Knowledge points that should be mastered:
3. Synonymous sentences:
How tall are you? = = How tall are you?
How much do you weigh? = = How much do you weigh?
4. How to start:
How are you? Asking about your health.
How old ... ask sb's age
How high ... Ask the height
How long ... Question length
How old ... Ask the size (refers to the size of appearance and shape)
How much ... Ask the weight, the weight
How much ... Ask how much, the number of objects
How much ... ask price
It's and its: these two words have the same pronunciation, but different meanings. It is the abbreviation of it is, which means "it is" in Chinese, for example, it is a fat cat. This is a fat cat. Its is a pronoun meaning "its", for example, that is its tail. That's its tail.
Unit 2:
Knowledge points that should be mastered:
1, ache is a noun, which means persistent and fixed pain. It is a fragile guy, and the name of a part of its body is afraid of it. If it accidentally catches up, it will be out of luck. Earache, stomach pain, back pain, heart disease.
2. Sore, pain and injury
Sore is an adjective that means "painful" before a noun or after the verb be, such as: my nose hurts. My nose hurts.
Ache is a noun, often placed after it, indicating persistent and fixed pain, such as headache, stomachache, backache, heart attack, etc.
Hurt is a verb meaning "to sting or hurt", for example, he hurt his leg. He hurt his leg. At this time, we can also say, "His leg hurts." Sometimes they can express the same meaning, for example, I have a backache. However, it should be noted that not all words can be converted in this way, and some fixed usages cannot be changed.
3. What's the matter? When matter is used as a noun, it means "urgent matter, trouble, problem". In this usage, the article the must be added. Its synonymous sentence is: What's the matter? Is there any trouble? What's the matter? What's the problem? As a medical term, it is often used to ask patients about their physical condition.
4. May and may:May and May can both indicate possibility. When may expressed his guess, he was not sure, showed special respect to the other party, and felt uncertain and tentative. May means that one thing may happen (or something may happen).
5. Listening and listening: Listening refers to the result of "listening, listening". I listened, but I heard nothing. I listened attentively, but I heard nothing.
Listening means "listen, listen, listen". They are listening to the radio. They are listening to the radio.
6. About the simple present tense:
Usage of the simple present tense: indicates actions that occur frequently or repeatedly. I have lunch every day. I have lunch every day. It also represents a state that exists now. My sister is a teacher. My sister is a teacher.
The simple present tense is often used with adverbs such as "Chang", sometimes (sometimes) always (always) usually, and can also be used with "every day", "every week", "every year" and "once a week".
(1) The simple present tense can be divided into the simple present tense of be verb and the simple present tense of notional verb.
1) be verbs include am, is and are, which are "yes" in Chinese, and the usage of these three words will change with the change of subject. "am" is used in the first person singular (I); "is" is used in the third person singular (he, she, it); "are" is used in the first person plural (we), the second person singular and plural (you) and the third person plural (them). You can remember the following jingle: am is mine, his, hers and its, yours and everyone's.
2) General questions and negative sentences
I am a teacher. (I am a teacher)
You are his friend. (You are his friend)
She is a nurse. (She is a nurse)
All the above three sentences are affirmative. When such sentences become interrogative and negative sentences, the word order in some places is different from that in Chinese, which requires special attention. When it becomes a question, put the verb be "am, is, are" at the beginning of the sentence, and use the verb be when answering; When it becomes a negative sentence, put the negative not after "am is are", which can be abbreviated as:
No-no-no.
Note: if are not, is not at the end of the sentence, you can't use abbreviations, you must write the whole word.
3) If the verb of the sentence is not the be verb "am is are" but other notional verbs, the auxiliary verb "do" or "does" should be used for interrogative sentences and negative sentences, which means that the be verb and the notional verb prototype cannot be used at the same time. The "do" and "do" and "does" here have no meaning in themselves, but only help to form questions and negative sentences. General interrogative sentences must be pronounced in a falling tone.
The usage of "do" and "does" will change with people. Please look at the following two groups of sentences and pay attention to distinguish their similarities and differences.
