1. gaius iulius caesar, Julius Caesar, was an outstanding military commander and politician at the end of Rome.

Caesar was born into a noble family, and served as a treasurer, chief priest, chief justice, consul, inspector and dictator.

In the first 60 years, he secretly formed the first tripartite alliance with Pompeii and crassus, and later became the governor of Gaul. It took him eight years to conquer the whole of Gaul (about today's France), wrote The Battle of Gaul, and attacked Germany and Britain.

In the first 49 years, he led the army to occupy Rome, defeated Pompeii, took power by one person and practiced dictatorship.

Made julian calendar.

44 years ago, Caesar was assassinated by members of the Senate led by Brutu.

Behind Caesar, his nephew and adopted son Octavian defeated Anthony to establish the Roman Empire and became the first imperial emperor.

2. Charlemagne, king of Carolingian Dynasty in Frankish Kingdom and founder of Charlemagne Empire.

Charlemagne is Pippin's son, and Pippin is the founder of Caroline Dynasty in the Frankish Kingdom. During his 46 years in power (768-8 14), he made great efforts to make the Frankish kingdom reach its peak.

After Charlemagne ascended the throne in 768, in order to gain the support of the increasingly influential church among the people, he first allied himself with the Pope and strengthened his ruling power.

At the same time, the foreign expansion policy has been implemented for many years, and more than 50 wars have been launched. Important battles and achievements include: conquering Lombardy in 774, attacking Saxons many times in 772-804, converting them to Christianity and seizing the vast land in the Elbe River basin, sending troops to Spain twice in 787 and 80 1 year, capturing the land north of the Nibro River, establishing the Spanish border area, and occupying Bavaria in 787.

In the 9th century AD, the territory of Charlemagne Empire started from the Elbe River in the east, extended to the Atlantic coast in the west, bordered by the North Sea in the north and the Mediterranean Sea in the south, occupying most of the land in Western Europe, almost equivalent to the territory of the ancient Western Roman Empire.

On Christmas Day in 800 AD, Pope Leo III crowned Charles in St Peter's Cathedral in Rome and anointed him with holy oil, calling him Charlemagne, the "great Roman emperor".

This move is of great significance, which means that Charlie is no longer simply the conqueror, the king of the Germanic barbarian country, but the Germanic-Roman emperor, and he is the legal heir of the Roman emperor recognized by God; Charlemagne's mission is no longer simply to manage the Germanic countries, but to manage the whole Christian world in Western Europe, including religious affairs.

Therefore, the international status of Charlemagne Empire has been improved unprecedentedly. Scotland and Abbasid Dynasty, a non-Christian country in the East, established diplomatic relations with Charlemagne Empire, and even the Eastern Roman Empire recognized Charlemagne's status as emperor.

After Charles proclaimed himself emperor, he tried his best to strengthen centralized rule.

In order to strengthen the effective rule of a huge country, Charles appointed nobles and bishops to rule, while continuing to implement the fief system.

All imperial officials and bishops (including abbots) generally got fiefs from the emperor, that is, fiefs, and became vassals of the emperor. At the same time, as a condition of accepting the fief, they all swore allegiance to the emperor.

In addition to the Council composed of the emperor's cronies, the imperial central government also held an aristocratic meeting once or twice a year to discuss major central decisions.

In order to manage landlords, the central government often sends governors' envoys to supervise local governments.

There are several earl districts in the local area, and the emperor appoints earl or bishop to rule. Earls have administrative, judicial, tax and military powers.

A series of feudal hierarchical systems were formed, which were inherited by later feudal societies in western Europe.

Later, these earl and bishops gradually became local separatist forces.

The basic form of production organization in Charlemagne Empire was feudal manor.

The king, his adjutant and secular feudal nobles have many manors distributed all over the country.

Manor is a self-sufficient natural economic production unit. All production mainly provides subsistence for lords and their servants, and secondly provides limited production and subsistence for producers.

Most of the producers engaged in agriculture and handicrafts in the manor are serfs or dependent farmers.

The land of the manor is generally divided into two parts: the best land is the owner's own land and the other part is the farmer's land.

The Lord serves the peasants on his own, usually for 2-3 days a week, up to 4 days, and all the harvest belongs to the Lord.

In addition to farming for the Lord free of charge, the farmers in service have to undertake all kinds of chores such as chopping wood, building roads, repairing houses and carrying.

In addition, farmers must also pay all kinds of physical objects and various other fees to the lords.

The tithe of the church is also a heavy burden for farmers.

