 26 1 year, he co-managed the military and political affairs of Shu and Han with TEPCO. In 263 AD, Wei sent Wargo to Shu, and Zhuge Zhan led the troops to fight in Fucheng. Wargo wrote to surrender, and Zhuge Zhan was furious. In the decisive battle between Mianzhu and Wei Jun, he died heroically with his son Zhuge Shang because he was outnumbered. Zhuge Huai: Zhuge Liang's youngest son, Wang Lan, a teacher of the Jin Dynasty, suggested to the court that the descendants of famous ministers of the Han Dynasty should be recruited to work in Beijing, but Zhuge Huai did not come. After investigation, I learned that I wanted Zhuge Huai to be knighted. He declined politely, saying that he could stand on his own feet and had no talent to make up for it. He is willing to die at home. Emperor Jin agreed to his request. Zhuge: Zhuge Liang's daughter. There is a view of truth in southwest Chengdu, that is, the view of smoking. According to ancient legend, Zhuge Guo practiced here, and became immortal and ascended to heaven. Zhuge Liang circulated a book of commandments: "A gentleman's journey is quiet to cultivate one's morality, frugality to cultivate one's morality, no ambition if he doesn't live, and no distance if he doesn't live." If you study quietly, you must study. If you don't study, you won't learn widely. If you have no ambition, you can't succeed. If you are slow, you can't be energetic, and if you are dangerous, you can't be radical. Time goes by, meaning goes by, and then becomes withered, not meeting the world, and staying in a poor house sadly. What will happen? According to ancient historical data, there is no record about the whereabouts of Zhuge Liang's descendants. 1992 The genealogy of Zhuge family in Gao Long was discovered in Zhuge Village, Lanxi, Zhejiang. According to records, the descendants of Zhuge Liang have been living in Lanxi, Zhejiang since the Song Dynasty. At present, descendants of Zhuge Liang mainly live in 1 1 villages and towns within 50 kilometers adjacent to Jiande, Lanxi and Longyou. There are more than 8,000 descendants of Zhuge Liang here, mostly the 49th and 50th generations of grandchildren of Zhuge Liang. The descendants of Zhuge Liang have lived in Zhejiang since the14th generation of Sun Zhuge Li and the Five Dynasties of Shou Chang County Magistrate. Shou Chang in the Five Dynasties was now Jiande, Zhejiang. Zhuge Li gave birth to Zhuge Qing, and the descendants of Zhuge Yincheng, the eldest son of Zhuge Qing, moved to Lu Quan Village in the Southern Song Dynasty. Lu Quan Village now belongs to Lanxi City, and there are 569 households in the village 109, including 450 descendants of Zhuge. The descendants of Zhuge Qing's second son, Zhuge Cheng, moved from Shou Chang to Shigu Banjiao, which is now shigu village, Lijia Town, Jiande County, Zhejiang Province. Now there are 292 descendants of Zhuge. The descendants of Zhuge Chengtu, the fourth son of Zhuge Qing, moved from Shou Chang to Hualong Village, Longyou County, Zhejiang Province. At present, there are 49 families and 230 people in the descendants of Zhuge. The descendants of Zhuge Liang, the third son of Zhuge Qing, moved to Gao Long, Zhejiang Province in the Southern Song Dynasty. The name of Gaolong takes the meaning that Zhuge Liang stands high among dragons. Gao Long is now Zhuge Town, Lanxi City. The descendants of Zhuge lived in seven villages around Gao Long. In the Ming Dynasty, people began to call Gao Long Zhuge Town, and it has been called until now. Now there are 2500 descendants of Zhuge in Zhuge Town, which is the most concentrated place of descendants of Zhuge and has now become the activity center of descendants of Zhuge. Zhuge Zhen Bao has Zhuge Grand Court and Prime Minister Ancestral Temple, which were built in the Ming Dynasty. Zhuge's genealogy is collected in the treasure house of the great court. This genealogy was revised 15 times, the first time was in the early Southern Song Dynasty, and the last time was 1947. At that time, * * * veteran Chen wrote a preface for the final revision of this genealogy.