In these two groups of sentences, the sentence structure varies with the person, as follows:
When the subject is singular in the third person, the affirmative sentence is: subject+S form of verb+object.
The negative sentence is: subject+auxiliary verb not+ verb prototype+object.
The interrogative sentence is: Does+ subject+verb prototype+object.
The auxiliary verb does should also be used in affirmative and negative answers.
Note: after using the third person singular, the verb s form is not used, but the verb prototype is used.
The simple present tense of verbs, except for the third person singular (he she she it), uses the verb prototype. When the subject is someone else, the affirmative sentence is: subject+verb prototype+object.
The negative sentence is: subject+auxiliary verb don t+ verb prototype+object.
The interrogative sentence is: Do+ subject+verb prototype+object.
The auxiliary verb do should also be used in affirmative and negative answers.
Note: to become a question, add "do" at the beginning of the sentence; To be a negative sentence, you should add "do not" before the verb, which can be abbreviated as "don't".
Third unit
Knowledge points that should be mastered:
1, about the simple past tense
Simple past tense: indicates the behavior or state at a certain moment in the past. The predicate verb should use the simple past tense. Often with yesterday (yesterday), last week (last week), last month (last month), last year (last year), two months ago (the day before yesterday), in 1990 (in 1990), in the day.
I was born in 1990. I was born in 1990.
In the previous sentence, the first sentence belongs to the general past tense of be verb; The second and third sentences belong to the general past tense of notional verbs.
The simple past tense of (1) is a verb
Use be verbs in sentences without substantive verbs. The past tense of am is wasare and the past tense is were.
Composition: affirmative sentence: subject +was(were)+ object
I was late yesterday. I was late yesterday. )
Negative sentence: subject +was (were) +not+ object
We were not late yesterday. We weren't late yesterday.
Question: Was(Were)+ subject+object
Were you sick yesterday? Were you sick yesterday? )
Yes, I am. Yes, I am ill. )
No, I'm not sick. )
Special interrogative sentence: special interrogative word +was(were)+ subject+object.
When were you born? When were you born?
(2) the simple past tense of notional verbs
Positive sentences should use the past tense of verbs, negative sentences and interrogative sentences should use the past tense of auxiliary verbs do and does.
The affirmative sentence is: subject+verb past tense+object.
I went home at nine o'clock yesterday. I went home at nine o'clock yesterday. )
Negative sentence: subject+no+verb prototype+object
I didn't go home yesterday. )
Interrogative sentence: Did+ subject+verb prototype+object
Did you go home yesterday? Did you go home yesterday? )
Yes, I did. Yes, I did. )
No answer: no, I didn't go home. )
(3) The past tense of auxiliary verbs and modal verbs is as follows:
Shall――should is used in the first person singular.
Will――would be used for everyone.
Is it okay? Can (can, will) can-can (can) must-must (must)
Have to-have to (have to)
The past tense of auxiliary verbs and modal verbs should use their own past tense, and the following verbs should also use the prototype.
I had to do my homework yesterday. )
The second change: declarative sentences become general interrogative sentences.
Tip 1 Move the position of the word. Moving is, is, may, will, should wait. Go to the beginning of the sentence. For example:
He can pack his own bags. Can he pack his own bags?
Tip 2: Add the auxiliary verb did. When the predicate is a verb other than modal verb, auxiliary verb and copula verb, the verbs such as was, were and add did before the subject will be restored. For example:
Mr Li looks very old. Does Mr. Li look old?
Three changes: declarative sentences become special interrogative sentences.
Prompt 1 Determine the interrogative words: who/who, what, where, when/when, why, how long, how long, how far, etc. For example:
They held a concert last night. When will they hold the concert?
Tip 2 Identify structural forms: interrogative words+modal verbs/auxiliary verbs /was/were/did+ subject+...? For example:
The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?
When expressing people or things owned by two * * * (* * has), just add' s (or') before the last noun. If it means that they belong to each other (they own each other), add an S (or') after each noun. For example:
Joan and Jane's room (the room belongs to two people * * *).
