With the continuous deepening of the reform of my country's engineering construction project management system, the quality of projects has been significantly improved, which has also put forward higher requirements for supervision projects. The quality of water supply and drainage projects will be directly related to the use of the construction project, and its impact on the social and economic benefits of the construction project is obvious. In order to better meet the needs of project quality development, the supervision work of the water supply and drainage profession should establish corresponding monitoring measures with project quality as the control goal, the construction process as the basis, and process quality as the core, and do a good job in the project in an in-depth and meticulous manner. Supervision work.

1. The main issues in current building water supply and drainage construction supervision

In high-rise building installation projects, although the water supply and drainage branch projects are relatively small from the perspective of project volume and investment , but they account for a larger proportion of quality complaints about construction products. Although these quality problems do not directly occur in the main construction stage of the building, the occurrence of many problems is inevitably related to the contractor's lack of attention to water supply and drainage projects during the main construction stage of the building.

In the construction stage of the main structure, the construction volume of the water supply and drainage project is small. At this time, the main project is to reserve and embed it in advance. However, contractors from leaders to project leaders generally do not pay enough attention to this, and even Some contractors do not even have basic plumbing professionals on hand at this stage. As a result, a large number of reserved holes and reserved casings were inaccurately positioned, and even holes and casings were missed, leaving quality defects and accident risks in the project. After these problems occurred, pipelines and equipment During installation, holes were drilled into floor slabs and shear walls, causing the main structure of the building to be riddled with holes and unrecognizable. It not only wasted a lot of manpower and material resources, but also reduced the load-bearing capacity of structures such as bathroom floors; some contractors reserved Wrong, when the beams and columns cannot be drilled, they reluctantly use the original reserved holes and reluctantly install them, leaving permanent regrets on the appearance of the building, and some even leave hidden leaks. Suffer. In fact, the construction of water supply and drainage engineering is also a very critical content during the construction stage of the main body of the building. The quality of water supply and drainage construction not only directly affects the quality of the entire water supply and drainage branch project, but also affects the overall quality and safety of the residence. Supervision engineers must pay enough attention to this and take practical and reliable measures to ensure water supply and drainage. The quality of project construction.

2. Key points of control in building water supply and drainage construction supervision

During the construction process of construction projects, the construction of water supply and drainage installation projects and the construction of other types of work (such as civil engineering and electrical integrated wiring, etc.) They have a very close relationship. Controlling their cooperation and coordinating construction can save materials, speed up construction progress, and ensure project quality.

Therefore, the ability to control and coordinate the work of various types of work is one of the important indicators to measure whether the water supply and drainage supervision work is in place. During the water supply and drainage installation and construction process, supervision engineers must control, coordinate, and inspect different stages of pipeline installation, with targeted and strict requirements to achieve twice the result with half the effort. At different stages of construction projects, the control points for the construction and installation of water supply and drainage pipelines are different. Generally speaking, in order to effectively control the supervision of water supply and drainage construction, the control points can be summarized as follows;

( 1) Detailed review of the submitted construction organization design

The supervision work of water supply and drainage should establish an organizational system with the supervision engineer as the core, determine the effective technical measures and organizational measures for the projects under supervision, and implement them during the project implementation process. Zhongneng will implement professional engineering project supervision in accordance with these supervision rules.

In the construction preparation stage, when professional supervision engineers review the construction organization design submitted by the contractor, they should focus on reviewing the professional engineering part, especially the contractor's subcontracted projects, to understand the management level and performance of the construction unit. Technical level in order to improve the supervision details in a targeted manner, strengthen pre-control, submit construction organization design review opinions to the project director in a timely manner, and conduct effective disclosure and joint review of construction drawings to allow supervision engineers, owners, and contractors to further understand the project an important process of characterization.

In short, effective technical presentation and joint review of construction drawings are the primary aspects of project construction. All parties involved in project implementation should pay attention and must not let the technical explanation of construction drawings and joint review of drawings become a formality or a mere formality.

(2) Do a good job in organizing, coordinating and supervising the main construction stage

In the main construction stage of high-rise residential buildings, the water supply and drainage profession involves many specialties, and sometimes involves multiple constructions Unit this.

