Tianqiao is on tenterhooks
(1) 【 Platform Bridge 】: A bridge erected on the railway in the railway station for passengers to cross the railway.
(2) 【 overpass; Overpass]: Overpass at crossroads or busy sections.
(3) [Flyover Bridge]: A kind of sports equipment that is tall and narrow, slightly shaped like a wooden bridge with ladders at both ends.
(4) 【 Monkey Bridge 】: A narrow passage suspended from the deck or engine room.
(5) [Tianqiao]: Place name. China, near the Temple of Heaven.
There are many folk entertainment venues and commodity markets in Beijing. It is located in the vast area north of Nanwei Road outside Qianmen, south of the western ends of Yong 'an Road and Shuguang Road, east of Tokyo Road and west of Xitanggen of the Temple of Heaven. Three generations of Yuan, Ming and Chiba were all water country Zeguo, and one of them was a single-hole white marble bridge built in Yuan Dynasty (located at the intersection of Nanqiao Street today), which was the only way for the Ming and Qing emperors to worship heaven, hence the name "Tianqiao" and the name of the nearby area.
Tianqiao has always been synonymous with Beijing artists.
Tianqiao is the birthplace of many folk arts. Artists perform in the overpass, usually in the open air, commonly known as "throwing the ground." There are five or six hundred folk artists who study, sell, spread and live here, which can be divided into two categories: jugglers and rappers. Acrobatics includes acrobatics and martial arts, and rap includes drama, quyi and other projects. The most famous is the "Eight Monsters of Tianqiao", which is named because of its stunts and weird words and deeds. "Eight eccentrics" have their own meanings in different periods. In chronological order, there were eight people in the early period, namely, poor and fearless, high vinegar drowning, pockmarked Han, bald pot, lame Tian, ugly Sun, and often infatuated, who lived in Xianfeng, Tongzhi and Guangxu periods of Qing Dynasty. In the middle stage, there were eight people, namely, the old man who beat toad, Lao Feitian, Hua Xiong, the golden bell ringer, the silly king, the hundred birds Zhang, the true monk and Cheng Fool, who were active in the early years of the Republic of China. In the later period, there were eight people, including Xiaoyun, Dajinya, Jiao Dehai, Huang, Shen San, Cui Baer, Cao Mazi and Saihuo Donkey, who were active in 1930s and 1940s. Famous actors who have performed in Tianle Theatre for a long time, such as Meng Xiaodong and Peking Opera actors Jin Shaomei, Bi and Qin Xuefen, "Three Masters", He, Xin (Pingju), Hou (Crosstalk) and Bao (Wrestling), have all performed on the overpass.
During Daoguang and Xianfeng periods in Qing Dynasty (1821-1861), a number of mobile vendors emerged in Xitan Root and Beitan Root of the Temple of Heaven and Dongtan Root and Beitan Root of the Xiannongtan. Because the imperial court didn't collect taxes from them, which promoted the development of business and entertainment in this area, artists from all walks of life set up here.
During Guangxu period (1875- 1908), the Han Jing Railway was completed, the station was located outside Yongdingmen, and merchants had to cross the overpass. Since then, the overpass has become more prosperous, opening up markets, triangle markets, west markets, east markets, Xiannong markets, south markets and Huiyuan shopping malls.
In 1930s, an article entitled "Investigation of Overpass" (see1Beiping Daily on February 4, 930) introduced the general situation of overpass at that time: "It covers an area of 20 mu. * * * There are 773 shops and vendors in all walks of life, of which 334 are officially licensed, including 9 theaters and 7 libraries. 439 booths were temporarily set up and are being counted ... 62 entertainment acrobatic booths. "
After the July 7th Incident in the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), the market scope of Tianqiao gradually narrowed. By the end of 1940s, there were only three markets: triangle market, bazaar, west market and east market.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the people's government managed flyovers, filled Longxugou, built roads, renovated and built a number of theaters, cinemas, hospitals and museums, and organized artists such as Quyi and Acrobatics to set up state-owned and collective literary groups. The overpass has undergone fundamental changes.
During the period of 1957, the performance of the widely active flyover mostly stopped.
Tianqiao Quyi places are mainly concentrated in the southwest market and triangle market. According to the statistics in the late 1940s, there were more than 20 performing places of various folk arts.
The Quyi performance of Tianqiao was originally only open space, including "painting pot", dumping ground and greenhouse. In the late Qing Dynasty, Fuhaiju Bookstore was established, and some highly skilled storytellers began to perform indoors. Soon, a number of book teahouses, Luozi Pavilion and Dagu Library were built one after another, which together with Ming Di provided a place for Quyi artists to make a living.