Joan and Jane's room (Joan and Jane's room)
(4) Omission of words modified by S possessive case.
1) indicates a place noun such as a clinic, a shop or someone's home, and the modifiers after the possessive case of the noun are often omitted. For example:
I met her in the doctor's office. I met her at the clinic.
He went to the tailor's. He went to the clothing store.
She went to Mr. Black's home yesterday. She went to Mr. Black's house yesterday.
2) Words modified by the possessive case of nouns can often be omitted to avoid repetition if they have been mentioned before. For example:
Whose pen is this? This is Tom's. Whose pen is this? It is Tom's.
This bike is not mine, but Wang Pinpin's. This bike is not mine, but Wang Pinpin's.
3. they and their: they mean that "they" are personal pronouns in the objective case, and they are placed behind transitive verbs and prepositions as objects. I want to help them. Their "their" is an adjective possessive pronoun, which is placed before nouns. These are their books. This is their book.
Fourth unit
How, how to get there-to the end, the rest, and the end.
Sihui sentence:
Where did you go on holiday? Where did you go on holiday?
I went to Xinjiang. I went to Xinjiang.
How did you get there? How did you get there?
I went by train. I went by train.
Knowledge points that should be mastered:
1. Usage of preposition before time:
Prepositions used in English are different in different periods. There are generally the following rules.
(1) is used before words indicating a period of time, such as years, months and seasons, such as 2009, May and spring. Besides, in the morning, afternoon and evening, we also use it in the morning, afternoon and evening.
(2) On a certain day, a certain day in a week and a certain day in January, such as Monday, May 1 day and Tuesday morning.
(3) indicates the specific time and at what time … for example, at 6 o'clock. At 7: 20.
2. The writing format of English letters;
(1) Address: refers to the address of the recipient. It usually starts from the top box on the left side of the stationery.
(2) Text: refers to the main part of the letter. Start at the top of the first paragraph and write it on the next line of the title, or leave four or five letters empty.
(3) Conclusion: Generally speaking, it is a courtesy to the receiver. Love, yours or sincerity is often used. Usually, after the end of the text, a new line will be written on the upper left.
(4) Signature: refers to the signature of the sender. Write it on the line below the conclusion, and also use capital letters.
Ordinal numbers are transformed from cardinal words, meaning "the first …".
(1) 1-3 are the first, the second and the third respectively, which are irregular.
(2) 4- 19 is usually composed of cardinal words plus th, and the special ones are: 55, 88, 99, else-forever.
(3) The suffix -ty of integer numbers should be changed to tie first and then -th, such as twenty-twenty.
(4) Two digits only change the latter numeral into ordinal number, and the former numeral still retains its cardinal form. For example, 21-21
How do you go to school?
Knowledge points:
There are many ways to go somewhere. There are many ways to go to a place.
The road here must be plural. Because there is the plural form of There be sentence pattern.
2. Arrive at the destination. In order to end this unit, we must learn the phrases related to get:
Get on, get off, get off, get off
3. Walking Most other means of transportation can use the preposition by…, but walking can only use the preposition on.
You must never add "go" before "go to school". This is a fixed match.
5.USA and US both refer to the United States. In addition, America also means America.
You must say hello before you go to the park. If the place you want to go has a specific name, you can't add it. If the place you want to go doesn't have a specific name, you must add it. Go to the school ahead.
How do you get to ...? How do you get to a place? If you want to ask the third person singular, you should use: How does he/she … go …?
8, antonym:
Get on-get off near-far fast-slow because-why.
Same-different.
9. Synonyms:
Bye.-Bye. Sure.-Sure.-Sure
10, frequency adverb:
Always always, always always, always usually, often, sometimes, sometimes, never.
Unit 2 Where is the Science Museum?
Knowledge points:
1, near means nearby, and next means adjacent. Its scope is smaller than near's.
The cinema is called "cinema" in English and "movie theatre" in America.
For indicates how long it will last. When it indicates how long it will take to do something, use for. For example, walk east for 5 minutes.
