The cursive script evolved on the basis of official script, and the running script was produced to make up for the slow writing speed of regular script and the illegible cursive script.

Cursive script:

Cursive script is a font of Chinese characters, which is characterized by simple structure and continuous strokes. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" says: "There are cursive scripts in Han Xing". The cursive script began in the early Han dynasty, and its characteristics are: keeping the outline of characters, damaging the official rules, rushing away and rushing away quickly. Because of the meaning of grass, it is called cursive script. It evolved from the official script used for simple writing. There are Cao Zhang, Cao Jin and Crazy Grass.

From the development of cursive script, the development of cursive script can be divided into three stages: early cursive script, Cao Zhang cursive script and modern cursive script. Early cursive script and official script were parallel, generally called official script, but in fact some forms of seal script were mixed. The early cursive script broke the strict rules of official script and was a hasty writing. It's called Cao Zhang. Cao Zhang is an elegant cursive style, which combines early cursive and Han Li, and has obvious waves, wavy strokes, independent characters, square glyphs and horizontal strokes. Cao Zhang was the most popular in the Han and Wei Dynasties, but it was revived in the Yuan Dynasty and transformed into the Ming Dynasty. At the end of the Han Dynasty, Cao Zhang was further "grassed" and the strokes of Lishu were removed. The upper and lower characters and strokes are connected, and the radicals are simplified and borrowed, which is called "modern grass". Jincao evolved from Cao Zhang, and its calligraphy style has been popular since Wei and Jin Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, this kind of grass was described as "wild grass", also known as "big grass", with continuous strokes and changeable glyphs. Today, the aesthetic value of cursive script far exceeds its practical value. Cursive script is to connect words with dots according to certain rules. It has a simple structure and is used while borrowing, not scribbling at will. One of the main features of cursive symbols is the linking of strokes, including up-and-down linking and left-and-right linking. The lateral tendency of Li Hua's brushwork provides a foundation for the grass planting of the left and right hooks. Cao Zhang's brushwork is "I", while modern Cao Cao's brushwork is "S". This is the fundamental difference between the two. Indulge with a pen, draw messy, also called big grass or crazy grass.

Run the script:

Running script is a writing style between regular script and cursive script, which appeared in the late Western Han Dynasty and the early Eastern Han Dynasty. The name of the running script first appeared in Wei Heng's Four Books in the Western Jin Dynasty: Zhong (Yao) and Hu (Zhao) all studied calligraphy under Zhang Huaiguan's Shu Duan in the Tang Dynasty: "The calligrapher is like Liu Desheng. That is, the book is small and fake, and the affairs are simple and popular, so it is called a running account. " Zhang Huaiguan also said in "On Books": "Husband's calligraphy is neither grass nor true, leaving the party and avoiding circles, and caring about seasonal Mencius. Those who are true are called true, and those who bring grass are called grass." In the Ming Dynasty, Feng Fang had a more vivid description in Ji Shu: "Write without stopping, write without engraving, gently turn and press again, like running water, without interruption, for business will last forever." Because of its unique artistic expression and wide practicability, running script has been favored and widely circulated since its birth. After the golden period of Wei and Jin Dynasties and the development period of Tang Dynasty, running script reached a new peak in Song Dynasty and gradually occupied the mainstream position in various calligraphy styles. Throughout the long history of calligraphy, the development of seal script, official script and regular script has ups and downs, while running script is immortal, which has always been a prominent study in calligraphy. Great calligraphers of past dynasties wrote a glorious history of running script development.