The beauty of mountains and rivers, talked about from ancient times

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(2008-4-26 20:21:57) 21 views Quotations from Chinese sages throughout the ages

"Reply to Zhongshu" and "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple" Detailed explanation of the text and exercises

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Author: -

Two short essays for Lesson 27

A glance at all the mountains

Overall perception

"Thanks to Zhongshu" was written by Tao Hongjing A letter to my friend Xie Zhongshu. The first sentence of the article leads the entire text, summarizing the feelings of elegant people of ancient and modern times. The middle part continues the previous text and specifically depicts the beauty of the mountains and rivers. The author selects representative scenery and uses the changes in height, distance, movement and stillness, as well as the three-dimensional experience of vision and hearing, to convey the joy of life that he integrates with nature, which reflects the author's love for nature and his interest in retreating to the woods and springs.

"Remembering a Night Tour at Chengtian Temple" is a short essay by Su Shi. The article only has 84 words, but it creates a quiet and tranquil artistic realm and conveys the author's complex and subtle state of mind. In particular, the author uses highly concise pen and ink to describe the clarity and transparency of the moonlight and the elegance of the reflections of bamboo and cypress, creating a wonderful realm of clear sky, swaying sparse shadows, and reality. At the end, two rhetorical questions and an exclamation are used to directly express the sadness of being relegated, the emotion of life and the joy of admiring the moon.

Learning guidance

Use reference books and annotations to understand the full text and accumulate classical Chinese words. Based on the overall understanding of the main idea of ??the text, read it aloud repeatedly until it becomes a chant. Understand the lives of the two authors and the writing background of the article respectively, so as to better understand the theme and the author's thoughts and feelings. Especially for the article "Night Tour at Chengtian Temple", only by understanding the historical background of the author being demoted to Huangzhou can we deeply understand the author's complex and subtle state of mind and understand the concluding sentence "What night is without moon? Where is there no bamboo and cypress" ? But the profound meaning of "a few idle people is like my two ears". When studying "The Book of Thanks to Zhongshu", you must appreciate the three-dimensional visual and auditory experience and the beauty of the pictures achieved by the author through changes in height, distance, movement and stillness. Understand the author's passion for nature and his interest in retreating to the mountains and forests. The language in both articles is concise and moving. It is necessary to grasp the wonderful sentences and appreciate them to appreciate the beauty of language and the ingenuity of word choice.

Pao Ding Qiao explains the cow

Interpretation of the title

"Thanks to Zhongshu" is a reply letter written by Tao Hongjing to his friend Xie Zhongshu. In the letter, he praised the beauty of the mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River. The diction is clear and beautiful.

"Night Tour to Chengtian Temple" is a travel note written by Su Shi when he was demoted to Huangzhou. Chengtian Temple is a temple in the south of Huanggang City, Hubei Province. Night refers to travel time; note... travel indicates that this article is a travel note.

Get closer to the author

Tao Hongjing (456-536), courtesy name Tongming, also known as Huayang Jushi, was a Taoist thinker and medical expert in the Qi and Liang dynasties of the Southern Dynasties. When he was an official in Qi Dynasty, he was appointed as the attendant of King Xuandu and the general of Zuowei Palace. He entered Liang and lived in seclusion in Huayang Cave in Maoshan Mountain. Emperor Wu of Liang could not hire anyone, but he often discussed important court affairs with him. People at that time called him the "Prime Minister of the Mountains". There is "Tao Yinju Collection".

Su Shi (1037-1101), courtesy name Zizhan, also known as Dongpo Jushi, was a native of Meishan. A famous writer in the Song Dynasty, together with his father Xun and his younger brother Zhe, they were known as the "Three Sus". He became a Jinshi at the age of twenty and served as an official in the imperial court many times. Due to the struggle between the old and new parties, he was often demoted and relegated. His life was rough. In 1101, he was pardoned and returned to the north. He died in Changzhou in July and was given the posthumous title of "Wenzhong". Su Shi's thoughts are relatively complex, and Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism all influenced him. He is good at poetry and prose. He is a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty and one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". There is "The Complete Works of Dongpo" handed down from generation to generation.

Background overview

"Thanks to Zhongshu":

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the political situation was turbulent and conflicts were acute. Many literati often sought spiritual happiness from the beauty of nature. relief. Although such works do not have positive and progressive political views, they use superb artistic skills to create fine works with aesthetic value. This reply letter from Tao Hongjing to Xie Zhongshu praised the beauty of the mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River. The pen framed the mountains and rivers, the paper captured the four seasons, and the diction was clear and beautiful. It is a masterpiece of landscape sketches in the Six Dynasties.

