Seek the full text of the American Constitution

The constitution of the United States

We, the American people, offer * * * to build a more perfect union, establish justice and ensure domestic peace.

National defense, promote public welfare, and let ourselves and future generations enjoy freedom and happiness, especially for the United States of America.

Finalize the constitution.

first

Section one. All legislative powers granted by this Constitution belong to the United States Congress, which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Section 2. The House of Representatives is composed of representatives elected by the people of each state every two years. Voters in each state must

Have the necessary qualifications for the largest number of electors in the first house of the state legislature.

Anyone under the age of 25 who has been an American citizen for less than seven years is not a resident of a state when he is elected.

, shall not act as a representative.

[The number of deputies and the amount of direct tax should be increased in proportion to the population of each state in the Federation.

Row allocation. The population of each state is determined by the total number of free people plus three-fifths of all other populations. freedom

The total number of Indians includes those who have to serve a certain number of years of hard labor, but does not include Indians who are not taxed. ] demographic

The actual statistics shall be conducted within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and every ten years thereafter, in the manner prescribed by law.

All right. No more than one representative shall be elected for every 30,000 people, but each state shall have at least one representative; In development

Before the above census, New Hampshire had the right to elect three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and

One in Providence, five in Connecticut, six in new york and four in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.

Eight in Asia, one in Delaware, six in Maryland, ten in Virginia and five in North Carolina.

Five in South Carolina and three in Georgia.

When the representative of any state becomes vacant, the administrative authority of that state shall issue an election order to fill the vacancy.

The House of Representatives elects its Speaker and other officials, and has the power of impeachment alone.

Section 3. The United States Senate consists of two senators [elected by state legislatures] for a term of six years;

Each senator has one vote.

When senators met after the first election, they were immediately divided into three groups with as equal a number as possible. The first set of parameters

At the end of the second year, the seats of members of parliament were vacant, the seats of the second group of senators were vacant, and the seats of the third group of senators were vacant at the end of the fourth year.

These seats are vacant at the end of the sixth year, so one-third of the senators must be re-elected every two years. 【 In any state.

When the state legislature is not in session, if there is a vacancy due to resignation or other reasons, the state chief executive will be in the state legislature next time.

An interim senator may be appointed before a meeting is held to fill the vacancy. ]⑧

Anyone under the age of 30 who has been an American citizen for less than nine years is not a resident of a state when he is elected.

, shall not serve as a senator.

The vice president of the United States is the speaker of the Senate, but there is no seat unless the votes of the senators are equal.

The right to decide.

The Senate elects other officials of the court to elect an official when the Vice President is absent or exercises the functions and powers of the President of the United States.

An interim spokesman.

Only the Senate has the power to hear all impeachment cases. When a session is held for this purpose, all senators shall announce

Take an oath or make an oath. When the president of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court presides over the trial. Whoever it is,

They shall not be convicted without the consent of two-thirds of the senators present.

The judgment of impeachment case shall not exceed the removal and deprivation of the honor, responsibility or enjoyment of the subordinates of the United States.

Qualifications for any paid position. However, convicted persons can still be prosecuted, tried, sentenced and punished according to law.

Article 4 The time, place and manner of election of senators and deputies shall be decided by the state legislatures.

Rules. However, except where senators are elected, Congress can make or change such regulations at any time by law.

The National Assembly meets at least once a year, and the meeting will be held on the first day of1February unless the National Assembly decides another date by law.

It will be held next Monday.

Article 5 Each court shall judge the election of its members, the report of election results and their qualifications. Members of both houses passed.

Half of them constitute a quorum; However, when the number of people present is less than a quorum, the meeting can be postponed day by day, and the right can be granted according to the regulations of each hospital.

Set the way and punishment, and force the absent members to attend the meeting.

Each hospital can formulate its own rules of procedure, punish members who disturb the order, and obtain the consent of two-thirds of the members.

Agree to expel the senator.

Every hospital should have its own meeting minutes, which should be published from time to time, except for the part it thinks it is necessary to keep confidential. each

At the request of one-fifth of the members present, the affirmative and negative votes of the members of the House of Representatives on any issue shall be recorded at the meeting.

Discussion record.

When the National Assembly is in session, the two houses shall not adjourn for more than three days without the consent of the other house, nor shall they approve the adjournment.

Adjourn, except where the two houses meet.

Section 6 Senators and representatives shall receive remuneration for their services, which shall be prescribed by law and decided by the United States.

Treasury payment. Besides committing treason, felonies and crimes against public order, they also enjoy the right to attend various meetings under any circumstances.

Privilege from arrest during the session of the House of Representatives and on the way to and from their respective houses. They won't be punished for sending messages in their own homes.

Form a speech or debate, and accept questions in any other place.

