origin
According to the generally accepted concept, from the late 1950s to the early 1960s, Americans who were at a disadvantage in the competition were determined to revive their former scientific, technological and military leadership at all costs. In 2006, President Kennedy officially announced that the United States would achieve the goal of sending a man to the moon in the late 1960s. This is the world-famous "Apollo moon landing program".
On the morning of July 16, 2008, the giant Saturn V rocket carried Apollo 1 1 spacecraft from the launch site in Cape Kennedy, USA, and began the first human flight to the moon. American astronauts neil armstrong, Edwin Aldrin and Michael john collins took part in the flight. At 4: 0017: 42 pm EST, Armstrong carefully stepped on the surface of the moon with his left foot, which was the first time that man set foot on the moon. Then he photographed Aldrin's landing on the moon with a special 70mm camera. They planted an American flag near the lunar module. In order to make the star-spangled banner look like it is flying in the wind on the windless moon, they elongated it through the action of a spring-like metal wire. Then, the astronauts installed a "seismograph" and a "laser reflector" ... They stayed on the surface of the moon for 2 1 hour and 18 minutes and collected 22 kilograms of lunar soil and rock samples. On the morning of July 25th, the "Apollo 1 1" command module with three heroes splashed down safely in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and the first human landing on the moon ended successfully.
ask about
However, more than 30 years later, Goldov published an article expressing doubts about the photos taken by the United States on the moon. He believes that all the photos and video records taken by the so-called American astronauts on the moon are in Hollywood studios. He stressed that he came to this conclusion after careful science and verification. The main reasons are as follows:
1. No image can see the stars in the space background;
2. The direction of the shadow left by the object on the image is multi-directional, while the shadow formed by sunlight on the object should be in one direction;
3. In the photographic record, the stars and stripes inserted on the moon are flying in the wind, so it is impossible for the wind to blow up the flag on the moon;
Seeing astronauts walking on the surface of the moon from the documentary is just like walking on the ground. In fact, the gravity on the moon is much smaller than that on the earth, so every step on the moon is equivalent to jumping 5 to 6 meters on the ground;
When the lunar landing instrument is on the "surface of the moon", the pebbles that pop up under the wheel will fall to the ground at the same speed as the same phenomenon on the earth, which should be six times faster on the moon than on the earth.
Goldov said that he questioned the photos and video records taken by American astronauts more than 30 years ago, not to deny the feat of American astronauts landing on the moon. He believes that American astronauts were close to the surface of the moon at that time, but failed to set foot on the moon for technical reasons. At that time, because the United States was eager to show its achievements to the whole world, it forged a number of moon landing photos and a documentary film, deceiving and deceiving the world for decades. He said that Ralph René, a famous American engineer, David Perry and Mary Bert, British scientists, all agreed with him.
Coincidentally, Professor Bill Kane, who claimed to be involved in the Apollo program, wrote a book called "We have never landed on the moon". In the book, he also listed some doubts about Apollo's moon landing plan, and even thought that the rocket carrying astronauts was indeed launched, but the target was not the moon, but the inaccessible South Pole, where the rocket was ejected from the command module and recovered by military aircraft. Then the astronauts went to the moon in the laboratory on earth, and finally entered the command module and were put into the Pacific Ocean to complete the so-called moon landing process.
The question whether "Apollo moon landing program" is a hoax has aroused strong repercussions in the United States. People represented by the famous physics professor Hamlet affirmed the "deception theory". They believe that the Apollo moon landing scam is based on:
1. Apollo moon landing photos are pure forgeries.
According to the data released by NASA, the incident angle between the sun and the moon is only about 6-7 degrees, but the photos of the stars and stripes inserted on the moon show that the incident angle of the sun is about 30 degrees. The included angle of the shadow in the photo should be obtained 46 hours after taking the first step.
2. The Apollo moon landing video was shot on the earth.
Through video recording, the jumping action and height of astronauts on the surface of the moon are similar to those on the ground, but they do not conform to the characteristics of walking on the surface of the moon.
There is no laser reflector on the surface of the moon at all.
According to the data of an American observatory, it can be calculated that the intensity of the reflected beam received by the laser receiver on the earth is only 1/ of the reflected intensity of the reflector. In fact, this light beam is reflected by the moon itself. In other words, there is no laser reflector on the moon at all.
The progress of Apollo program is doubtful.
The United States did not develop the first Saturn V until June 65438+October 20081October, and conducted its first launch test on June 654381October 27. Unfortunately, three astronauts were smoked to death in the fire. Subsequently, the lunar module was redesigned, and the hardware development was delayed by 18 months. How is it possible to land on the moon once in July 2008?
5. Questioning Saturn V rocket and lunar module
Modern aircraft can only send 20 loads into low orbit, but Saturn V can easily send the above loads into earth orbit and push dozens of objects out of the earth's gravitational circle. Why was it abandoned later? It is said that even the drawings have not been preserved?
6. The influence of temperature on photographic equipment
The surface of the moon can reach c during the day. According to the picture, the camera is exposed outside the spacesuit and there is no heat preservation measure. The film will curl when heated at 66℃. How to take pictures?
These people believe that the United States has never explained all this, and insiders may even be directly intimidated because they are worried that their lives will be affected, and have remained silent so far. But I believe that in the near future, the "moon landing scam" born in the space race era between the United States and the Soviet Union will definitely come out.
refute
However, there are also many people who think that the Apollo moon landing program can't be faked:
First of all, because the plan was broadcast live all over the world at that time, nearly 1 100 million people saw it with their own eyes. In addition, astronauts brought back some objects from the moon, such as rocks.
Second, the United States will not joke about its credibility. If it's a scam, they don't need to take such a big risk to broadcast it live, just post some photos afterwards. Otherwise, once something goes wrong, the United States will bear huge consequences, even lose its reputation and will never recover.
Third, NASA has thousands of scientists and engineers, most of whom will take a scientific attitude and will not treat serious scientific problems as trivial matters. If the moon landing plan is a scam, not only will the personality of all participants be damaged, but it will be difficult for tens of thousands of people to keep a lie for decades.
In addition, the American media is almost pervasive. If there is cheating, the major media will make a big fuss. So far, the American press has not made a fuss about it, and there must be some truth in it.
Then there is not enough evidence to expose it. It was pointed out that Hamlet's reasons were not rigorous enough. Judging that landing on the moon is a scam based on only a few photos and videos is as ridiculous as proving Goethe's conjecture by mathematical induction.
In the heated debate, on July 20th last year, the United States held a ceremony at the National Museum in Washington to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the first moon landing. US Vice President Al Gore awarded the Langley Gold Medal to the three astronauts who landed on the moon on Apollo 1 1 in recognition of their contributions to this cause. This somewhat shows the attitude of the United States towards this. However, Armstrong still refused to attend any press conference, sign autographs or take photos. For 30 years, he chose silence. This leaves people with a huge question.
So did American astronauts land on the moon for the first time? Is the American landing on the moon really a scam? People are eagerly looking forward to the real answer.