1, planting
After adjusting the humidity of the decomposed feed, dig a trench along the mulberry field and lay 10 cm, then evenly put the earthworm seeds containing egg pieces and young calls, and put 5 cm feed on them. The breeding density can be controlled at 2-2. 5 kg/m2 or 1- 1. 5 million pieces/square meter. In principle, the density can be slightly higher in the early stage and gradually decreased in the later stage.
2, sunshade and protective net
After the earthworm seeds are put away, the ditch should be covered with a layer of plastic mosquito net first, and then covered with waterproof materials such as plastic film and foam board. It can not only prevent rats, frogs and other hazards, but also prevent rain and moisture.
3. Adjustment of temperature and humidity
The optimum temperature for earthworm reproduction is 20-27℃, which is the same as that for silkworm.
In winter, the mulberry field is thickened to 40-50 cm, and the bait is covered with wheat straw or rice straw. In winter, you can also thicken and spread the dead leaves and cut mulberry branches, and then cover them with plastic sheets to keep warm and moisturize. When heating in greenhouses and silkworm houses in winter, it should be noted that the stove must be connected to the smoke pipe.
In order to prevent maggots from being called gas poisoning, in addition, the relative humidity of the air should be kept at 70% to 80% and ventilated 3-4 times a day for 30 minutes each time. Combined with ventilation in summer, water 1 time every day to cool down. Generally, water is poured once a week 1 time.
4, diligent in addition to thin food
Remove earthworm dung, take earthworm cocoons or turn the feeding bed upside down, and combine feeding for 2 -3 times a month, with the thickness of 10 cm each time, so that the dung is fresh and breathable, reducing the probability of infection caused by the untimely removal of earthworm dung due to excessive accumulation of dung, and creating favorable conditions for earthworm growth.
5. Feeding in stages
Earthworm feeding can be divided into seed group, breeding group and production group, with the thickness of 10 cm. Feeding by stages is not only beneficial to the daily management of maggots, but also beneficial to the reproduction and growth of earthworms and the prevention and control of pests and diseases.
6. Earthworms are called cocoons and seeds are called processing.
After 20 days of rearing, earthworms have produced a large number of earthworm cocoons through cross mating. At this time, the seed earthworm and earthworm cocoon can be separated and hatched, and the separated earthworm cocoon, feces and earthworm feces mixture can be piled into a new breeding pile, and the good temperature and humidity can be maintained.
When the earthworm cocoon hatches 50%, it can be covered with 10 cm feces, and it can hatch completely in about 20 days. At this time, the density in the incubation pile is very high, and 50,000-60,000 cocoons can be hatched per 1 m2. It is necessary to divide the piles in time, feed new manure in 2-3 portions, and grow up after 40 days of routine management.
The species names separated from earthworms are remixed, fed with new feces, and propagated again after 20 days.
7, timely harvest
Earthworm harvest period: generally, it should be carried out when the mature zone is obvious, the growth and development are slow, and the feed utilization rate is reduced. Harvest 1 time every month in summer, and harvest 1 time every month. In spring and autumn and May, it should be supplemented in time after harvest.
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Extended data:
disease control
1, feed poisoning
It was found that earthworms were partially or even completely paralyzed, and yellow or grassy body fluids were discharged from their backs, resulting in large-scale death. This is a new feed containing toxins or toxic gases.
At this time, it is necessary to quickly thin the bed, remove the toxic feed, loosen the bottom material of the bed, add earthworm dung to absorb toxic gas, let the earthworm dive into the water to rest, and gradually get used to it.
2. protein was poisoned.
If it is found that the body of the earthworm is partially burnt, one end shrinks or the other end expands and dies, the undead earthworm refuses to eat, and it has a sense of terror and is obviously thin.
This is due to protein poisoning caused by improper matching of feed ingredients in the feeding process.
The content of protein in the feed should not be too high (manure should not exceed the standard when making the base material), because the poisonous gas and odor such as ammonia gas produced in the process of feed decomposition in protein will poison earthworm protein.
When protein is found to be poisoned, it is necessary to quickly remove improper feed, spray clean water, loosen the feed bed or add a buffer belt to detoxify.
3. Hypoxia
If the earthworm is found to be dark brown, weak and slow, it is caused by insufficient oxygen.
The reasons are as follows: ① Incomplete fermentation of feces produces excessive harmful gases such as ammonia and alkanes; (2) The environment is too dry or too wet, which blocks the pores of earthworm epidermis; (3) The cover of the earthworm bed is too strict, and the air is blocked.
At this time, it is necessary to find out the reason in time and deal with it. If the base material is removed, fermentation is continued and a buffer zone is added.
Spray water or drain water to keep the humidity of foundation soil at about 30-40%. When it is warm at noon, open the door and open the window for ventilation or open the lid and install an exhaust fan, so that the disease will be solved.
4. hyperacidity.
It is found that earthworms have spasmodic nodules, red and swollen bands, thick and short bodies, and much mucus secretion. They crawl in circles on the feeding bed, or they can't eat at the bottom of the bed, and finally they turn white and die, and some diseases and pests break their bodies before they die.
This shows that there are too many starches, carbohydrates or salts in earthworm feed, which are acidified by bacteria, leading to hyperacidity of earthworm. The treatment method is to open the lid to ventilate the earthworm bed and spray alkaline drugs such as soda water or gypsum powder to neutralize it.
5, edema disease
If the earthworm body is found to be swollen, in a daze or desperately crawling out, body fluids will gush out from the back hole, leading to the death of the earthworm cocoon, and even the two ends of the newly produced earthworm cocoon will be broken or unable to be closed, resulting in mildew and mildew.
This is because the humidity of earthworm bed is too high and the PH value of feed is too high. At this time, the humidity should be reduced, and the earthworms that climbed to the water surface should be cleaned up in another pool.
Adding calcium superphosphate powder or vinegar residue and alcohol residue to the original base material to neutralize the pH value, and feeding earthworms again after a period of time.
Spastic nodules appear in the earthworm, which become thicker and shorter, the links are red and swollen, the mucus secretion of the whole body increases, and the earthworm turns white and dies.
The reason is that earthworms eat toxic feed, such as spraying pesticides near livestock manure piles, dumping polluted water on earthworm beds, stacking chemical fertilizers and pesticides in earthworm temporary breeding grounds, and contacting containers for transporting earthworms with toxic substances.
And earthworms are temporarily raised on the film without water leakage, the feed is too wet, the environment where earthworms live is too wet, and when the temperature is high, earthworms turn white and a few die.
If this happens due to poisoning, you can spray water for many times to wash away harmful substances, and often add concentrated feed rice bran and bran; If earthworms are kept indoors temporarily, they should be removed.
If the earthworm turns white due to excessive humidity, fermented dried animal manure or concentrated feed can be added, mixed with the original wet material and earthworm manure, and the film can be taken out. If several people are found dead, move them into the earthworm bed to feed them, so that the active earthworms can recover.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-earthworm