Senators or representatives may not be appointed as the United States during their elected term, during which their salaries are fixed or increased.

Any civil service post within the jurisdiction. No one serving in the United States may serve as anyone while continuing to serve.

Senator.

Article 7 All tax bills shall be introduced in the House of Representatives first, but the Senate shall, like other bills,

Propose or agree to an amendment.

Every bill passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate must be sent to the President of the United States before it becomes law. Presidential approval

Approve the bill, that is, sign it; If it is not passed, the bill and its objections shall be returned to the original sponsor.

House of representatives. This objection should be recorded in detail in our meeting minutes and reconsidered. If after reconsideration

Two-thirds of the members of the House of Representatives agree to pass the bill, which should be sent to another House of Representatives together with objections. Similarly,

If it is approved by two-thirds of the members of the hospital, the bill will become law. But in all this,

In this case, the votes of the two houses are decided by the affirmative and negative votes; Members who voted for and against the bill

These names should be recorded in the minutes of each house. If any bill is sent to the President within 10 days (except Sunday)

Without the president's return, the bill becomes law as if it had been signed by the president, unless it was postponed by Congress.

The bill cannot be returned, in which case it cannot become law.

Every order, resolution or vote (except adjournment) that must be unanimously agreed by the House and Senate.

), must be sent to the President of the United States, the order, resolution or vote must be approved by the President to take effect, such as the President.

If it is not passed, it will be weighted by two-thirds of the members of the Senate and the House of Representatives according to the rules and restrictions stipulated in the bill.

Just passed.

Section 8. Congress has the right to:

To stipulate and collect direct taxes, import taxes, donations and other taxes to pay off the national debt and provide protection for the United States.

Affairs and public welfare, but all import taxes, taxes and other taxes should be unified throughout the country;

Borrowing with American credit;

Managing trade with foreign countries, among states and with Indian tribes;

Formulate uniform naturalization regulations and bankruptcy laws in the United States;

Foundry currency, determine the value of domestic currency and foreign currency, and determine the standards of weights and measures;

To stipulate penalties for counterfeiting American securities and common currency;

Set up post offices and build postal roads;

Guarantee the exclusive rights of writers and inventors to their respective works and inventions for a limited time, thus promoting science.

And technological progress;

Establish a court lower than the Supreme Court;

Defining and punishing crimes of piracy and felony committed on the high seas and crimes against international law;

Declare war, issue licenses to capture enemy ships, and formulate land and water capture regulations;

Recruiting troops and supplying military materials, but the funding period for this purpose shall not exceed two years;

Establish and maintain a navy;

To formulate regulations for the governance and management of Lu Haijun;

To stipulate the recruitment of militia to enforce federal laws, suppress rebellion and repel invasion;

To stipulate the organization, equipment and training of the militia, and to stipulate the management of the militia used to serve the United States, but

States reserve the right to appoint militia officers and train militia in accordance with the provisions of Congress;

For areas ceded by some states to the United States, Congress accepted them as the seat of the United States government (not allowed)

More than ten square miles), in any case, the exercise of exclusive legislative power; With the consent of the state legislature, by the joint

Everything that many countries buy in this country to build forts, ammunition depots, arsenals, docks and other necessary buildings.

Place, exercise the same power; And to enact laws and regulations for the exercise of the above-mentioned powers, which are granted to the Government of the United States by this Constitution.

Or all other powers of any department or official thereof.

Article 9. Any country thinks that the resettlement or entry of people who are allowed to enter the country will be completed in 1808.

In the past, Congress could not prohibit it, but the tax on entry of such people could not exceed $0/0 per person. must not

Suspension of the privilege of habeas corpus, unless public security requires suspension of this privilege in case of rebellion or invasion.

No bill or retrospective law depriving citizens of their rights shall be passed.

[No poll tax or other direct tax shall be levied unless it is in accordance with the above-mentioned census or statistical proportion stipulated in this Constitution.

Taxes. ]⑤

Goods exported from any state should not be taxed.

No commercial or tax regulations may give a state port preferential treatment over other state ports; To or from

Ships sailing from one state should not be forced to enter, leave or pay taxes in other States.

No money may be withdrawn from the state treasury except for the appropriation prescribed by law. Regular reports on all public funds receipts and payments.

Accounts should be published at any time.

The United States may not grant titles of nobility. Anyone who holds any paid or responsible position in the United States

Without the consent of the National Assembly, the people shall not accept any gift, salary, position or position from any king, monarch or foreign country.

What kind of title?

Article 10 No country may: conclude any treaty or join any alliance or alliance; Reward the captured enemy

Ship license; Foundry currency; Issue paper money; Use anything other than gold and silver coins as the currency to repay debts.

; Pass any bill that deprives citizens of their rights, retrospective laws or laws that damage contractual obligations; Or approve an appointment.

