Note: 1. Read and analyze the written part carefully before continuing. Try to figure out the formula of}: carefully, and understand the center and writing ideas of chapter _ 2. Imagine or associate with Taiwan Province's theory to continue to write a complete article. To prevent you from abandoning the written part provided and imagining it out of thin air. For example, there is a continuation question in the senior high school entrance examination in Yunnan Province: read the following materials. According to the topic and the relevant details mentioned above, the continuation of a narrative and continuation part should not exceed 250 words. This town has changed. At the corner leading to the town, there is an old wooden house. There lived a blind woman, Aunt Zhang, who helped people make a living since she was a child.
One day, with her savings and crutches, she trudged from the bumpy path in front of her house, touched the small wooden bridge, and went to the town to find the owner of the electrical store and asked him to install some street lamps. Boss Chen was surprised and asked, "You can't see it. What are you doing with a street lamp? " Aunt replied: "There were few passers-by before, and I didn't have any spare money at that time. Now there are more and more passers-by, and I have saved some money. In order to facilitate others to walk, please install some street lamps! " Boss Chen was very moved and decided to reduce the price and install street lamps for Aunt Zhang.
The news that the blind man Zhang Man Dayan installed street lamps spread all over the town the next day. Everyone was moved, so ... for example, the first topic of the composition for the senior high school entrance examination in Liaoning Province in 2002 was continuation: read the following materials and write as required. Long, long ago, in a far, far place, there was a big maze in which four guys lived: one was a little mouse named "Sniff", with an open personality. One is a little mouse named "Hurry", which is quick in character and bold in action; One is a dwarf named Hem, who is stubborn, content with the status quo and likes to complain. One is called "Yang Qing", who was timid at first. Four little guys live a carefree and happy life, guarding a delicious cheese mountain stored by someone who doesn't know.
But one morning, they suddenly found that the cheese was gone. Why? What shall we do? The story starts here ... Requirements: 1. Say, "The cheese is gone!" For the beginning, keep writing.
2. Imagination and association should be rich, narrative description should be specific, and plot development should conform to their respective personality characteristics. 3. On the premise of narrative description as the main form of expression, there are no restrictions on styles (such as short stories, stories, fables, fairy tales, plays, etc.). ).
4. Clear and neat handwriting, no less than 600 words. Second, rewriting is a form of writing that changes the genre or part of the content of the provided materials according to specific requirements.
Its essence is to re-conceive, cut, lay out and re-create expression on the premise and basis of raw materials. Pay attention to: 1 when rewriting. There are many kinds of rewriting, which should be rewritten according to the specific requirements of the topic.
On the basis of carefully reading the original text and fully understanding the ideological content of the original text, rewrite it. 2. When rewriting, you can't copy the gourd ladle, but re-process and re-create the original. So you can't copy the original text, you should write it in your own language.
3. Rewriting should be faithful to the basic content and spirit of the original text, and cannot be fabricated at will. The following article is adapted from He's poem "Homecoming Book". Let's see how the author rewrites this poem.
I resigned from my hometown and set foot on my way home in spring. Standing alone in the bow, the green hills on both sides of the strait quickly retreated.
"caged birds love to return to the forest, and fish in the pool return to their source." How many sleepless nights, I stood at the window looking at the moon and missing my hometown; Nowadays, the ethereal shadow of my hometown is already discernible.
After a burst of joy, more melancholy came to my mind ... Looking back 50 years ago, I was ambitious, in the prime of my life, striving for success, traveling around, working hard and tireless. Although my career is successful now, my hair is sparse.
50 years of wind, frost, rain and snow, scenes like smoke and fog, gradually dispersed, I looked up and sighed, feeling dejected. Walk along the familiar field path.
The roadside is lush, bees are dancing around butterflies, and the long-lost smell of earth is coming. I seem to be back to my childhood, a frolicking child, and back to my boyhood when I wrote and pointed out the mountains and rivers. Today, after many searches and treks, I finally returned to my hometown after a long separation.
"Grandpa, where are you from? Whose house are you going to? " The childish voice interrupted my thoughts. A group of lovely village children all asked me with a smile.
I suddenly froze. Faced with doubts and curious questions, I was speechless for a moment.
The children didn't seem to understand what this meant, so they suddenly dispersed with a smile-I was old and decadent, but I was treated as a new guest by my hometown! I recall the people and events of that year and slowly recall the past. Fifty years later, things have changed.