Due to the cruel exploitation of feudal lords, the situation of farmers was extremely difficult, so peasant uprisings often broke out.

Charlemagne was a very successful monarch. He is not only famous for his literature and martial arts, but also attaches importance to the development of cultural and educational undertakings.

He founded a school and invited famous scholars to give lectures.

Collect and copy ancient Latin and Greek manuscripts. The copied characters are the so-called Caroline cursive characters, which are exquisite and beautiful Latin letters. Later, it was slightly modified and has been used ever since.

The monastery has set up a library to collect the works of the godfather and the works of ancient Greek and Roman writers.

Charlemagne also invited the best architects, sculptors and painters in Europe to build monasteries and churches for the empire.

Charlemagne's cultural and educational policies have made positive contributions to the restoration of classical civilization and the improvement of German cultural level. His cultural achievements during his reign were praised as "Carolingian Renaissance" by later generations.

The combination of secular regime and church is an important feature of Charlemagne regime.

Strengthening the alliance with the church is one of the important reasons for Charlemagne's success.

Charlemagne tried his best to safeguard and improve the rights and interests of the Roman church as a protector of the church.

Every time he conquered a place, he strengthened the Christian power, such as forcing the Saxons to convert to Christianity after the conquest.

We not only reuse bishops and abbots, enfeoffment their land, let them participate in state power, but also try our best to maintain the papal dominance.

In 795, Pope Leo III conspired to ascend to the throne, which was opposed by some big noble in Rome.

Leo sent messengers to the Frankish kingdom to ask Charlemagne for help, and presented him with the key to Peter's hall and the flag of Rome as a sign of obedience and loyalty, thus winning Charlie's support and keeping his position.

In April 799, Leo III was deposed by the Roman nobility and fled Rome alone.

In 800, Charlemagne rescued Leo III and personally sent him back to Rome to help him reset.

So this Christmas, grateful Leo III crowned Charlie and awarded him the title of "Great Roman Emperor".

From then on, the Frankish Kingdom became Charlemagne Empire.

The rule of Charlemagne made great contributions to the establishment and development of the new feudal system in Europe, and had a great influence on the later feudal society in Western Europe.

However, due to the dominant natural economy at that time, there was a lack of economic and cultural ties within the empire, and the foundation was very weak; Therefore, although Charlemagne's will to implement fiefs was to strengthen centralized rule, it led to feudal separatism.

Therefore, shortly after the death of Charlemagne, the empire split.

In 843, Charlie's three grandsons signed the treaty of verdun to carve up the empire, which formed the embryonic form of German, French and Italian.

3. Peter the Great was born in Moscow on June 9th, 672, and died on February 8th, 725.

He is the only son of Tsar alexei mikhailovich and his second wife, Vitaliya Nalis Jinna.

Peter's father died before he was four years old.

Because mikhailovich's first wife also gave birth to 13 children for him, a long life-and-death struggle was launched on the issue of the heir to the throne.

Once he had to run away to save his life.

Sister Sophia alekseev served as Regent for several years before 1689 abdicated.

Peter's position is really solid.

Peter is extraordinary in appearance, 205cm tall, burly and the tallest emperor in the world.

Energetic, chic and cheerful.

But he often loses his temper, and when he drinks too much, he flies into a rage.

In addition to his political and military talents, Peter has also done research in shooting, printing, sailing and shipbuilding.

He was an outstanding emperor, contemporary with Emperor Kangxi of China.

Kangxi was born in 1654 and died in 1722. He is 18 years older than Peter. Peter has been married twice.

He married Odokia at the age of 17, and they only lived together for a week.

He sent her to a monastery when he was 26.

17 12 He divorced her and married another woman.

His second wife, yekaterina, was a Lithuanian woman of humble origin (she was captured by Russia in the Northern War and came to Russia).

Peter and his original wife have a son named Alexei, who is ignorant all day long, but the relationship between father and son has also deteriorated to a considerable extent. He once fled abroad.

17 18 Alexei was arrested and imprisoned for opposing Peter and collaborating with the enemy. He was tortured and finally died in prison.

Peter the Great was energetic, enthusiastic about the well-being of Russia, and devoted his life to the development of Russia.

1725 died in St. Petersburg at the age of 52 (Kangxi was 69).

His successor is his daughter Catherine I.

The above three people are recognized, and their titles of the Great have also replaced their names or honorifics. The following are some historical records of China that are not generally regarded as the great emperor. In the following, it is only called Dai Zun, except Sun Quan of the Sun Wu regime in the Three Kingdoms period, which is also called the Great.