Professional supervision engineers for water supply and drainage should do a good job in organizing, coordinating, supervising and managing work.

First of all, the scope of the project undertaken by the general contractor and subcontractors should be divided. Before the start of the project, the scope of the project contract between the general contractor and various professional subcontractors should be divided, and the responsibilities of each construction unit should be implemented;

Secondly, there must be professional expertise when determining the approval procedures for concrete pouring Water supply and drainage supervision engineers participate to ensure that the reservation and pre-embedding work by professional construction units during the construction of the main project can be timely and accurate. When the project director signs the concrete pouring order, he first checks the signatures of each professional supervision engineer and issues the concrete pouring order after verification. This can ensure that the water supply and drainage professional project is completed according to the drawings and specifications.

Furthermore, we should seize the key stages and focus on supervision, which usually includes the construction stages of the basement, transfer floor and the first two floors of the standard floor. Due to the insufficient continuity of the flow of work, the construction is in a complex and changing stage. In the early stage, it is easy to cause confusion and errors in water supply and drainage construction, especially in the basement construction stage. Almost all important equipment is designed to be installed in the basement. There are many equipment and pipelines, and collisions, leaks, errors, and defects are prone to occur. At this time, Each professional engineer should check the drawings in detail, and if they are correct, the construction should be carried out strictly in accordance with the drawings.

Finally, we should contact the owners and design units in a timely manner to solve relevant technical problems discovered during the construction process. At the same time, we should do a good job in selecting and ordering equipment and materials, and provide guidance during the main construction stage of high-rise residential buildings. Another job of the drainage supervision engineer is the selection and order management of equipment and materials.

3. Specific measures for building water supply and drainage construction supervision

In different stages of construction projects, the control points of water supply and drainage pipeline construction and installation are different, so the supervision work is The specific measures are also different;

(1) Early stage of project construction

First of all, supervision and management work must be familiar with the construction drawings and design intentions and requirements, and be familiar with and understand the indoor water supply and drainage pipelines and The connection location of outdoor water supply and drainage pipes, the location, elevation and construction method of the pipe passing through the foundation, walls and floors; understand the main material specifications, models and quality standards required by the design drawings, as well as the material brands promised by the builder or construction unit when bidding, Strictly control the main materials entering the project site to lay the most basic and critical foundation for the quality of project construction.

Strictly review the construction organization design (plan) submitted by the construction unit and signed and approved by its technical leader, review in detail whether it meets the construction needs of the project, and issue the construction organization design (plan) review form in a timely manner, The construction unit is also required to implement the approved construction organization design (plan) during construction.

(2) Construction stage of the main structure of the civil foundation

When the drainage pipe of the drainage system and the inlet pipe of the water supply system pass through the building foundation, basement or exterior wall of the underground structure, the supervision engineer Follow up and check whether holes and qualified casings are reserved in accordance with the design and construction specifications (flexible waterproof casings are required for those with strict waterproofing requirements, rigid waterproofing casings for general waterproofing requirements, and reserved for installations without waterproofing requirements). hole), and it is required that the upper clearance of the pipeline after completion of installation shall not be less than the settlement of the building, generally not less than 150mm.

Before backfilling and pounding concrete on the first floor indoor ground, the construction unit should be required After installing the buried water supply and drainage pipes, pay attention to the verticality of the pipes protruding from the ground and check whether there are any omissions according to the drawings, and whether the installation location meets the on-site requirements. Water supply pipes must be tested for water pressure and water flow. When the requirements are met, the construction unit should promptly go through the concealed project acceptance procedures and issue a concealed acceptance record. The construction unit is then required to temporarily seal the reserved pipes, and cooperate with the civil engineering to plug holes and backfill soil.

All buried metal pipes are required to undergo anti-corrosion treatment in accordance with design requirements before installation. The laid pipelines should be filled with water in a timely manner. Pay attention to whether the water level drops after the pipelines are full. Check the joints of the pipelines and the pipes themselves for leaks. Check where the pipes pass through the walls and floors to see if metal or plastic casings are installed as required (steel casings are required where the drainage risers pass through the floors). Pay attention to check whether the position and size of each reserved hole and casing comply with the drawings and site requirements. , are there any omissions? The top of the casing installed on the general floor should be 20mm higher than the decorative floor. The top of the casing installed in the bathroom and kitchen should be 50mm higher than the decorative floor. The bottom of the casing should be installed in the wall flush with the bottom of the floor. The ends of the casing should be flush with the finish.

