In the Southern Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang failed to fight against the Yuan Dynasty. He refused the generous salary from high-ranking officials, was tortured and sacrificed generously.

Poor people in ancient times would rather starve to death than eat the food that came their way.

Wen Yiduo jumped up, and Hengmeinu would rather fall than surrender to the enemy's pistol.

In order to serve the country and love the people, Qu Yuan would not hesitate to drown himself in the river.

Tao Yuanming was extremely poor, but he was unwilling to give up his waist for five buckets of rice.

Gu Yanwu was worried and insisted on resisting the Qing Dynasty.

Zheng Chenggong went through all kinds of hardships and regained Taiwan, greatly boosting Taiwan and its national prestige.

Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and would rather die than receive the "relief food" from the United States.

About Zhu Ziqing not receiving "relief food" from the United States

Wu Han

"Zhu Ziqing is seriously ill and would rather starve to death than receive "relief food" from the United States" ( "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" Volume 4, Page 1499) I feel particularly close and sad about this incident.

It has been more than ten years since I read these words, and the scene at that time is still vivid in my mind. The so-called "relief

food" is this: in June 1948, the legal currency of the Kuomintang government at that time was depreciating all the time like Dajiangdong

xia. Buying a A pack of cigarettes costs tens of thousands of yuan. Professors' salaries are rising every month

but the legal currency is depreciating faster and prices are rising faster. Professors who used to have a relatively good life are facing the same difficulties as the general public at this time. Live on. Especially for people with large families, life is even more difficult. The Kuomintang government also knows the resentment of the people, especially the intellectuals in colleges and universities.

They cannot stand this situation. So they used a trick and issued a purchasing certificate, which allowed them to buy "US-aided flour" at a lower price. At this time, the U.S. government was actively supporting Japan, and U.S. Ambassador to China Leighton Stuart made slanderous and insulting calls to the Chinese people. On the one hand, it is buying things at a low price, on the other hand, it is supporting Japan and insulting the Chinese people.

Some of us discussed it and decided to expose the Kuomintang government's conspiracy, protest against the U.S. government's insult

and issue a public statement.

The statement is as follows:

In order to oppose the U.S. government’s pro-Japanese policy, and to protest against the U.S. Consul General in Shanghai, Robert Cabold, and the U.S. Ambassador to China, Stuart Leighton,

In order to show the dignity and integrity of the Chinese people, we categorically reject all charity materials from the United States that have the nature of buying souls, regardless of whether they are purchased or purchased. given. The following people agree to refuse to buy US-aided affordable flour and unanimously return their shopping certificates. This is hereby stated.

June 17, 1937

The statement was written and signatures were collected. As usual, it was decided that each person would be responsible for contacting you

As for people, most of the older professors are my errands. I took the manuscript to see Mr. Zhu Ziqing

. At that time, he had severe stomach problems and could only eat very little. If he ate more, he would vomit. His face was thin and his voice was deep. He has many children and his life is more difficult than anyone else's.

He has many children. But as soon as he read the manuscript, he immediately signed it without hesitation. He has always written in a regular manner

. This time, he still signed his name meticulously with trembling hands.

At this point, we should also explain that after returning to Tsinghua University from Kunming in 1946, his attitude changed

significantly and he was no longer silent. He opposed the civil war and hated the Kuomintang. His views on the Communist Party also began to change. He once recited poems from the liberated areas at public meetings, and sometimes he even performed yangko and performed yangko in disguise with the students. Got sweaty. I always came to him in the struggle against certain manifestos, telegrams, statements, etc., made by the United States and the Kuomintang. As soon as he saw me, he understood the purpose of my visit and said, "Is it signed?" After reading the manuscript, he wrote his name. As far as I can recall

probably eight or nine times out of ten he signed it. There are also times when I don’t sign because

the words are a little too angry. This time, I also looked for some other professors who were more familiar with me or lived nearby. Most of them signed, but they also encountered difficulties. There was a professor

who only had three children, but his answer was simple: "No! I still want to live!" Zhu Ziqing's stomach disease

was caused by hunger, and his family had a large population , to feed him. In the later years of Kunming, someone calculated the accounts and found that the salary of people like us was only about ten yuan in pre-war silver dollars.

Zhu Ziqing is concerned about politics, but he rarely expresses his opinions. He can be said to be gentle and not

angry.

During the Anti-Japanese War, the news was blocked by the Kuomintang. As for the true situation that the Kuomintang passively resisted Japanese imperialism, but actively rubbed against the Communist Party, setting off several anti-Japanese upsurges,

p>

People in the rear area don’t know. He believes that as long as he resists, he should live a harder life and rarely complain. Although he sympathized with many political activities in Kunming, he rarely participated in them. Arrived

The Kuomintang reactionaries assassinated Wen Yiduo, and he felt great indignation. After he was demobilized and returned to Peking,

his attitude changed when he saw that the U.S. imperialists were helping the Kuomintang to launch a civil war and fight fiercely.

After the U.S. imperialists and their lackeys He stood up in front of the Kuomintang reactionaries, and with very few exceptions, he joined our ranks. There are several things worth mentioning. One is his

efforts in compiling "The Complete Works of Wen Yiduo". I pointed out in the postscript of the complete works:

Mr. Pei Xian is a He has been an old friend and colleague for more than ten years. For this book, he spent

a year collecting the remains, editing and correcting them. A table of contents was drawn up... In a word, without Mr. Peixian's efforts, this collection would not have been edited.

