We arrived at the Terracotta Warriors around 9: 30.
First, I saw the signs of national first-class sites, and then I saw the "bronze chariots and horses exhibition".
The first exhibition hall we visited was the "Exhibition of Copper Cars and Horses". Entering the exhibition hall, I saw two bronze trolleys on display. The No.1 bronze car is driven by four bronze horses and has a double-wheel and single-axle structure. There is a shield on the right side of the vehicle, and a copper crossbow and arrow are hung in front of the vehicle. There is a round umbrella on the bus, and a bronze official statue stands under the umbrella.
The tour guide explained to us: "The width of a rectangular car is 126 cm, the depth is 70 cm, and the official figure is 9 1 cm high. This kind of car is called longitudinal car, also called military car and high car, so you stand on it when you ride it. It is said that car No.1 paves the way for car No.2, which plays a protective role, and the design is also very beautiful and practical. The round umbrella can freely adjust its angle with the sun, so that people standing under the umbrella don't have to worry about rain and sun exposure. "
The bronze chariot No.2 is a four-saddle, that is, a riding car. The total length of chariots and horses is 3 17 cm, and the height is 106.2 cm. There is an oval cover on the carriage, which is divided into two parts. There are real dragons, real phoenix patterns, moire patterns and various geometric patterns painted inside and outside the carriage. The tour guide said: "The back half of the car is a place similar to the small room where the owner rides. Its design is equivalent to today's air conditioner. It's warm in winter and cool in summer, with small windows on the side and small doors and windows in front. People are as comfortable in it as in the living room now. "
Tour guide's explanation: the carriage is mainly made of bronze, and the size of the carriage, horse and figurine is about half that of the real car, horse and human. After a single part is cast separately, a plurality of parts are assembled into a whole through various mechanical connection processes, such as embedded casting, riveting, snap-fastening, buckle fastening and pin connection. All kinds of chains in the carriage rotate flexibly, and doors and windows can be opened and closed freely. The thickness of the umbrella cover is only 0. 1 ~ 0.4 cm, but the area is1.12,2.3 square meters. It is cast from mud at one time. Even today, it is not easy to cast such a large, thin and uniform dome-shaped copper sheet. Bronze chariots and horses were badly damaged when unearthed. Car No.1 was broken 1338, 1459 fracture, 6 1 hole. Car No.2 has 1555 pieces, 1877 fractures and 92 holes. Almost all parts are incomplete, and most parts are deformed and seriously corroded. After nearly six years of repair work, car No.2 and car 1 appeared in front of tourists.
Listening to the tour guide, I can't help feeling the ingenuity and exquisite craftsmanship of Qin craftsmen, and I can't help but see the scenery of Qin Shihuang's trip in my mind. The bronze chariots and horses of the Qin Mausoleum are truly the "bronze crown" in ancient China.
"Terracotta Warriors Pit No.1"
When I walked into the hall, my eyes suddenly opened up, and rows of quiet, mighty and serious terracotta warriors and horses had a panoramic view. I can't help but watch and appreciate them one by one. Generals and soldiers are very imposing.
Tour guide's explanation: No.1 pit is an east-west rectangular pit, 230 meters long and 62 meters wide, with five doorways around it. There are cloisters at the east and west ends of the pit, a cloister at the north and south sides, and nine east-west holes in the middle, which are separated by rammed earth walls. Chariots are the main body of this pit, and vehicles and infantry form a rectangular joint formation. The main body of the military array faces east, and there are rows of warriors facing outward in the south, north and west corridors, serving as wings and guards; Three rows of warriors in the east are pioneers. Inside the nine tunnels, there are huge chariots and infantry main forces. There are four rows of warriors in each tunnel, some wearing robes, some wearing armor and chariots in the middle. There is a rider and two riders behind each chariot. Due to the accumulation of water in the No.1 pit, the lower part of the earth partition beam softened shortly after its completion, resulting in local collapse. Now the partition wall is lower than the terracotta figures, which is the reason.
"No.2 pit"
Coming out of the side door behind the first pit, we rushed to the second pit. Because the damage of the No.2 pit is relatively large, the pit is full of flat soil, and there is no shadow of the figurines. It is said that those terracotta figures were buried for our future generations, otherwise we would be sinners of history and have to look at the photos hanging on the wall.