Reference: History of the Three Kingdoms
Zhuge Liang (18 1 ~ 234) of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms was born in Yang Du, Langya County (now Yishui County, Shandong Province) of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms. When his teenage parents died, he followed his uncle to avoid chaos in Jingzhou and lived in seclusion in Longzhong, Nanyang. He often compares himself with Guan Zhonghe, likes to sing Song of Fu Liang, and makes friends with celebrities such as Pang Degong, Pang Tong, Huang, Cui and Xu Shu. His ingenuity is recognized by everyone, and he is called "Wolong". Marry Huang's daughter. When Liu Bei was stationed in Xinye, Xu Shu was the chief of staff and recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu. Liu Bei visited his Lu three times, and Zhuge Liang met him and immediately put forward the famous "Longzhong Dui". That is, the proposal of occupying Jing and Yi States, uniting Sun Quan, confronting Cao Cao and unifying the world. Won the appreciation of Liu Bei and became Liu Bei's main assistant from now on. Later, he helped Liu Bei defeat Cao Cao in Chibi, assisted Yizhou, and made Shu, Wei and Wucheng stand firm. After Cao Pi replaced Han as emperor, Liu Bei also became emperor, Zhuge Liang became prime minister and premier, and Guan Yu guarded Jingzhou. In the spring of the third year of Zhangwu (223), Liu Bei was dying in Yong 'an, and called Zhuge Liang to take care of the affairs, saying, "You are only ten times better than Cao Pi, and you will be able to settle down in the world and achieve great things in the end." If the heir can be assisted, he will be assisted; If he is incompetent, you can take his place. Zhuge Liang quickly cried: "I will try my best to bring out the best in each other, and I will be loyal to death!" " "After he acceded to the throne, he appointed Zhuge Liang as the marquis of Wuxiang, set up the Prime Minister's Office to handle daily affairs, and concurrently served as Yizhou Pastoral. At that time, the military, political and financial affairs of the whole country, big or small, were decided by Zhuge Liang. After Zhuge Liang came to power, the first important thing he did was to resume diplomatic relations with Soochow. After Liu Bei's death, Soochow continued to be a vassal of Wei, but on the other hand, it has not made up its mind how to deal with Shu, and it is still at the border of Shu. Zhuge Liang sent Deng Zhi, a minister, to persuade Sun Quan to unite with Shu and sever relations with Wei. At that time, when Liu Bei-dong attacked, the southern counties rebelled at the instigation of Wu Dong, which seriously threatened Shu Han. After Zhuge Liang came to power, he resumed diplomatic relations with Soochow and cut off foreign aid to South China. After two years of aftercare, Zhuge Liang wrote to his late master, determined to quell the rebellion in southern China. In the spring of the third year of Jianxing (225), Zhuge Liang led an army to conquer Nanzhong in three ways. In this war, Zhuge Liang used offensive tactics against Meng Huo, the rebel leader, which completely convinced him. After the war of counter-insurgency, Zhuge Liang drew lessons from the experience of "the princes encouraged each other", divided the four counties in the south into six counties, with Jianning County, the center of the rebellion, as the smallest, and used a large number of indigenous surnames as officials, in order to achieve the goal of not leaving soldiers, transporting grain and grass. Recruit more than 10,000 "Qing Qiang" from South China into Sichuan, and form five cavalry units with their youth and strength, which are called "Flying Army": set up a commander-in-chief to be responsible for the military and political affairs in South China. In December of that year, Zhuge Liang led the army back to Chengdu. In March of the fifth year of Wen (227), Zhuge Liang took the model to see his ancestors and led his army to Hanzhong to prepare for the Northern Expedition. He first trained in Hanzhong for about a year, and then attacked the north. Wei Nan 'an (Longxi, Gansu), Tianshui and Anding (Jichuan, Gansu) immediately fell to Shu. Wei Mingdi went to Chang 'an to supervise the war, while Cao Zhen supervised the right army, and adopted the strategy of giving priority to defense. The Shu army first took Gu Jielu's capture of Yan County as a threat, so that Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi led the army to take Ji Gu (now northwest of Shaanxi Baocheng) as the suspected army, and Zhuge Liang led the main force to attack Qishan in the west. Ma Su, who joined the army, led an army as a pioneer and was stationed in the street pavilion. Ma Su waved improperly, was defeated by Wei Jun, and lost the street pavilion. The Shu army lost its stronghold and had to retreat to Hanzhong (there was no "empty city plan" of Sima Yijun in official history). Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su with tears in his eyes, wrote to himself three times, and became prime minister as a right general. In the winter of 228, in the sixth year of Jianxing, Wei Jun attacked Wu in the third way, and Guanzhong was empty. Zhuge Liang led the army to the Northern Expedition again. The Shu army went through the big three passes this time, besieged Chencang for more than 20 days, and all the food was gone. In the seventh year of Jianxing (229), Zhuge Liang led the army to the third Northern Expedition. The Shu army marched westward, occupied Weiwudu and Yin Ping counties, and then returned. Zhuge Liang was reinstated as prime minister. During this period, the contradiction between Zhuge Liang and Li Yan became the focus of attention. It turns out that the two of them are entrusted by Liu Bei, and * * * is the assistant minister. Until lite four years (226), the relationship between them was relatively good. Zhuge Liang praised Li Yan in his letter to Mengda. But not long after, Li Yan wrote to Zhuge Liang, suggesting that he use the power of state affairs to become a knight and king like Cao Cao and accept the "Nine Tin", so that he can also get some benefits. Zhuge Liang was very angry about this and severely criticized Li Yan in his reply. Soon, before Zhuge Liang prepared to attack Wei, he asked Li Yan to guard Hanzhong with his 20 thousand army. Li Yan bargained for Zhuge Liang to draw five counties from the eastern part of Yizhou to set up Jiangzhou, and let him be the secretariat of Jiangzhou, but the transfer failed. Zhuge Liang put the overall situation first and compromised; In the seventh year of lite, before Kyle went to Wu Dong, he specifically asked Zhuge Liang to report Li Yan's clever deception, especially about some misdeeds of Li Yan when he was an official in his hometown in his early years, but it did not attract enough attention from Zhuge Liang. In the eighth year of Jianxing (230), he wanted to attack Shu in three ways. Zhuge Liang once again asked Li Yan to take 20 thousand troops to Hanzhong, and Li Yan bargained again. Zhuge Liang immediately gave in and appointed his son as the governor of Jiangzhou, and took over the work after Li Yan was transferred. Li Yan carried out the transfer order. In the ninth year of Jianxing (23 1), Zhuge Liang attacked Wei for the fourth time and put Li Yan in charge of logistics supply in Hanzhong. Li Yan failed to raise food and grass in time, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang that the emperor ordered the retreat. After Zhuge Liang withdrew his troops, he lied to the court that withdrawing troops was to lure the enemy. When Zhuge Liang came back, he pretended to be surprised and asked, "Do we have enough rations? Why did you suddenly flinch? "? " So Zhuge Liang took out Li Yan's letters in the court, signed them with many soldiers, impeached Li Yan, removed his Shu Ren and exiled him to Zitong. In February (234), the 12th year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang made the fifth northern expedition and led a large army out of the oblique valley, according to Wuzhangyuan (now 40 miles south of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province). This time, I made an appointment to attack Wei at the same time. However, Wu Dong has been slow to send troops. Until May, Sun sent Lu Xun to camp in Jiangxia and Miankou (now Hanzhen, Hubei) and attacked Xiangyang, while Sun Quan himself led the army to encircle the new town. In this regard, Wei Mingdi's strategy is to defeat Wu Dong first. He personally led the water army eastward, made Sima Yi, who was guarding the west, insist on not fighting and let the Shu army retreat. However, when Sun Quan learned of Wei Zhu's intention, he thought that his side had become the main battlefield and suffered losses, that is, he ordered all the troops to withdraw. On the western front. In view of the lessons from the past, Zhuge Liang divided his troops and settled in the field, intending to be stationed for a long time. In August of this year, Zhuge Liang suddenly fell ill and died at the front, at the age of 54. The Shu army retreated across the board. Zhuge Liang left a will before his death: "If you are buried in Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, just dig a grave on the hillside, and a coffin can be placed in the grave." . Wear ordinary clothes and don't bury things. Zhuge Liang's writings include the Catalogue of Collected Works of Zhuge Liang, with 24 articles, 104 1 12. Zhuge Zhongwu Hou Ji compiled by A Qing Zhang Shu is a relatively complete work.