Only the old ginkgo tree in front of the house grows new green, and the lake behind the house is still rippling with the spring breeze. I am deeply moved by this situation: the spring of nature is always there, where can I find the spring of life? There are many ancient poems worth remembering in our textbooks. We might as well pick up a pen and turn these profound ancient poems into beautiful prose.
For example, students can try to write the following topic: Rewrite The Charcoal Man into a short story. Requirements: (l) Make reasonable imagination processing based on the plot of the original poem; (2) The original poem cannot be translated into modern Chinese; (3) The word count is about 600 words.
In recent years, among the composition topics of senior high school entrance examination in various provinces and cities, the composition topics about continuation and rewriting are more common. I hope that students can attach importance to these writing forms in their usual study, practice writing frequently, practice and study in middle school, and constantly improve their narrative writing ability.
2. How to rewrite the article 1? Continuation is to continue to write a paragraph into an article, or to continue the plot of a complete article, that is, to supplement the original content and continue to develop the plot along the original ideas.
Note: 1. Read and analyze the written part carefully before continuing. Try to figure out the formula of}: carefully, and understand the center and writing ideas of chapter _ 2. Imagine or associate with Taiwan Province's theory to continue to write a complete article. To prevent you from abandoning the written part provided and imagining it out of thin air. For example, there is a continuation question in the senior high school entrance examination in Yunnan Province: read the following materials. According to the topic and the relevant details mentioned above, the continuation of a narrative and continuation part should not exceed 250 words. This town has changed. At the corner leading to the town, there is an old wooden house. There lived a blind woman, Aunt Zhang, who helped people make a living since she was a child.
One day, with her savings and crutches, she trudged from the bumpy path in front of her house, touched the small wooden bridge, and went to the town to find the owner of the electrical store and asked him to install some street lamps. Boss Chen was surprised and asked, "You can't see it. What are you doing with a street lamp? " Aunt replied: "There were few passers-by before, and I didn't have any spare money at that time. Now there are more and more passers-by, and I have saved some money. In order to facilitate others to walk, please install some street lamps! " Boss Chen was very moved and decided to reduce the price and install street lamps for Aunt Zhang.
The news that the blind man Zhang Man Dayan installed street lamps spread all over the town the next day. Everyone was moved, so ... for example, the first topic of the composition for the senior high school entrance examination in Liaoning Province in 2002 was continuation: read the following materials and write as required. Long, long ago, in a far, far place, there was a big maze in which four guys lived: one was a little mouse named "Sniff", with an open personality. One is a little mouse named "Hurry", which is quick in character and bold in action; One is a dwarf named Hem, who is stubborn, content with the status quo and likes to complain. One is called "Yang Qing", who was timid at first. Four little guys live a carefree and happy life, guarding a delicious cheese mountain stored by someone who doesn't know.
But one morning, they suddenly found that the cheese was gone. Why? What shall we do? The story starts here ... Requirements: 1. Say, "The cheese is gone!" For the beginning, keep writing.
2. Imagination and association should be rich, narrative description should be specific, and plot development should conform to their respective personality characteristics. 3. On the premise of narrative description as the main form of expression, there are no restrictions on styles (such as short stories, stories, fables, fairy tales, plays, etc.). ).
4. Clear and neat handwriting, no less than 600 words. Second, rewriting is a form of writing that changes the genre or part of the content of the provided materials according to specific requirements.
Its essence is to re-conceive, cut, lay out and re-create the expression form on the premise and basis of raw materials. Pay attention to: 1 when rewriting. There are many kinds of rewriting, which should be rewritten according to the specific requirements of the topic.
On the basis of carefully reading the original text and fully understanding the ideological content of the original text, rewrite it. 2. When rewriting, you can't copy the gourd ladle, but re-process and re-create the original. So you can't copy the original text, you should write it in your own language.
3. Rewriting should be faithful to the basic content and spirit of the original text, and cannot be fabricated at will. The following article is adapted from He's poem "Homecoming Book". Let's see how the author rewrites this poem.
I resigned from my hometown and set foot on my way home in spring. Standing alone in the bow, the green hills on both sides of the strait quickly retreated.
"caged birds love to return to the forest, and fish in the pool return to their source." How many sleepless nights, I stood at the window looking at the moon and missing my hometown; Nowadays, the ethereal shadow of my hometown is already discernible.