(3) Main decoration construction stage

The main decoration construction stage is the stage of installing the water supply and drainage system. The pipes pass through the structural expansion joints, seismic joints and settlement joints of the building. Set up a compensation device; when installing U-PVC plastic drainage risers, expansion joints must be set up at the positions required by the design and drawings. If there are no design requirements, the spacing between expansion joints shall not be greater than 4m. Before installing the riser, the construction unit is required to open the riser first. Hang the wires from top to bottom in the holes reserved on each floor of the pipe, and pop up the vertical centerline of the riser installation as the baseline for riser installation. After the riser is installed, check whether it is located on the vertical line of the riser installation. After the verticality of the riser and the distance from the wall meet the requirements, fix it with a pipe clamp.

Repair the holes in each layer promptly according to the construction specifications and design requirements. Inspection ports should be set up on the drainage risers as required. The inspection center is generally 1100mm from the ground and should be 150mm higher than the upper edge of the sanitary appliances on this layer. The elbow at the bottom of the drainage riser needs to be provided with buttresses as required. The gap between the wall casing and the pipe should be filled with flame-retardant dense material, and the end surface should be smooth. Pay attention to check whether there is a pipe interface set in the casing.

First floor buried pipes, basement floor, elevator pit drainage pipes, drainage pipes installed directly in the floor, drainage pipes in the caisson, drainage pipes in the ceiling, air conditioning condensate pipes installed directly in the wall The drainage pipe needs to be filled with water before it is hidden. The watering height should not be lower than the height of the underlying ground. After it is filled with water for 15 minutes, it should be filled for another 5 minutes. If the liquid level does not drop, it will be considered qualified. When the requirements are met, the construction unit shall promptly go through the concealed project acceptance procedures. Drainage risers and horizontal main pipes must undergo a ball passing test. The diameter of the ball shall not be less than 2/3 of the diameter of the drainage pipe, and the ball passing rate must reach 100%.

Diagonal tees or downstream tees should be used at each confluence of drainage pipes. It is required that when installing domestic sewage and wastewater drainage pipes, they must not pass through bedrooms, halls and other rooms. A groove of 20mm wide and 50mm deep should be left at the contact point between the rainwater bucket and the base layer and filled with sealing material; at the same time, it is required to have a slope of no less than 5% within a diameter of 500mm around the water outlet. Floor drains should be installed in toilets, washrooms, restrooms, unenclosed balconies, and the technical pipeline layers of buildings, and the construction unit should be required to install them at the lowest point on the ground. Floor drains without traps should be equipped with water seals and the depth of the water seals. It should not be less than 50mm. When the cleaning port is set on the floor or floor, it should be level with the ground. The distance between the cleaning port at the starting point of the sewage pipe and the wall perpendicular to the sewage cross pipe should not be less than 150mm.

( 4) Project acceptance stage

In addition to acceptance based on the results of appearance inspection, hydraulic pressure test, water flow test and irrigation test, the building water supply and drainage system must also inspect the project quality. The main contents of the quality inspection of pipeline projects include: whether the plane position, elevation, slope direction, and diameter of the pipeline meet the design requirements; whether the pipeline brackets and sanitary appliances are in the correct position and whether they are firmly installed; whether valves, water meters, water pumps, etc. are installed properly Water leakage: Whether the drainage of sanitary appliances is smooth, and whether the paint and insulation of pipelines meet the design requirements. Water supply and drainage projects should be inspected according to inspection batches, sub-items, divisions or unit projects, and acceptance and quality assessment should be carried out in accordance with relevant national norms and standards. In short, professional supervision engineers for water supply and drainage must be required. The construction unit must strictly follow the owner's requirements, construction drawings, design construction procedures, construction specifications, acceptance regulations and other relevant building and installation specifications. This is the minimum requirement for building and installation project construction, and it is also the key to striving for excellent unit projects.

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