The Model United Nations rules of procedure for meetings at all levels allow students to represent diplomats from different countries to actively exchange views on international hot issues, * * * and solve them together.
Committee Structure
A committee consists of a presidium (members. The Chair presides over the meeting, whose task is to supervise and promote the meeting process (excess debate and guides delegates through the rules of procedure) according to the formal rules of procedure of the United Nations. The conference Director is responsible for reviewing the conference documents submitted by the delegates. The President's Assistant (Rapporteur) is responsible for roll call and entry of Speakers' list.
procedures and Rules of Procedures
1. Formal Debate
1. Roll Call
At this stage, the assistant president will name the countries in alphabetical order, and the countries that have been named will raise their national cards and answer "present".
E.g. The rapporteur Honorable delegates, Now we are going to have the roll call. Think countries called please raise your squares and answer present. Afghanistan ...
2. Setting the Agenda
There will be two topics for delegates to choose from at this meeting, and the delegates will decide the topic to be discussed first through discussion and voting. At the stage of determining the topic, the Chairman randomly selected three representatives (that is, ***6 representatives) from the countries in favor of discussing topic A and topic B first, respectively, to make speeches, explaining the reasons and motives of choosing to discuss the topic first, and the speech time was 9 seconds. After all six delegates have finished speaking, a vote will be held, and the voting principle is simple majority, that is, 5%+1.
E.g. The Chair Since we have two topic areas, we are going to set the agenda first. Those countries in favor of talking about topic area A first please raise your placards... China, Russia, Singapore, thanks. Those countries in favor of talking about topic area B first please raise your placards... UK, Chile, Japan, Thanks. Now delegate of China you have 9 seconds to address your body.
3. Speech and delivery time Speeches and Yield
Produce a list of speeches
After the delegates decide on the topics, the formal debate begins. The chairman will ask the delegates who need to speak to hold up the national card (that is, all countries hold up their cards) and read out the names of the countries at random. The order in which the delegates speak is the order in which the chairman calls the roll. When the delegates hear that their countries have been called, they will put down the national card. Each delegate has 12 seconds to speak, and delegates can see the list of speakers on the big screen. If additional speaking opportunities are needed, delegates can send a page to the rostrum requesting to add the country of their representatives to the list of speakers, and the chairman will add the name to the end of the list of speakers. The chairman does not stop the addition, but other representatives can stop it by motion. If a representative is already on the list of speakers and has not yet spoken, no additional opportunity can be given before his speech.
once all the countries on the list have spoken, and there is no additional opportunity for any representative to speak, the meeting will go directly to the stage of voting on the draft resolution.
Yield Time
means that after the speech is finished within the speaking time, the remaining time can be given away (the yield time only appears in the 12-second speech list), and the object of giving away is as follows:
—— yield time to another delegate
This is the most recommended way of giving away. After the representatives of the transferring country A and the transferred country B reach an agreement through private consultation (sending a letter of intent, lobbying before the meeting, etc.), the representative of B will speak in the remaining time of the representative of A.. If there is still time left after the speech of representative B, representative B cannot transfer it again, and the chairman will continue to preside over the meeting.
-yield time to questions
once the delegates have given the remaining time to the questions, the chairman will ask the delegates who need to ask questions to put up their signs, and randomly point out the delegates to ask questions. The time for asking questions does not occupy the remaining time, and the content of the questions must be asked according to the speaker's meaning. The speaker can answer any questions raised within the remaining time. This transfer method can reflect the ability of thinking, reaction and oral expression of the speakers, but if there is still a certain gap between the representatives, it is unwise to choose this transfer method.
—— yield time to comments
Once the delegate gives the remaining time to comments, the chairman will ask the delegate who needs comments to put up a sign and randomly point out the delegate for comments. The delegate who gives the time to comments has no right to state his opinions or refute the comments again. This transfer method is risky. If the speaker successfully negotiates with the allies, the allies will make favorable comments, and the allies will guarantee that he will put up a sign and let the chairman point to him, which will be more beneficial to the speaker. However, if the opportunity for comment falls into the hands of the opposing country, the country will refute and criticize the position of the speaker, which will make the speaker enter a passive and inferior state. Therefore, please choose carefully.
-Yield Time to the Chair)
once the delegate gives up the remaining time to the chairman, it means that the delegate gives up the remaining time automatically, and the chairman will continue to preside over the meeting. This is the last way we advocate, because it means that the speakers have played a negative role in promoting the process of the meeting, and they have not made full use of their time to explain their views, which will make the speakers leave a bad impression on everyone. Therefore, the presidium does not recommend this transfer method.