After a burst of joy, more melancholy came to my mind ... Looking back 50 years ago, I was ambitious, in the prime of my life, striving for success, traveling around, working hard and tireless. Although my career is successful now, my hair is sparse.
50 years of wind, frost, rain and snow, scenes like smoke and fog, gradually dispersed, I looked up and sighed, feeling dejected. Walk along the familiar field path.
The roadside is lush, bees are dancing around butterflies, and the long-lost smell of earth is coming. I seem to be back to my childhood, a frolicking child, and back to my boyhood when I wrote and pointed out the mountains and rivers. Today, after many searches and treks, I finally returned to my hometown after a long separation.
"Grandpa, where are you from? Whose house are you going to? " The childish voice interrupted my thoughts. A group of lovely village children all asked me with a smile.
I suddenly froze. Faced with doubts and curious questions, I was speechless for a moment.
The children didn't seem to understand what this meant, so they suddenly dispersed with a smile-I was old and decadent, but I was treated as a new guest by my hometown! I recall the people and events of that year and slowly recall the past. Fifty years later, things have changed.
Only the old ginkgo tree in front of the house grows new green, and the lake behind the house is still rippling with the spring breeze. I am deeply moved by this situation: the spring of nature is always there, where can I find the spring of life? There are many ancient poems worth remembering in our textbooks. We might as well pick up a pen and turn these profound ancient poems into beautiful prose.
For example, students can try to write the following topic: Rewrite The Charcoal Man into a short story. Requirements: (l) Make reasonable imagination processing based on the plot of the original poem; (2) The original poem cannot be translated into modern Chinese; (3) The word count is about 600 words.
In recent years, among the composition topics of senior high school entrance examination in various provinces and cities, the composition topics about continuation and rewriting are more common. I hope that students can attach importance to these writing forms in their usual study, practice writing frequently, practice and study in middle school, and constantly improve their narrative writing ability.
3. Composition Guidance for Senior Pupils [Composition Guidance for Senior Pupils] Lecture 4: Expansion, Contraction and Change-Writing in Thinking 1. Learning guidance, expansion, abbreviation, continuation and rewriting are common forms of writing practice in primary schools, which are of positive significance to expanding students' thinking and cultivating their independent writing ability.
These forms of practice are to work hard on expansion, contraction, continuation and word change respectively. Although they have their own characteristics and emphases in writing, the nature and composition steps are almost the same.
First of all, they are all written according to some known materials, not completely independent compositions. Secondly, they must read the known materials, master their basic contents and refine the center.
Third, based on the known materials, we should carry out various associations and imaginations around the center, enrich the characters in the text and weave vivid and interesting stories. Finally, everyone is required to write articles with clear central meaning.
1 extension. Extended writing is to expand the original text into a longer paragraph or article.
Enlarged writing does not change the genre, nor does it change the basic content, central meaning and basic plot of the original text. It just enriches and supplements the original text, just like before, and it is like adding branches and leaves to a big tree. The main ways to expand writing are: (1) The original text is generally short and the content is relatively simple.
The shorter the article, the more attention should be paid to every sentence in order to master its basic content. (2) Determine the expansion point and carry out rich and reasonable imagination.
To determine the extension point, we need to further analyze the original * * *. If the time, place and character of the story, the cause, process and result of the matter; Who are the characters, who are the main characters, what are their characteristics and so on.
After the analysis, look at the shortcomings of the composition and what needs to be enriched and supplemented. These shortcomings are to expand the writing point.
Imagination should be reasonable, which mainly refers to the reasonable communication between people with different identities, ages and personalities. Rationality means that the development process of things should be reasonable.
The reasonable standard is whether it can truly reflect life. Therefore, we should imagine from our own life experiences and experiences, and we can also use the knowledge in books, and we can't take it for granted to make things up.
(3) conceive an outline and start according to it. The expanded outline consists of the original text and the contents of the expanded point. When writing, you should write according to the unfolded outline.
2 abbreviation. Abbreviation is to compress a long article into a short article without changing the writing object, central meaning and writing focus of the original text, just like compressing cookies.
The general steps and methods of abbreviation are: (1) Read the original text carefully and deeply understand the main content and central meaning. (2) Draw up an outline of reservation and deletion around the original center.
(3) compare with the original text, compress according to the outline, seize the branches and leaves, and seize the key to spread the story; Change specific narrative into general narrative, and change detailed description into simple narrative. (4) After the full text is abbreviated, read it together to see whether the sentences are coherent and whether the paragraphs are coherent.