"Night Tour of Chengtian Temple": In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi was accused of having different opinions on the new law and was thrown into prison. More than four months later, he was demoted to Huangzhou Tuanlian deputy envoy (local military assistant officer). The official office also added the words "Resettlement in this state", which is similar to exile.

Word sorting

1. Word pronunciation

秣 (mò) Hong (hóng) sunset (tuí) algae (zǎo) 荇 (xìng) sleep (qǐn)

2. Polyphonetic characters

du dōu (all go) horizontal héng (horizontal and vertical) and yù (participation) xiāng (mutual)

dū (Urban) hèng (arrogant) yǔ (kind to others) xiàng (horse)

3. Word meaning

Xinran: happy. The sun is about to set: the sun is about to set. Decline, fall.

phase with: *** same, together. Desire Realm: It is the realm of beings who have not escaped from the seven emotions and six desires of the world.

Xiandu: It is a beautiful world where gods live. The morning fog is about to break: the morning fog is about to dissipate.

Snow-scaled competition: Fish swimming in the water compete to jump out of the water. Shen Lin, a fish swimming in the water.

Five-color brilliance: The text describes the colorful colors of the stone wall. Five colors. In ancient times, green, yellow, black, white and red were the five colors. Brilliance, complementing each other.

4. The word has multiple meanings

There is no one that can be more surprising. (Yin yù, participation, here refers to appreciation.)

Those who think about nothing and be happy (Yǔ, harmony, hey,)

Looking for Huaimin (find, find)

End of illness (soon, adverb)

Idle people are busy in farming and have no idle people (people who have nothing to do)

Idle people are not allowed to enter (people who have nothing to do with things)

But a few idle people are like my two ears (people who can linger calmly)

5. Different meanings in ancient and modern times

But a few idle people are like my two ears . (Ancient meaning: a person who is leisurely. Today’s meaning: a person who has nothing to do with things, often with a derogatory meaning.)

The moonlight enters the house (ancient meaning: refers to the door. Modern meaning: mainly refers to other people’s homes.)

Detailed explanation of the text

"Thank you Zhongshu":

The beauty of mountains and rivers has been talked about since ancient times. (The beauty of the mountains and rivers has been admired by literati since ancient times.) [This sentence is the first layer, starting with emotion and leading to the whole text. From ancient times to the present, "*** talk" is used to summarize what everyone loves, and "beauty" is used to highlight the center of the whole text. The author regards Xie Zhongshu as a friend who can talk about mountains and rivers, and at the same time he also hopes to stand shoulder to shoulder with Lin Quan, a master of the past and present. ]The peak reaches the clouds, and the clear stream reaches the bottom. (The majestic peaks tower into the clouds, and the clear streams are crystal clear to the bottom.) [Strive to describe the height of the mountains and the purity of the water. With a concise pen, I wrote two perspectives of looking up and looking down in just eight characters. The triple scenery of white clouds, high mountains and flowing water, water The momentum of the mountain adds vitality to the mountain, and the reflection of the mountain adds splendor to the water. The mountain and water complement each other, creating a beautiful realm of freshness, elegance and tranquility. ] The stone walls on both sides of the strait are in five colors. Green forests and green bamboos are available for all seasons. (The stone walls on both sides of the strait are colorful and complement each other. The green forests and emerald bamboo bushes last all year round. Five colors. In ancient times, green, yellow, black, white and red were the five colors. They complement each other. Four seasons, four seasons.) [ This sentence uses a flat and high perspective to write about what you can see from afar. The stone walls stand thousands of feet high, with five colors vying for glory. In addition, there are green forests and green bamboos mixed in among them. It is like a colorful brocade decorated with jasper and emerald, creating a spectacle.