What a noble title.

Without the consent of Congress, no state may levy taxes on imported goods or exported goods, except for the purpose of implementing this Law.

Unless absolutely necessary by the state inspection law. The net income of all taxes levied by any country on imports or exports.

The use of the US Treasury; All these laws must be amended and controlled by Congress.

Without the consent of Congress, no state may impose tonnage tax on ships or keep troops in peacetime.

Teams or warships shall not conclude agreements or covenants with other countries or foreign countries unless they are actually invaded or urgently needed.

When danger is imminent, war is not allowed.

second

Section one. The executive power belongs to the President of the United States. The term of office of the president is four years, and the term of office of the vice president is the same.

The president and vice president are elected according to the following methods; Each state shall elect a number of electors in a manner determined by the state legislature.

Its number is equal to the total number of senators and representatives that the state should have in Congress. But senators or representatives, or in

People who hold important or paid positions in the government of the United States shall not be elected as electors.

Voters meet in their respective states and vote for two people, at least one of whom is not from his own state.

Resident. The electors shall make a list, indicating all the candidates and the number of votes per person; Sign to testify.

Send the sealed list to the seat of the US government, and then give it to the Speaker of the Senate. The speaker of the Senate is in the Senate.

Open all the certificates in front of the congressman and count the votes. The person who gets the most votes, eg the number of votes obtained.

More than half of the total number of elected electors are presidents. If more than one person obtains a majority vote, and

If the votes are equal, the House of Representatives shall immediately vote to elect one of them as president. If no one gets more than half of the votes; Hospitals should

Similarly, choose a president from the five people with the most votes on the list. But when the president is elected, the country is unique.

Counting votes, one vote for each state; Two-thirds of the States have one or more representatives present, that is, the structure.

In order to form a quorum for the election of the president, the election of the president requires a majority vote of all States. In each case, the presidential election

After the election, the person who got the most electoral votes was the vice president. However, if two or more votes are equal, they will participate.

The house of representatives will vote to elect one of them as vice president. ]

Congress can decide the time and date of voters' voting, which are the same throughout the United States.

Jesus Christ.

No one shall be regarded as an American citizen unless he was born or was an American citizen at the time of the adoption of this Constitution.

Elected president; Anyone under the age of 35 who has lived in the United States for less than 14 years shall not be elected as.

President.

[In the event that the President is removed from office, dies, resigns or loses the ability to perform the powers and duties of the President, the Presidency

Must be handed over to the vice president. Congress can pass laws to stipulate that the president and vice president are dismissed, killed, resigned or mourned.

Announced that he should act as the president's official when he is incapacitated. Before the president is reinstated, the official should act as the president.

Or until a new president is elected. ]⑦

The president should be paid for his services within the specified time, which is not allowed during his presidency.

Increase or decrease. During his term of office, the president shall not accept any other salary from the United States or any state.

Before the president begins to perform his duties, he should make the following oath or statement: "I solemnly swear (or declare) me.

We must faithfully perform the duties of the President of the United States and do our utmost to safeguard, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. ".

The President is the Commander-in-Chief of the Army, Navy, and Militia drafted by the States to serve in the United States.

He must ask the executive head of each administrative department to submit written opinions on any matter related to their respective responsibilities. He has the right.

Issue probation orders and pardon orders for anti-American crimes, except impeachment cases.

The president has the right to conclude a treaty after consulting and obtaining the consent of the Senate, provided that two-thirds of the senators are present.

Approved. He nominated and appointed ambassadors, ministers and consuls and the Supreme Court with the consultation and consent of the Senate.

Judges and all other officials of the United States whose appointment procedures are not otherwise stipulated in this Constitution but shall be prescribed by law. Danny Guo

When it is considered appropriate, the power to appoint such low-ranking officials can be delegated to the president, the court or the minister according to law.

The president has the right to appoint people to fill vacancies that may occur when the Senate is not in session.

The next session of the House of Representatives will end at the end of the year.

Section 3. The President shall report the federal situation to Congress at any time and make suggestions to Congress as he thinks necessary and appropriate.

Measures for consideration by Congress. Under special circumstances, he must call a meeting of the two houses or any one house. In case the two houses adjourn.

When there are differences of opinion on time, he can adjourn the two houses until he thinks fit. He should receive the ambassador and the minister.

He should be responsible for the effective implementation of the law and appoint all American officials.

Section 4. The president, vice president and all civilian officials of the United States have been convicted of treason, bribery or other felonies.

When impeached and convicted of a misdemeanor, he should be removed from office.

essay

Section one. The judicial power of the United States belongs to the Supreme Court and the lower courts which are prescribed and established by Congress from time to time.

Judges of the Supreme Court and lower courts can continue to hold their posts and receive services at the specified time if they perform well.