For reference only:

Emperor Zulong, namely Qin Shihuang Zhao Zheng.

Gao Han, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang.

Liu Heng, emperor of China and Emperor Taizong of Han Dynasty.

Emperor Hanwu, namely Liu Che, sejong of the Han Dynasty.

Liu Xun, Emperor Xuandi of Han Dynasty, and Zong Xiaoxuan of Hanzhong.

Emperor Guangwu, namely Liu Xiu, was the ancestor of the Han Dynasty.

Wei Wu the Great, namely Wei Taizu Cao Cao.

Great, that is, Sun Quan, the great ancestor Wu.

Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, namely Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty.

Yang Di (the most controversial), namely Yang Guang, the ancestor of the Sui Dynasty.

Emperor Zhenguan, namely Emperor Taizong Li Shimin.

Song Zudida, Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu

Emperor Hongwu, namely Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of Ming Dynasty.

Yongle the Great, namely Judy, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

Emperor Xuande, namely Zhu Zhanji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty.

I. Asian region

Mongolia (including the Turkic Timur Empire and the successor dynasty of the Chagatai khanate)

Genghis Khan-Mongolian Khan, the monarch who established the khanate.

Big wokuotai-Mongolian Khan, the monarch who expanded the khanate.

Kublai Khan, the great Mongolian Khan/emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, established the monarch of this empire.

Timur the Great, the Amir of the Timur Dynasty, founded the Turkic Mongols of the Second Mongolian Empire (Central Asians still regard it as the Mongolian Empire, not the Turkic Empire as Europeans think).

Manchuria

Emperor Kangxi-Manchu Emperor in its heyday

Emperor Qianlong-another Manchu emperor

Nurhachi, Huang Taiji, Shunzhi and Yongzheng in Manchuria are all called the Great.

Japan

Emperor Meiji-also known as Emperor Mu Ren, Emperor of Japan, the monarch who really brought Japan into the empire.

India

Ashoka, the great king of the peacock dynasty, was the monarch who established the status of Buddhism.

Mohammed, the Grand Sultan of Tugra Dynasty, was the monarch of Delhi Sultanate in its heyday.

Babur the Great-Mughal Emperor, or Mughal Emperor, established the monarch of the dynasty.

Akbar the Great-the Mughal emperor and the monarch in his heyday.

Siam

King Ranganheng the Great of Sukhothai Dynasty created the King of Thai Characters.

Nari Xuan the Great, King of Dacheng Dynasty (Ayutthaya Dynasty), resisted the invasion of Myanmar and was the monarch in his heyday.

Daxin Emperor-annexed King Zheng Xin of Wu Li Dynasty, or annexed Emperor Wu Li to establish a dynasty monarch.

Rama the Great-King Rama I of Bangkok Dynasty (Chakri Dynasty), the monarch who established the dynasty.

Rama IV, the great king of Bangkok dynasty (Chakri dynasty), was the reformed monarch.

King Rama V of Bangkok Dynasty (Chakri Dynasty) and Emperor Chulalongkorn were still a sovereign and independent monarch under the invasion of colonists.

Bhumibol the Great-Rama IX, King of Bangkok Dynasty (Chakri Dynasty), the current king, was honored as the Great by the people in 1987.

Persia

Cyrus the great, Cyrus II of Achaemenid Dynasty, established the monarch of this dynasty.

Darius was Darius I, the great king of Achemane, and the monarch in his heyday.

Xerxes the Great, King Xerxes I of Achaemenid Dynasty, was a loser who went to Greece, but he was a hero in Iranian history who resisted the Greek invasion.

Khosrau I Anushirvan, the king of Sassanian dynasty, the great Hosru, made this dynasty go to feudal society.

Abbasid the Great-King Abbasid I of Safi Dynasty, the monarch in his heyday.

Babylon

Hammurabi the Great, the king of the first dynasty of Babylon (Hammurabi dynasty), became the monarch of the code of the same name.

Seliuc

Antioch III, the great king of Seleucia, was the monarch in his heyday.

Armenia

TigranusIIMagnus, king Tigran II of the great Armenian kingdom of Altak, captured and lost the monarch of Seleucu.

Arabian

Umar, the great caliph during the four caliphs, was an expanding monarch.

Saladin, the great sultan of Ayub dynasty, defeated the monarch of the Crusaders.

turkey

Suleiman I-Sultan Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire, the monarch in his heyday.