] What night has no moon? Where are there no bamboos or cypresses? But there are few idle people like me with two ears. (What night doesn’t have a moon? What place doesn’t have bamboos and cypresses? But idle people like us are rare! But, just idle people, leisurely people.) [A few words express the author’s complicated and unspeakable feelings. The word "leisure" is highlighted throughout the text. At night, he "undresses and wants to sleep" and is "free"; when he sees "the moonlight enters the house", he "happily sets out" and is "free"; and "walks in the courtyard" with Zhang Huaimin, even looking at the "bamboo and cypress shadows" so carefully, So clearly, both of them are free. "What night is without the moon? Where is there no bamboo and cypress?" But on a winter night, there are only "me and me" who go out to admire the moon and see the bamboo and cypress, because others are "busy people" and "I and I" are "idle people". The "idle person" at the end is the finishing touch, contrasting the "idleness" of "the two of us" with the lack of "idleness" of others. Only when you are "free" can you "walk at night" and enjoy the beautiful scenery of the moonlit night. As a result, the sadness of being relegated, the emotion of life, the joy of admiring the moon, the leisurely stroll, and all kinds of subtle and complex emotions were integrated into the moonlight that seemed both real and illusory. At that time, Su Shi was demoted to the deputy envoy of the Huangzhou regiment training. He was almost in exile and was in a melancholy mood. However, he sought spiritual sustenance from the beautiful scenery of nature, and his words revealed a broad-minded and upward mind. ][The above is the second level, writing about "I" going on a night trip to find my friend Zhang Huaimin. The author uses highly concise pen and ink to create a wonderful realm of clarity, emptiness, and swaying shadows, which is both real and illusory. The sadness of being relegated, the emotion of life, the joy of admiring the moon, the leisurely stroll - all kinds of subtle and complex emotions are integrated into the moonlight that seems real and illusory. The language is concise, subtle and profound, exquisite and expressive. ]

[Extended] All scenery language is love language: the description of scenery is to express certain thoughts and feelings of the characters. The author's situation and experiences are different, and even the same scenery will have different thoughts and feelings. For example, the moonlight in this article is the author's special perception in a specific situation, and he has thoughts and feelings that are different from others.

Writing Characteristics

"A Letter to the Book of Appreciation"

This article does not just focus on the scenery itself, but captures the soul of the scenery, that is, all things in nature. The vigorous vitality conveys the joy of life that is integrated with nature through the changes in height, distance, movement and stillness, and the three-dimensional experience of vision and hearing. It reflects the author's love for nature and his interest in retreating to the woods and springs. The text is clear and unobtrusive.

"Night Tour at Chengtian Temple"

⑴The article uses the word "moon" to write about the night tour, and with just a few strokes, the whole realm is revealed, and the language is highly concise vivid.

⑵ The close combination of scene description, narrative and lyricism is endlessly memorable.

Theme Exploration

The theme of this article is expressed as follows:

"Thanks to Zhongshu" is a reply letter written by Tao Hongjing to his friend Xie Zhongshu, in which he praised Jiangnan. The beauty of mountains and rivers conveys the joy of life that is integrated with nature, and reflects the author's love for nature and his interest in retreating to the woods and springs.

"Night Tour of Chengtian Temple" creates a quiet and tranquil artistic realm, conveys the author's complex and subtle state of mind, and expresses the author's open-mindedness and broad-mindedness that he attaches great importance to the natural beauty to relieve melancholy.

What do you think of the theme of this article?

Go to the next level

Build the foundation to meet the standards

1. Which of the following dotted characters has incorrect pronunciation ( )

A The sunset is about to be decadent (tuī) B The scales are sinking and jumping (jìng) C The algae and water plants are crossing each other (xìng) D There are no pines and cypresses anywhere (bǎi)

Analysis: The item A is wrong, decadence should be read as tuí.

Answer: A

2. One of the following punctuated explanations is incorrect ( )

A All four seasons are available (all, all) Xiao The fog is about to break (dissipate) B The sunset is about to fall (fall) The sinking scales are jumping (referring to the fish)

C Those who think about nothing and are happy (missing each other) walk together in the atrium (support each other) D The five colors intersect Hui (radiance) is available in all four seasons (four seasons)

Analysis: "Nian" in item C should mean "consider, think of"; "Xianyu" means "*** same, together", Therefore, choose C

Answer: C

3. Translate the following sentences.

⑴It is actually the fairy city of desire_____________________________

⑵But there are few idle people like the two of us.____________________________

Analysis: Pay attention to the key words in the sentence The precise meaning of "Desire Realm", "But" and "Ear".

Answer: ⑴ It is really paradise on earth; ⑵ It just lacks leisurely people like the two of us.

4. The following groups with different braided characters have different meanings ( )

Since Kangle, the White Emperor in the morning and Jiangling in the evening

A B

Seven hundred miles from the Three Gorges, the dawn fog was about to subside, and the sunset was about to fade

Then I went to Chengtian Temple to look for Zhang Huaimin, but no one could match him

C D

In the morning, the White Emperor went to Jiangling to recite Wuyu and find joy

Analysis: The two "zi" in item A both mean "from, from"; the meaning of "chao" in item B is ""Xiao" both means "morning"; "to" and "arrival" in item C both mean "arrival"; the first "and" in item D means "appreciation", and the second "and" means " "And", so choose D.