The salary should not be reduced during their continued service.

Section 2 the scope of application of judicial power includes: due to this constitution, the laws of the United States and the powers of the United States.

All common law and equity cases arising from treaties concluded or to be concluded; Including ambassadors, ministers and

All consular cases; All cases related to maritime law and maritime jurisdiction; A lawsuit in which the United States is a party.

Litigation; Litigation between two or more States; [Litigation between citizens of one country and citizens of other countries; Eight citizens from different states.

Litigation between; Litigation between citizens of the same state on the ownership of land ceded by different States; A country or its citizens are foreign.

Litigation between citizens of China or foreign citizens or nationals.

In all cases involving ambassadors, ministers and consuls, and the country as a party, the Supreme Court enjoys priority.

Jurisdiction of trial. In all other cases mentioned above, the Supreme Court has the right of appeal in law and fact.

Jurisdiction, but subject to exceptions and regulations prescribed by Congress.

Except impeachment, all crimes are tried by jury; This trial should be held in the country where the crime occurred; but

If the crime did not occur in any state, the trial will be held in one or more places stipulated by law passed by Congress.

Section 3. Treason is limited to fighting against the United States or attaching to or giving to the enemy.

To help and encourage. Whoever it is, unless according to the testimony of two witnesses, the same obvious behavior or I am making the law public.

Confessions in court should not be classified as treason.

Congress has the right to announce the punishment for treason, but being deprived of citizenship for treason shall not cause blood pollution.

The property of a person deprived of property shall not be confiscated except during his lifetime.

Article 4

Section one. States should fully trust and respect the public laws, archives and judicial procedures of other States.

Heavy. Congress may, through general laws, stipulate how these laws, documents and judicial procedures can be proved and have effect.

Section 2. Citizens of each state enjoy all the privileges and immunities of citizens of each state.

A person accused of treason, felony or other crimes in any state escaped the punishment of the law and was found in other States.

When he is caught, he should be handed over at the request of the administrative authorities of the country where he fled, so that he can be handed over to the criminal for custody.

The state under its jurisdiction.

According to the laws of one state, people who need to serve hard labor or hard labor in that state are not punished by the laws of another state if they flee to another state.

Or regulations, but at the request of the party entitled to such servitude or labor.

He handed it in. ]⑨

Section 3. Congress can approve a new state to join the union; But it is not within the jurisdiction of any other country.

Form or establish a new country; Without the consent of the relevant state legislature and Congress, two or more states may not merge or

Parts of several states form a new state.

Congress has the right to dispose of the territory or other property belonging to the United States and make all necessary laws and regulations.

Chapter. Nothing in this Constitution shall be construed as prejudicing any rights of the United States or any state.

Section 4. The United States should ensure that the federal States implement a * * * political system and protect them from aggression, which should be discussed by the States.

At the request of the meeting or the state chief executive (when the state legislature cannot convene), civil strife can be quelled.

Article 5

When two-thirds of the members of the Senate and the House of Representatives think it necessary, or according to the situation in three states, Congress shall propose amendments to this Constitution.

At the request of two-thirds of the state legislatures, a constitutional convention was held to propose amendments. No matter how the amendment is proposed, it must be passed.

The approval of three-quarters of the state legislatures or three-quarters of the state constitutional assemblies will actually become part of this constitution.

Take effect; It is up to Congress to make recommendations on which method of ratification to adopt. But before [1808,

The amendment shall not affect the first and fourth items of the ninth paragraph of Article 1 of this Constitution in any form]; Participate in any

Without the consent of the state government, they shall not be deprived of equal voting rights in the Senate.

Article 6

All debts and obligations incurred before the adoption of this Constitution are the same for the United States that implements this Constitution.

As effective as the confederacy.

This Constitution, the laws of the United States formulated in accordance with this Constitution and the powers of the United States have been concluded or will be concluded.

All concluded treaties are the supreme laws of the country; Judges in every state should be bound by it, even if the state constitution

And there are conflicting contents in laws and regulations.

The above senators and representatives, members of state legislatures, and all administrators and judges in the United States and States.

Member, should be sworn or sworn on behalf of the statement to support this Constitution; But religious belief must not be an accessory of the United States.

What are the necessary qualifications for an official position or public office?

Article 7

The approval of the nine state constituent assemblies is enough to make the constitution established in the ratified States. This constitution can be traced back to the time of Jesus Christ.

1September 787 17, the twelfth year after the independence of the United States of America, all States participated.

Formulated after the unanimous consent of the Constituent Assembly. We sign here to testify.

President George Washington, Virginia Rep.

New Hampshire (NH)

John Langdon nicholas gilman

Massachusetts

Nathaniel Gorham Rufus king

Connecticut

Roger sherman, william samuel johnson.

New York

Alexander Hamilton

New Jersey