Reference: Great China/Famous/Chen Xian/Zhuge Liang
Zhuge Liang (A.D. 18 1-234), whose name is Kongming, was named Mr. Wolong, and he was born in Yang Du. He devoted himself to Nanyang because of avoiding the world, lived in seclusion in Longzhong, read a lot of books and watched the current situation quietly. He was an outstanding political and military strategist at that time. On the recommendation of Xu Shu, Liu Bei visited the Caotang in Longzhong. Feeling this, he decided to help Liu Bei and put forward three strategies to help Liu Bei establish Shu State. Before Liu Bei died, Zhuge Liang entrusted an orphan to assist Liu Wei, the late master. After Liu Wei acceded to the throne, he was named Hou of Wuxiang, and also led Yizhou Pastoral. In order to fulfill Liu Bei's wish to unify the world before his death, he captured Meng Huo, the king of the barbarians, alive, thus pacifying the south. Then I went to the Northern Expedition and went out of Qishan six times, all of which failed because I met Sima Yi, a strong enemy. In August of the 12th year of Jianxing (AD 234), he broke down from overwork and died in Wuzhangyuan military camp. Before his death, he passed on his lifelong Juexue to Jiang Wei at the age of 54. Life > Zhuge Liang (18 1-234), born in Yang Du (now yinan county), was a famous politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period. Zhuge Liang grew up in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, when the political situation was turbulent and warlords fought. He lost his parents when he was a child and was brought up by his uncle. As a teenager, he went south to Zhang Yu with his uncle, and soon went to Xiangyang. After his uncle died of illness, he lived in seclusion in Longzhong near Xiangyang, plowing fields and acres, and compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi, and was called "Wolong". Liu Bei paid three visits to the cottage, and Zhuge Liang put forward the strategy of uniting Wu to resist Cao, helping Liu Bei to benefit from Jing and sharing the world with Wei and Wu. Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, established the Shu-Han regime, and took Zhuge Liang as prime minister. After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Chan, the late ruler, to repair the law, pacify the South China and northern expedition to Cao Wei, taking the restoration of the Han Dynasty as his own responsibility. During the fifth Northern Expedition, he died in Wuzhangyuan (now southwest of Shanxian County, Shaanxi Province). Zhuge Liang is loyal, honest, fair and dedicated, and his moral demeanor and brilliant achievements have always been admired and praised by future generations. Zhuge Liang's knowledge increased mainly after Xiangyang. At that time, there was chaos in the north, and a large number of scholars in the Central Plains moved south. In addition, Liu Biao attaches importance to academics, and Xiangyang is full of talents. The scale of official and private schools is very large, and literature and classics are also very rich. Zhuge Liang began to study in the "academic hall" set up by Liu Biao. After his uncle Zhuge Xuan died, he lived in seclusion in Longzhong, near Xiangyang, plowing and studying. During this period, he consulted famous scholars and met many young heroes. When reading, he is eclectic, learning from others' strengths and eclectic. Besides studying Confucian classics, I also read many books by legalists, strategists, strategists and Taoists. The 12-year study tour experience in Xiangyang laid a solid foundation for Zhuge Liang's achievements. I hope I can help you! ! 2007-05-02 18: 26: 38 Supplement: Unfortunately, Zhuge Liang's mother died of illness when he was two or three years old, leaving behind his brother Zhu Gejin, his younger brother Zhuge Jun and two sisters. When Zhuge Liang was seven or eight years old, his father died again. Later, their brothers and sisters had to rely on their uncle Zhuge Xuan's help. Unfortunately, my uncle passed away soon. In addition to grief, I built a thatched cottage in Longzhong area on the outskirts of Xiangyang and lived a sunny and rainy life. This also made him gain a lot of knowledge and was honored as "Wolong". The flourishing age of Zhu Gekongming is equivalent to the first half of the third century in the Western calendar. At this time, the internal affairs of the later Han Dynasty were chaotic, and the consorts and eunuchs clashed with each other, which eventually led to their downfall and entered the situation of leading operas. Among them, Cao Cao, a "treacherous man in troubled times", was the most powerful, and finally he stabilized the situation. Later, his son obtained the right to inherit the throne and established the Wei Dynasty. 2007-05-02 18:29:46 Supplement: Zhuge Liang's life was Zhuge Liang, whose real name was Kong Ming, whose name was Wolong, and his name was Long Fu, and he was born in Yang Du. Ben lived in Wollongong, Xiangyang, and came out to help because he was once remembered by Liu Bei. In the 13th year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao marched south to Jingzhou. Liu Bei failed in Xiakou. Zhuge Liang suggested that Liu Bei unite with Sun Quan against Cao. Liu Bei then sent Zhuge Liang to Soochow to lobby Sun Quan. Finally, the Allies defeated Cao Cao in Chibi and Cao Jiang in summer, which was a blockbuster. Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao and Wu joined forces to defeat Cao Jun 。