Answer: D

5. The one item that is consistent with the original sentence of the text is ( )

A Huaimin is not sleeping yet, and he is walking in the middle court. . B But there are few idle people like two people.

C is actually the fairy capital of the world of desire. D. Clear forests and green bamboos are available in all seasons.

Analysis: "xiangyu" in item A should be "xiangyu", and "ting" is "ting"; the word "wu" is missing after the word "ru" in item B; the word "qing" in item D is "Lin" should be "green forest", and "have" should be "all equipped"; so choose C.

Answer: C

Comprehensive development

1. Reading comprehension

(1) Read the following passage and complete 6— —10 questions.

Thanks to Zhongshu Shushu

Tao Hongjing

The beauty of mountains and rivers has been talked about since ancient times. The peak reaches the clouds and the clear stream reaches the bottom. The stone walls on both sides of the bank are in five colors. Green forests and green bamboos are available for all seasons. The mist is about to break at dawn, and the apes and birds are chirping wildly; the sunset is about to fade, and the sunken scales are dancing. It is truly the fairy capital of the world of desire. Since the time of Kangyue, no one has been as amazing as him.

10. Explain the meaning of the following sentences.

⑴The peak reaches the clouds, and the clear stream bottoms out_______________. ⑵The fog is about to break at dawn, and the apes and birds are chirping _______________.

Analysis: There are no uncommon words in these two sentences, so they are easier to understand. But when translating, you should pay attention to the fluency and conciseness of the sentences.

Answer: ⑴ The majestic peaks tower into the clouds, and the clear streams are crystal clear; ⑵ When the morning mist is about to dissipate, the chirping of apes and birds comes one after another.

10. In the article "Three Gorges", the author also uses four-character sentences to describe the characteristics of mountains and water respectively: ________, ________, which is similar to the article's "peaks reach the clouds, clear streams bottom out" .

Analysis: To answer this question, you need to connect it with other texts to achieve a comprehensive understanding.

Answer: "Hide the sky and block out the sun", "The green pool is clear and the reflection is clear".

8. Which sentences in the article describe colorful and brilliant scenes? _______________

Analysis: To answer this question, we can start from the perspective of Xuan Zhao’s words expressing color.

Answer: The stone walls on both sides of the strait are in five colors. Green forests and green bamboos are available for all seasons.

9. Judge whether it is right or wrong, mark “√” if it is right, and mark “×” if it is wrong.

⑴This article is a letter written by Xie Zhongshu to Tao Hongjing.

()

⑵The article begins with emotion and ends with emotion, with a careful structure. He also expressed his desire to be on par with Lin Quan, a master of the past and present. ()

⑶The article captures the soul of the scenery, that is, the vitality of all natural things. Through the changes in height, distance, movement and stillness, and the three-dimensional experience of vision and hearing, it conveys the joy of integrating oneself with nature. feel. ()

Analysis: Item A is incorrect. This article is a letter written by Tao Hongjing to Xie Zhongshu.

Answer: ⑴× ⑵√ ⑶√

10. Expand "The fog is about to break at dawn, the apes and birds are chirping wildly; the sunset is about to fade, and the scales are falling and jumping" into a beautiful poem When describing the scenery, pay attention to association and imagination, about 70 words.

Analysis: Do not write a translation of the original text, but add your own imagination and describe it in your own language.

Answer: Omitted.

(2) Read "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple" and answer the following questions.

Su Shi

⑴On October 12, the sixth year of Yuanfeng, I undressed and was about to fall asleep. When the moonlight came into my house, I happily set off. ⑵ Those who think of nothing and find joy then go to Chengtian Temple to look for Zhang Huaimin. ⑶ Huai Min also stayed up and walked with each other in the atrium. ⑷___________. ⑸What night is there without a moon? ⑹Where are there no bamboos and cypresses? ⑺But there are few idle people like the two of us.

11. Complete the sentences with horizontal lines in the text_______________

Analysis: Check the dictation of famous sentences and pay attention to the correct glyphs.

Answer: The water under the courtyard is empty and empty, with algae and waterlilies interlaced in the water, covered with bamboo and cypress shadows.

12. Through the description of __________, this article reveals the author’s ____________ psychology after being demoted.

Analysis: Summarize the content and understand the author's mood based on the background.

Answer: Beautiful moonlit night, depression

13. The wrong understanding of this article is ( )

(A) This article was written by Su Shi This short essay was written during the period when he was demoted to Huangzhou.