4. Points and Motions
After a representative has finished speaking in the order of the list of speakers, the chairman will ask if there are any questions and motions off the floor. At this time, the representative can raise a sign to raise questions or motions according to his own needs.
move to change the speaking time Motion to set speaking time
If the representative thinks that the speaking time is too long or too short, he can move to change the speaking time and then vote.
simple majority (5%+1) simple majority
Motion to suspend the meeting
This motion means that delegates try to make the formal debate stage transition to the informal debate stage, such as conducting Moderated Caucus or unmodulated caucus. The representative proposing the motion needs to be clear about the purpose of the motion and the time to interrupt the formal debate. Please refer to the "Informal Debate" section for details.
simple majority (5%+1) simple majority
Motion to close debate
After the motion to close debate takes effect, the meeting enters the voting stage. This motion is usually put forward when the representative thinks that his position has been fully expounded and the draft resolution is quite perfect. Once a representative moves to close the debate, the chairman will invite two representatives to state their reasons for the motion, two representatives to state their reasons for opposing the motion, and then all the representatives will vote.
two-thirds majority (23+1) two-thirds majority
Point of Order
When the representative thinks that the chairman has made some mistakes in presiding over the meeting, he can ask organizational questions to correct the chairman's mistakes. You can interrupt the process.
you don't need to vote No vote
Point of Inquiry
when delegates don't understand the meeting procedure, they can ask the chairman by putting up a sign.
No need to vote
Point of Personal Privilege
When delegates feel that there is any discomfort in the meeting, they can raise the issue of personal privilege for the help and solution of the presidium.
you don't need to vote. No vote
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If the delegate has any questions, or needs to lobby or communicate, you can express them to other delegates or the chairman by sending a message of intent. There is a staff member at the venue who is responsible for the delivery.
5. Voting
Most of the steps of simulating United Nations meetings require all delegates to vote. The voting objects include voting on procedures and voting on meeting documents.
When voting on a procedure (such as voting on a motion), all delegates need to vote, that is, they cannot abstain. The voting on the draft resolution is a process of roll call, in which the chairman calls the roll in turn, and the countries that have arrived put up signs and answer: Yes, No or Abstain.
according to the progress of the debate, the delegates submitted meeting documents in turn: Working Paper and Draft Resolution. After the meeting documents were presented, the delegates debated their contents and submitted Amendment to amend their relevant provisions.
After the debate, the Committee will vote on the draft resolution and amendments, both of which are Roll Call Vote. Meeting documents need 23 affirmative votes to be adopted. First vote on the amendment, followed by the draft resolution. In the Model United Nations General Assembly, delegates can put forward many different drafts, so the voting order depends on the order in which the drafts are submitted. Once the draft is passed, a resolution will be generated, and no other drafts will be voted on. The discussion on this topic is over and the Committee will move on to the next topic.
2. Informal Debate
1. Moderated Caucus
Moderated caucus means that the delegates will speak in the order randomly pointed out by the chairman under the chairmanship of the chairman, and the core content, total time and speaking time of the delegates will be specified by the delegates who put forward this motion, and all the delegates need to vote. Once the motion is passed, the order of the delegates' speeches will not be in the order of the formal debate list within the specified time, so it is called "informal debate". At this stage, the representative who put forward the motion and his allies will generally seize this opportunity more actively, expound their positions and viewpoints, and refute the unfavorable views in order to gain more support.
2. Unregulated caucus
Delegates who propose the motion of free consultation only need to specify the total time. Once the motion is passed, delegates can leave their seats within the specified time to exchange views with allies more closely and discuss any issues that they think are important.
Generally speaking, in the informal debate stage, delegates will automatically form multiple groups due to different interests, so the spirit of cooperation is more important. Only when delegates have made their views and positions clear at the first time and joined the collective discussion can they further safeguard the national interests in the process of solution. In addition, for big countries, in the process of active lobbying, we should try our best to avoid arbitrariness, while for small countries, even if a specific aspect of discussion has no interest in them, we need to actively invest to show our interest in it, otherwise it is likely to be isolated, and once isolated, it will be difficult to find a platform to realize our own interests.
document writing
1. Position Paper
every country should submit a position paper on various topics before the meeting, and make a concise exposition of its basic views. Position papers should be written in paragraphs.
the name, school, country, Committee and topic of the representative should be stated at the beginning.
First of all, we should briefly introduce the current situation of this topic in the international community and have a general understanding of the overall situation. Then, we should introduce the attitudes and actions taken by the United Nations and our country on this issue, and avoid a lengthy list in order to express our position. Then it is necessary to elaborate on the country's position, viewpoint and planned actions, which need to be true and feasible. Finally, summarize the most basic position and viewpoint of our country in the simplest language.
a piece of paper with the font size of small four and A4, only less and not more. The position paper will be submitted before the meeting, and the presidium will compile it into a book and distribute it to the delegates before the meeting, so that countries can understand each other's basic views.
second, Working Paper
when a country or a group of countries has a preliminary solution to an issue, it can be summarized into a working paper and submitted to the general assembly to introduce its own solution to all countries. The working file does not need a specific file format, and can be a chart, a paragraph or a list of key points. You can also take the working paper as the embryonic form of the draft resolution and write it according to the format of the draft resolution, which is comprehensive.
III. Draft Resolution
The draft resolution is a solution to this issue drafted in the form of a UN resolution document. The total number of drafting countries and seconding countries of the draft resolution must reach 2% of the participating countries before it can be submitted to the General Assembly.