4. When indicating which direction one place is in another place, use the preposition of. The hospital is in the east of the cinema. The hospital is in the east of the cinema.
5. Use the preposition at when indicating where to turn. Turn left at the bank. Turn left at the bank.
6.find means "find", emphasizing the found results. Look for means "looking" and emphasizes the process of looking.
7, English letters and Chinese letters are not exactly the same:
Beginning: English is to add a comma after the person, and Chinese is to add a colon.
Text: English is capitalized, and Chinese needs two spaces.
End: English inscriptions and names are capitalized and written separately. Chinese is a new line, and it is a bit backward when put together.
8. Synonyms:
Bookstore = Bookstore Go straight = Go straight.
after school
9, antonyms or corresponding words:
Here (here)-there (there)
East (East)-West (West)-North (North)-South (South)
Left (left)-right (right) Get on (get on)-Get off (get off)
10, in front of ... means in front of ... means within the scope of this place, in front of ... means beyond the scope of this place. In front of our classroom means outside the classroom and in front of the classroom. The front of the classroom refers to the front of the classroom.
1 1. Away from ... means away from somewhere. Be can be am, is and are. I am far from school now. I am far from school now.
My home is not far from school. My home is not far from school.
Unit 3 What are you going to do?
Knowledge points:
What are you going to do? what do you want to do? Ask others about their future plans. Be going to is followed by the verb prototype.
2. The difference between tonight and tonight: Tonight refers to the time before going to bed tonight, usually before twelve o'clock at night. Today's night refers to tonight, generally refers to the whole night, the whole night.
3. The meaning and usage of some interrogative pronouns:
(1) something. Used to ask what this is, what it does, what it is called, what it looks like, and so on. What's your name? What's your name?
What does your father do? What does your father do?
What's your hobby? What's your hobby?
What's your favorite food? What's your favorite food?
What's your math teacher like? What does your math teacher look like?
(2) Where, where and where to go. Used to ask the location.
Where are you from? Where are you from?
Where are you going? Where are you going?
Where is my ruler? Where is my ruler?
(3) When and when. Used to ask the time. For example:
When is your birthday? When is your birthday?
When are you going to go? When are you going to go?
When do you go to school? When do you go to school?
4) What time is it? Used to ask the specific time,
What time is it? What time is it now?
What color is it? Used to ask about the color of an object. For example:
What color is your schoolbag? What color is your schoolbag?
(6) What kind of what kind? Used to ask the category. such as
What kind of fruit do you like? What kind of fruit do you like best?
(7) Who? Used to ask who the character is. For example:
Who is your English teacher? Who is your English teacher?
Who is that man? Who is that man?
(8) Who is who? Used to ask who the owner of the object is. For example:
Whose pencil is this? Whose pencil is this?
Whose bike is blue? Whose bike is blue?
(9) which one. Used to ask which one. For example:
Which season do you like best? Which season do you like best?
Which pencil is Ken? Long or short?
Which pencil is Ken? Long or short?
How about (10)? Used to ask about physical condition, or the state of things, views on events, etc. For example:
How are you? How are you?
How is your mother? How is your mother?
What about you? What about you?
(1 1). Used to ask how many there are, followed by the plural form of nouns. For example:
How many books do you have? How many books do you have?
How many kites can you see? How many kites can you see?
(12) How much is it? Used to ask the price of an item. For example:
How much are they? How much are they?
How much is your schoolbag? How much is your schoolbag?
(13) How old are you? Used to ask age. such as
How old are you? How old are you?
How old is your father? How old is your father?
(14) Why? Used to ask why, usually because it is used to answer. Why do you like spring? Why do you like spring?
Because I can fly a kite. Because I can fly a kite.
(15) How long?
(16) How high is it?
I want to be … I want to be … to express my ideal.
Unit 4 I have a pen pal
1. Rules for changing verbs into gerunds:
Verbs become gerunds, that is, verbs plus ing. Generally, the following three rules should be followed:
(1) In general, you can add ing directly after the verb. Such as: play-play-read-read-do-do-walk.