Tour guide's explanation: pit 2 covers an area of about 6000 square meters. It is estimated that more than 300 warrior figures 1300 can be unearthed, 89 chariots, 356 chariots and horses, and 0/000 pommel horses/kloc-0. This Terracotta Warriors pit consists of chariots, infantry and cavalry, and the army array is divided into four parts-
At the eastern end of the bending ruler: there are 172 vertical shooting warriors in the cloister around, and 160 kneeling shooting warriors in the middle four holes, which is a crossbowman array; The southern half of the curved ruler: eight rows of chariots are arranged side by side in eight holes, eight times in each row, with 2 ~ 4 riders and no disciples after each ride, which is a chariot phalanx; Curved-ruler-shaped middle part: three rows of chariots are arranged with three holes, six times in each row, and there are disciples and cavalry behind the cars, which are mixed armies of cars, steps and riding; Curved-foot north: * * There are three tunnels, each with two chariots, followed by eight cavalry teams, each with four columns, forming a cavalry formation. These four parts are relatively independent and closely related, and they gather all the arms and services in an array.
"No.3 pit"
Coming to the third pit is obviously much smaller than the first pit and the second pit, but I think it is the most intact one. The ground in the pit was paved with bricks at that time, which was very smooth. The warriors stood opposite each other, just like the guards standing on guard now, in order.
Tour guide's explanation: No.3 pit covers an area of 520 square meters and is convex. Unearthed chariots 1 vehicle, 4 war horses and 68 warriors. The place with the word "antlers" may be the place where the emperor sacrificed before going out to war, or it may be the place where he came back to kneel and give thanks. The terracotta figures in the pit are arranged in the corridor. It is said that this is an important place under the command of Qin Jun.
After visiting the Terracotta Warriors, the tour guide said that he would take us to see Mr. Yang Zhifa, the discoverer of the Terracotta Warriors. On the way, the tour guide gave us a brief introduction to the discovery, excavation, restoration and opening of the Terracotta Warriors.
Tour guide's explanation: In the past, it was just a pool of stagnant water, with stones piled up and weeds overgrown. 1974 In March, villagers in xiyang village, Lintong County accidentally discovered the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses while digging a well in the south of the village. At first, the villagers were too timid to report it. Later, Mr. Yang Zhifa went to the local cultural center in a carriage with samples of unearthed cultural relics, which attracted the great attention of the central leadership, and National Cultural Heritage Administration appointed Shaanxi to report it. 1In August, 975, the State Council decided to establish the Terracotta Warriors Museum. During the excavation of pit 1, pits 2 and 3 were excavated in 1976 from April to May due to construction. 19791kloc-0/coincides with the 30th anniversary of the founding of new China, and the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang officially opened for exhibition. No.3 pit of 1989 was opened to the audience after excavation. 1In March, 1994, No.2 pit was officially excavated, and in June of the same year, the archaeological excavation site of No.2 pit was opened to the audience. The Terracotta Warriors Museum covers an area of more than 20 hectares. After nearly 20 years of development, it has become the largest museum of historical sites in China.
When we met the legendary old man, he was bending his head to clean his glasses. There is a huge photo of Clinton meeting him on the back wall, and a desk card that refuses to take a group photo is on the front desk. I look at this elegant old man who is a little less rustic, and I can't help but sigh: the old man who found the Terracotta Warriors and Horses and was awarded 78 cents, the old man who used handprints or circles instead of signatures because he couldn't read, has now become the honorary curator of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum. How difficult it is! I wonder if he has a special sense of pride when he sees the endless stream of tourists? !
Then we drove to the underground palace modeled after the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang. When Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, set fire to Xianyang City and killed the Qin imperial clan, my friends around me couldn't help but say sadly, "This Xiang Yu, without him, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses would be as spectacular as they are now!" Yes, if it weren't for Xiang Yu's greed and revenge, this underground palace would make future generations feel more directly the ambition and prestige of Qin Shihuang at that time.
What we have seen now is quite spectacular, not to mention the historical status quo. Such scenery left a deep impression on me.