When writing, try to keep the original language accurate, vivid and vivid. 3 continue to write.
Continuation is to write a complete article for a part of the article (beginning, end or central part) as required. Sometimes an article is given, so we can write another continuous article as required, which is a bit like a serial story and a TV series, and it is also a continuation.
Practice writing, pay attention to the following points. (1) Understand the known parts of reading articles (including known articles) and grasp the essence.
This is the preparation before the continuation. The so-called essence refers to the central meaning, basic plot, main characters and characteristics, as well as the relationship between characters and so on.
Some of them are the beginning and the end, so we should grasp the understanding of key words and the direction of continuation, just like the examination before writing a propositional composition. (2) according to the content and requirements of the known part, mobilize life accumulation and expand rich imagination and thinking.
Imaginative thinking has different emphasis because of different contents and requirements. It doesn't take any imagination to add a beginning and an end to the central part. Mainly consider how to add an appropriate beginning and end after mastering the central part to make the article more attractive. In this regard, we can consider several schemes and choose one from them.
Add a central part at the beginning and end. This is based on the beginning and end of the text restrictions, within the prescribed scope, from the selection of materials, materials, centering and other aspects to think, to mobilize their own life accumulation, to determine the specific materials and centers, organize materials.
In this sense, continuation writing is basically the same as proposition writing, but it is more restricted than proposition writing. It is more difficult to write the sequel to the article than to write the central part.
First, we must master the essence of the original text, not just a few requirements. The second is to weave a new plot and conceive a new story on the basis of the original plot, which must be a new combination and development of the characters in the original text.
This requires not only grasping the characteristics of characters, but also imagining new plots and realizing logical development. Of course, this requirement is relatively high. From another point of view, such training will be of great help to improve students' thinking ability, imagination ability and expression ability.
(3) Make a writing outline, but think it over before you start writing. You don't need an outline to add a beginning and an end, but you should think about it before writing.
Writing a central part, writing a sequel, like a proposition composition, should make a writing outline. Writing an outline also plays a role in continuity, because there are many restrictions on continuity. If there is no outline restriction, it is easy to deviate from the subject.
Therefore, making a writing outline is an essential and important step and method to continue writing. In addition, it should be noted that the continued article should be divorced from and contradictory to the original, and the language should be as close as possible, just like one person's writing, and it cannot be made into two skins.
4 rewrite. Rewriting is a form of composition practice according to the genre, person, structure or expression of the original text.
Rewriting is like modifying clothes. You can change your coat into a vest and change your long coat into a short coat. There are several types of rewriting.
(1) Stylistic rewriting: It is common to change poetry into prose and stories into textbook dramas. (2) Personal rewriting: changing the first person into the third person, and vice versa.
(3) rewriting of writing: change the order to.
4. What is the material composition? Unfolded material composition refers to written material composition. That is, the questioner gives a written material and asks to write a composition based on or for this material.
The characteristics of the questions in the material composition are:
(1) The title has written materials.
(2) Candidates are required to write according to the materials, or rewrite the materials, or continue to write materials, or expand the materials, or write a review according to the materials, or write a brief comment on the "phenomena" in the materials, and the examination angles are varied.
(3) There are many forms of "topic", which can be a proposition or a free proposition; It can be semi-propositional or non-propositional (for example, it is required to write to the person who gives the material), in which the most is to give a piece of material and a proposition. There are also propositions based on the reading materials in the middle school papers as the composition materials in the examination room.
The style is relatively simple, or narrative, or argumentative, or explanatory, and the writing requirement of "unlimited style" rarely appears.
Material composition examines the ability of reading and writing. To complete the writing task, candidates have to read, analyze, refine, associate and express. From the examination point of view, it is an excellent question type, because it can avoid teachers and students guessing and betting, and it can make all candidates have evidence to tell, some people discuss and some people feel, so it is an excellent question type, but now it has begun to be ignored.
Material composition writing guidance
First, we must "read":
1 Look at the title. It is necessary to study the topic, define the scope of the exam and understand the writing requirements.
2 reading materials. Understand the content of the material roughly, understand the meaning initially, and be confident. Second, the second is "analysis":
Analysis of reading materials is an essential step, which requires careful chewing, taste, association and refining.