From the late Qing Dynasty to the 1940s, the indoor places of Quyi located in Tianqiao were: Fuhaiju, Wudouju, Tonghexuan, Tonglexuan, Hai Shun Xuan, Xihuaxuan, Yayuan, Liuhe Teahouse, Changmeixuan, Pichaichen and other bookstores, Heyixuan, Louwailou, Tianwaitian, Ouxiangxie, Deyixuan, Shui Xin Huating, Chunyuan, Dechang Teahouse, and Erer.
During the reign of Tongzhi and Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1862-1908), there were crosstalk artists who were "poor and not afraid" (Zhu Shaowen), Han Mazi, "Shaziyan" (saying "Fenyanzi") and "Everyone was happy" (Chen Qingshan). Danxian brand music artist "Suiyuan Music" (Si Ruixuan), etc. Storytelling artists Huang Chengzhi (about Gong Peng's case), Zhang Tairan (about the biography of Jigong), Pan Qingshan, Monkey An (An Taihe), Heng Yongtong, Lao Yunzhong Fei (Bai Qinglin) (all the above four people are talking about Journey to the West), Wang Yikui (about the Five Tigers' Pingxi), Zhao Xingyuan, Xu Gouzi (Xu Weiting) and Wei Yong. Contemporary ditty artists such as "vinegar drowning cream" and "basin baldy"
Artists who were active in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China included Enxu, a crosstalk artist, Xiaohai, Jia Baoshan, Shi Zhenlin, Dan, Zeng Yongyuan, Li, Deshoushan, Gui, Zeng Zhenting and Dan Xian Paizi artists. The storytelling artists are Shan Changde, Zhang, Shuang Houping (Water Margin Sui and Tang Dynasties), Ha Fuyuan, (Yongqing Shengping), Wang Zhilian, An and Tian.
From the early years of the Republic of China to the early 1920s, crosstalk artists such as Li Deyang, Zhang Mazi (Zhang Dequan), Jiao Dehai, Liu Dezhi, Yu Junbo, Gao Deguang, Gao Deming, Gao Deliang, Guo Qiru and Yu Delong often performed on the overpass. Double-reed artists "Bear" (), Xikuo Pavilion, Gong, etc. Numerous treasure artists "Cao Mazi" (Cao Dekui), large-scale artists "Dajinya" (Jiao), bamboo board artist Zhang Shunming, Xihe drum artists Tian Fuyu and Zhang, etc. Storytelling artists Zhang (saying "The List of Gods") and Xiao Wang Yikui (saying "The Legend of Stealing Golden Horse Guns"); Feng Fengxi, Yu Ruifeng and Liang performed in Kunming Library.
The artists who performed in Tianqiao in the 1920s and 1930s included crosstalk artists, Bai Yuting and Tang Jincheng. Bamboo calligraphers, Guan, Guan Shungui, etc. Xihe drum artists Ma, Li, Li, Jiao, and so on. Funny drummer "Old Pumpkin" (Cui), Shandong drummer, Li Yanlou, Duan, Liu, etc. Henan pendant artists Lu Yongai, "Da Lao Hei" (Ren Yongtai), Yao, Zhao, Zhao, Dong Guizhi, Zong Yulan, etc. Plum blossom drum artists Jin Wanchang, Pinzhengsan (said Sui and Tang Dynasties), Gao Yuzhu (said Eastern Han Dynasty), Lian Kuoru (said Western Han and Eastern Han Dynasties), Tao Xiangjiu (said Yongzheng samurai map), Zhao Haoran (said the secret history of Qing Palace) and Chen Rongqi (said the legend of loyalty and righteousness)
From the late 1930s to the early 1950s, there were: post-and post-crosstalk artists; Cao et al., artists of Danxian Paizi Qu. ; Iron drum artists Wang,,, etc. Painter, bamboo board painter Song, Cai Jinbo, Jin, Peng Suhai, piano player Hao in Beijing, Meihua drummer Guan, funny drummer Hua Lianbao, Fang Hongbao and Jingyun drummer. Lotus drop artists Guan Dejun, Guan Jinfeng, Quan Fengchi, etc. , Henan pendant artist Ma Zhongcui, etc. , storytelling artist Chen Yinque (said Sui and Tang Dynasties), Li Xinquan (said Yongzheng swordsman map), etc.