At that time, the act of compiling and printing the complete works of Yiduo was a protest and

condemn against the Kuomintang reactionaries. On the contrary, compared with some people, these people were once classmates or old classmates of Yiduo.

They had friendship for twenty or thirty years, but after Yiduo's death, they never cared about this matter. , and I didn’t write a commemorative text. Another thing is his love for young students. To give an example,

once there was a fight between two students in his department, one from the Democratic Youth League and the other from the Kuomintang

Three Youth League. The reason for the fight was of course political, and both men complained to the teacher.

Mr. Ziqing was afraid that his classmate Minqing would suffer a loss, so he secretly persuaded him to give in. After I learned about this incident, I wrote a letter to express my opinions, asking him to consider who was right and who was wrong politically. I probably used a sharper tone. He came to my house the next day and explained his intentions very seriously

The Spring and Autumn Period blamed the sage, and he said a few words about the progressive students, the purpose was

Protect him from the retaliation of the San Youth League, and at the same time, he agrees that my opinion is correct.

Afterwards, I told my classmate from Minqing about this situation, and this classmate was also very moved. Although he did not express his opposition to the Kuomintang's special rule

out loud, it can be seen from an incident

that I personally encountered. At this time, in order to save the fate of being on the verge of death, the Kuomintang reactionaries strengthened their spy control over colleges and universities. In order to protest, I wrote an academic paper "School in the Early Ming Dynasty", which was about the early Ming Dynasty and criticized the Kuomintang reactionaries, and sent it to the school publication "Journal of Tsinghua University"

< p>Published. Some of the editors of the journal were members of the Kuomintang. Of course they refused to publish it, thinking that it was not an academic article. I talked with Mr. Ziqing, who is also an editorial member of the journal. He wrote to the editor and strongly advocated publication, and finally published this article. From this incident, we can see the changes in his

thoughts and feelings.

Because he has been suffering from stomach problems for a long time, his body is too weak, but he also understands that daybreak is coming,

the dark clouds are about to pass, and good days are coming. He felt gratified and wrote two poems under the glass on his desk: "But the sunset is infinitely beautiful, so there is no need to be melancholy near dusk." This is from the Tang Dynasty. Li Shangyin's poem "The sunset is infinitely beautiful, but it's almost dusk" was used to reverse the verdict. These two lines of poetry express his mood at that time very

Aptly.

On July 23, a symposium on "The Tasks of Intellectuals Today" was held in the Gongzi Hall of Tsinghua University.

This was the last political event he participated in. I personally went to his house to invite him and walked with him from the North Courtyard to the I-shaped Hall. He walked for a while, stopped for a while, and said to me intermittently:

"You are right, we are on the right path. However, people like me are not used to it yet, so we have to

< p>Educate us slowly so that we can keep up with you." He also made a speech during the meeting.

The main point was the same. He said: "The path of intellectuals. There are two kinds: one is accomplices and helpers, climbing up, there are such people in both feudal and capitalist societies, and the other is downward intellectuals. It can be reduced, so it is a class rather than a class.

It is not easy for many intellectuals to abandon their vested interests. Now we can still live a mass life.

I can’t live with it. It’s not that I don’t want to accept it rationally. I know rationally that I should accept it. It’s just that I can’t change my habit.”

Mr. Ziqing knows rationally that he should accept it. He has taken another step forward by putting aside his vested interests and living a life of the masses. This is a big step forward.

He refused to buy US-aid flour. After signing

, the incident was recorded in his diary that day: June 18, this matter required a monthly loss of 6 million French currency,

< p>It had a great impact on my family, but I still decided to sign. Since the rest of the group opposes the United States and supports Japan, they should directly start from themselves.

This shows his determination.

Not only that, the day before his death, he also told his wife: "There is one thing you must remember,

I signed the document rejecting the US aid flour ! "Mr. Ziqing is a typical figure among the intellectuals of the old era. He was once a liberal. He did not like to participate in political activities, especially the more intense and violent ones. A highly combative political activity. However, he has a sense of justice. As the Kuomintang and U.S. imperialism intensify their enslavement and oppression of the Chinese people, and launch armed provocations, massacres, and suppression of the Chinese people, he will, after all, I can't stand it anymore. He spoke and acted.

He expressed his attitude through cultural life, reciting poetry and performing Yangko.

On the other hand, he was determined not to take the middle line, the third way. At that time, someone asked him to participate in "New Road", a middle-line publication run by the Kuomintang. refused. But he attended our symposium despite being ill.

He could distinguish between right and wrong, likes and dislikes. In his declining years, he finally had a clear stand.

He raised his head, straightened his spine, would rather starve to death, and resolutely refused the enemy's attack. "Relief", this kind of morality, this kind of integrity, is worthy of our study today. "We Chinese have backbone. Many people who were once liberals or democratic individualists stood before the U.S. imperialists and their lackeys, the Kuomintang reactionaries. Get up." (Volume 4 of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong", page 1499

) Comrade Mao Zedong praised Wen Yiduo and Zhu Ziqing's integrity and said, "Wen Yiduo should be eulogized.

This article can only be regarded as some memories caused by re-reading "Farewell, Stuart".

That's all.