The failure of the Opium War and the signing of a series of unequal treaties fundamentally changed the social nature of China. Foreign capitalism ceded Hong Kong Island from China, paid compensation of 2 1 10,000 silver dollars, opened five ports of Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai for trade, and a series of privileges such as negotiated tariff rights, consular jurisdiction and one-sided MFN treatment, which seriously damaged China's independent sovereignty. After the treaty of nanking was signed, the United States and France came one after another, taking the opportunity to claim privileges and forcing the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties. The Opium War marked the beginning of China's modern history. Since then, China has suffered more and more, and the people of China are facing more complicated and tortuous struggles.

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