(2) For verbs ending with the silent letter e, remove the silent letter e and add ing. Such as: writing-writing-riding-reading-making-making dance-dancing
(3) For stressed closed syllables ending in monosyllables and monosyllables, write the last consonant twice, and then add ing. Such as: running-running swimming-swimming-playing-playing-sitting-sitting.
2, about the third person singular:
The rule that verbs become singular in the third person;
(1) In a sentence, if the subject is neither you nor me, but someone else, then this person is called the third person singular.
(2) In sentences with third-person words, verbs should be in the form of third-person words.
(3) When a verb becomes singular in the third person, the following rules should be followed:
In general, add s directly after the verb. For example:
Read-read produce-produce write-write.
② Verbs ending with the letters S, X, O, sh and ch end with es. For example: do-do-wash-wash-teach-teacher walk-walk-pass-pass.
③ Verbs ending in y can be divided into two situations. Verbs ending in vowels and y add s directly at the end of the word. Such as: play-play-buy-buy
Verbs ending in consonants and y should change y into I, and then add es. For example, learning-research.
4 nouns ending in f and fe, first change f and Fe into v, and then add -es.
⑤ Special changes: Yes-Yes.
(4) In the third-person singular sentence, as long as there is a does or its negative form not, the other verbs in this sentence should be in the original form.
(5) When the affirmative sentence in the third person singular becomes a negative sentence, add the verb not before the verb to restore the original shape. He lives in Beijing. He doesn't live in Beijing.
(6) When the third-person singular declarative sentence becomes a general interrogative sentence, it starts with does, and the verbs behind it should also become prototypes. He lives in Beijing. Does he live in Beijing?
3. Pay attention to the changes of several words:
Hobby (plural form)-Hobby must (synonym)-must
Fifth unit
1, some technical terms are changed from verbs:
Teacher-teacher cleaner-cleaner singer-singer dance-dancer
Driver-driver writing-writer TV report-TV reporter
Behavior-Actor Behavior-Actress Art-Artist Engineer-Engineer
2. When doing the question "Ask the underlined part of the sentence", there are generally three steps to follow:
(1). Determine the special interrogative words corresponding to the underlined part of the sentence and replace the underlined part with special interrogative words.
(2) Replace underlined sentences with special questions and turn them into general questions.
(3) Finally, put the special interrogative words at the beginning of the sentence.
The above three basic steps can be summarized in three words, namely, decide, ask and ask. For example:
Is this a book?
What is this? ② What is this? (3) What is this?
Note: Sentence ① ② is only a changing process and does not need to be written in the test questions. Sentence (3) is the form and result required by the test questions and must be written on the test questions. The above three steps are the most basic process of asking questions about the underlined part of a sentence.
But when asking questions about different components of different sentences, we should also pay attention to the following points:
(1). If the underlined part of the sentence is the subject, just find out the corresponding special interrogative words to replace the underlined part. For example:
He teaches us English. Who teaches us English?
My mother's clothes are over there. Whose clothes are over there?
(2) If the underlined part of the sentence is a predicate (including a predicate verb), no matter What form (tense and voice) the original predicate verb is, it should be changed to the corresponding form of do: no matter who, what or place is behind the original predicate verb, it should be changed to what. For example:
1) They are playing football.
What they are doing. ② What are they doing? What are they doing?
The wolf tried to kill the man.
What does the wolf want to do? ② What does the wolf want to do?
What does the wolf want to do?
(3) If the underlined part of a sentence is an attribute and it is in the predicate part, then the special interrogative words should be mentioned at the beginning of the sentence together with the nouns that follow. For example:
That is his pen.
Whose pen is that? Whose pen is that? Whose pen is that?
Ask questions about the underlined part of the attribute. If the underlined part belongs to the relationship, use whose as a special interrogative word; If the underlined part refers to a specific "one", the special interrogative word is which；; If the underlined part refers to the content or occupation, what are the special interrogative words; ; If the underlined part refers to quantity, what is the special question word?
Sixth unit
1, nouns become adjectives:
Rain-rain clouds-cloudy wind-windy sun-sunny snow-snowy.