(B) The author in the article calls himself an "idler" and is full of pride and happiness. He is glad that he is an official and has a leisurely life, so that he can enjoy such a beautiful moonlight.

(C) "Xingran" and "Those who think nothing and are happy" are both psychological descriptions. The former describes the author's excitement and joy, and the latter describes his loneliness after being demoted.

(D) The sentences ⑸⑹⑺ use scenes to express emotions. In just a few words, all kinds of subtle and complex emotions are contained in them.

Analysis: Item B is misunderstood. The author’s self-proclaimed “idler” also reflects his desolate mood about his political frustration.

Answer: B

14. Explain the underlined words below.

⑴ But there are few idle people like the two of us who have ears ____________ ⑵ Huaimin has not slept yet_____________

Analysis: Understand and grasp the general meaning of the original sentence.

Answer: ⑴ just; ⑵ sleep.

15. Write an ancient poem describing the "moon" outside this volume. (At least two sentences)

⑴_______________ ⑵ _______________

Analysis: Examine the accumulation of poetry. Choose what you are best at and write about it.

Answer: For example: Magpies are frightened by the bright moon, and cicadas sing in the breeze in the middle of the night. I send my sorrowful heart to the bright moon and follow you till the end of the night. The smoke cage is cold, the moon is caged in the sand, and I stay in Qinhuai at night near a restaurant. etc.

2. Language use

16. Choose any 3 words from the following and write a paragraph of no less than 30 words, which must be semantically coherent.

The wind is beautiful, the sun is quiet, the postures are numerous, the dazzling, uneven, jumping

Analysis: This question tests our ability to understand and use words. Pay attention to associations and imagination around the given words, form a beautiful picture in your mind, and then describe it. Note the word limit.

Reference answer: On a sunny spring day, we met to visit Qingcheng Mountain, which is famous for its tranquility. The mountain flowers in early spring came into view like jumping flames.

3. Composition training

17. The description of scenery in the article "Thanks to Zhongshu" does not just stop at the scenery itself, but captures the soul of the scenery, that is, the vitality of all natural things. Vitality conveys the joy of life that is integrated with nature through changes in height, distance, movement and stillness, and three-dimensional feelings of vision and hearing. When learning, you should ponder over and over again to appreciate the beauty of it. Then choose your favorite place, observe it from different angles, and write a description of the scene, about 300 words.

Tip: Observe the scenery from high, low, far and near angles, and describe different feelings and characteristics of the scenery through sense organs such as vision, hearing, and touch. We should strive to write the "spirit" (that is, the vitality) of the scenery, so as to achieve both form and spirit.

Real question practice

18. According to the meaning of the following passage, fill in the horizontal line and the appropriate connection with the context is ( ) (2005 Sichuan Provincial High School Entrance Examination Questions)

Some knowledge only needs a brief taste, and some knowledge only needs a rough understanding. Only a small amount of specialized knowledge requires in-depth study and careful consideration. Therefore, ____________________, and for a few good books, you must read them intensively, carefully, and read them repeatedly.

A. Some books only require reading part of them, while others require chewing and pondering.

B. Some books must be chewed and pondered, while some books only require reading part of them.

C. For some books, you only need to read part of them, and for some books, you only need to know the outline.

D. Some books only require an outline, while others require study and chewing.

Analysis: Answer this question through the understanding of reading, look at the relationship between the preceding and following languages ??in the sentence, see which sentence is more appropriate to supplement, and eliminate them one by one to ensure appropriate connection between the preceding and following sentences and smooth language.

Answer: C The beauty of mountains and rivers has been talked about since ancient times. The peak reaches the clouds, the clear stream bottoms out, the stone walls on both sides are illuminated by five colors, the green forests and bamboos are all ready for all four seasons, the dawn fog is about to stop, the apes and birds are chirping, the sunset is about to fade, and the scales are dancing. It is truly the fairy capital of the world of desire. Since the beginning of Kangyue, there has never been anything more amazing than it.

Author Tao Hongjing

Source: "Quan Liang Literature? Art and Literature Collection? Reply to Zhongshu Shu"

Translation The beauty of mountains and rivers has been the focus of literati since ancient times* ** Talk about appreciation. The peaks here reach into the sky, the streams are crystal clear, and the stone walls on both sides are colorful and complement each other. The green dense forests and green bamboos last for all seasons. Every morning, when the night fog is about to dissipate, you can hear the roar of apes and the chirping of birds; every time in the evening, when the sun is about to set, you can see fish jumping in the water. This is truly a paradise on earth! Since Xie Lingyun, no one has been able to be in such a wonderful scenery.