Because "analysis material" is a key part of material composition, the following reading methods can be adopted:
① Discovery method. Mainly used for materials with clear meaning and clear center. The goal of discovery is the central sentence of the material, the hint about the center in the title and the hint about the center in the material. After discovering these contents, we found a breakthrough, and our ideas can be based on this.
Make an idea. Mainly used for materials with a head and no tail or a tail and no head, such as continuation materials. The content of the idea, or the plot reasonably related to the material, or the discussion reasonably related to the material. The process of imagination is the divergence of thinking, so we should pay attention to the rationality of divergence.
③ induction. It is mainly used for one or more materials with clear meaning but no central sentence or prompt sentence. By summarizing its central meaning, the idea has a foothold.
(4) refining. Mainly used to compare materials with opposite meanings. Extract the intention to be expressed in the material from positive and negative contrast, contradictory opposition and right and wrong opposition, and make a basis for conception.
⑤ Extraction method. It is mainly used for multi-stage materials, extracting part of the content needed for the topic from a series of materials that coexist with each other, and cleaning up writing clues accordingly.
6 find a way. Mainly used for figurative, connotative and symbolic materials. Through repeated appreciation and comparison, the metaphorical meaning, philosophy and viewpoints of the materials are evaluated, and then their corresponding opinions are formed.
5. How to write an enlarged composition refers to a form of composition training that expands and develops rough fragments or essays without changing the basic spirit of the original text. Its purpose is to make the main content of the original text more vivid and concrete, and to make the central idea of the original text more vivid and profound.
First, read the original text carefully and grasp the main content. This is the first stage of expansion. At this stage, we can perceive the full text from multiple angles and in all directions by reading independently, listening to the teacher's explanation and consulting the materials related to the original content, so that we can have a comprehensive grasp of the original content and stimulate our interest in writing.
Second, carefully studying the original text and grasping the central idea stage requires us to find out the time, place, people, events and every detail of the article by carefully studying every sentence in the original text, and strive to introduce ourselves into the artistic conception created by the original text and touch our emotions, so as to accurately grasp the central idea of the article, thus providing the main basis for judging where it needs to be unfolded.
Third, according to the central idea, determine the content of expansion. After mastering the main content and central idea of the article, we should focus on the whole of the original text, find out the unclear, not vivid and not specific places in the original text according to the needs of expressing the central idea, ask more "why", "what" and "how", and start from these places to determine the content to be expanded.
Fourth, spread the wings of imagination and enrich the original content. The last stage, which is also the most important step, is to spread the wings of imagination and describe those rough contents and general plots in vivid language according to the needs of the main content and central idea of the article, so as to make the article full of appeal.
6. Fanka continues to write exercise instructions and comments. The next morning, the boss saw Fanka who had not got up yet, and grabbed his hair with his hand and pulled it hard. Fanka woke up screaming.
The boss gave Fanka a hard look. Fanka was afraid and worried. The boss didn't hit him today, but his three meals today were cancelled. With tears in her eyes, Fanka reluctantly began to work. Fanka, who was hungry all day, managed to stay up until the evening. Fanka returned to the aisle and thought, the postman should give the letter to grandpa! It's very cold, and Fanka is shivering with cold, but the thought that she can go back to the village soon makes me feel that the cold wind seems to be smiling and singing. A month passed and Christmas came again. Grandpa didn't come to pick up Fanka. Fanka was beaten by her boss, and her body was covered with numerous whip marks.
That night, Fanka sat in the aisle, aching all over. He heard the cry of the cold wind and wanted to run away. While the boss was asleep, Fanka stole a pair of shoes, a leather coat and dry food in the kitchen.
Fanka put on her leather shoes and ran away overnight. On the way, Fanka ate all the dry food he stole. He advanced against the cold wind. In order to catch up with the time, Fanka only slept for a short time at night and set off immediately.
One day, Fanka seemed to see a group of people watching and laughing somewhere. Curiosity drove Fanka through. He took a closer look and found that this place was the "guillotine". Fanka didn't understand what everyone was laughing at and walked away. The person behind Fanka seems to be shrinking, shrinking, shrinking, and finally turned into a dust.
I don't know how far he has gone. Fanka trembled, her lips were white and her face was purple with cold. There is only one thing in his mind-grandpa's smiling face. I think the happy days in the country will come back soon, and I will return to my grandfather soon. Fanka has a smile on her lips. Fanka fell down in the cold wind singing and seemed to light up in the dark.