Bendu

Mithradatus VI, the great king of Mithradatus, controlled the PK monarchs in Greece and Rome.

Oman

Said the Great-Said bin Sultan of the said dynasty (Sultanate of Muscat), a half-blood emperor of a small country.

Second, Europe.

Rome

Pompeii the Great-Rome is in power, a loser who has no chance to control the whole situation.

Julius Caesar-the Roman Republic ruled for life, a monarch who did not claim to be emperor.

Augustus the Great, Emperor Octavian of julius Claudius, established the first real empire in the West.

Trajan, the emperor of Antony dynasty, was an expanding monarch.

Constantine the Great-Constantine I, the emperor of Constantine dynasty, the monarch who restored the glory of the empire.

The Western Emperor of Diodor-Theodosius I, the Western Emperor of Diodor, was the unified monarch after the empire, and his two sons completely divided the empire into two parts.

Byzantium

Justinian the Great-Justinian I of Justinian Dynasty, a monarch who almost restored the old territory of the Roman Empire.

Julius Caesar of Rome

Basil the Great-Macedonian Emperor basil I, the monarch in the heyday of the Eastern Roman Empire.

Holy Roman Empire (including the founder Charlemagne Empire)

Charlemagne, the emperor of Caroline Dynasty, established an imperial monarch in Western Europe.

Otto the Great, the emperor of Saxony, regained the crown that the princes had been fighting for for for more than 100 years and restored the monarchy of the empire.

Barbarossa the Great-Frederick I, the emperor of Hohenstaufen dynasty, a loser who hoped to restore the glory of the empire.

France

King Hugue II, the great king of Cape Dynasty, was a puzzling emperor, and there may be translation problems, because * * * died during the reign of the king, and he was generally not a king.

Henry the Great-King Henry IV of Bourbon dynasty, founder of the dynasty and monarch who laid the foundation for the revival of France.

Louis XIV, king of France, is known as the "sun king" and has a huge colonial monarch.

Napoleon the Great, the French emperor Napoleon I, almost unified the monarchs of Europe.

Prussia

Frederick II of the Hohensolen dynasty in frederick the great, the monarch laid a solid foundation for Prussia.

William the Great, the emperor of Hohensolen Dynasty, was the monarch who established the Second Empire.

Spain

Alfonso's great king Leon Alfonso III, the expanding monarch.

The great King Navarra, King Castilla and Sancho, Earl of Aragon, unified the Spanish monarch for the first time and won the title of "King of Spain".

Fernando I, the great king of Leon Castilla, once called himself emperor.

Britain, England

King Alfred the Great of Wechs defeated the Vikings and defended the people's monarch.

King William I William of England, known as "the conqueror", seized the British throne of Normandy.

Portugal

Joao the Great-King Joao I of the Avish Dynasty, the founder of the dynasty, opened up the monarch of the great voyage.

Russia

Ivan the Great-Ivan IV, archduke/czar of glazed tile dynasty, the first Russian monarch known as czar, was the beginning of Russian power.

Peter I, the czar/emperor of Romanov Dynasty, formally established the monarchy status of Russian Empire.

Catherine the Great-Catherine II, the queen of Romanov Dynasty, the expanding monarch.

Bulgaria

Simon the Great, the first czar of Bulgaria, Simon I, was recognized by Byzantium as the emperor's monarch.

Hungarian nationality

Known as the "whip of God", the Great Hungarian Khan Attila was the instigator of Europe's entry into the dark age.

viking

Knut the Great, king of England, Denmark and Norway, whose ruling area is called "North Sea Empire", was the last great king of the Vikings.

Gothic

Theodoric is the great king of the Eastern Gothic Kingdom, the regent of the Western Gothic Kingdom, and the monarch who founded the kingdom.

Greece (including Macedonia)

Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, was later honored as the monarch of the empire and created a vast territory.

Sweden

Gustav the Great-Vassar King Gustav Adolphus, the monarch who marched into Central Europe.

Hungary

Bella the Great-Four. Bella, the king of Arpad Dynasty, was the monarch who restored the country after being ravaged by Mongols.

Lajos I, King of the Anjou Dynasty, Ludvik I, King of the Polish Anjou Dynasty, and an expanding monarch.

Poland

Pohris Val I, the grand duke/king of the pianist dynasty, was crowned king by the Pope.

Casimir III, King of the Pianist Dynasty, is another man who joined the ranks of great men from scratch.

Lithuania

Vitotas the Great-the Grand Duke of Lithuania, the monarch who accepted Christianity.

Papal state (the pope is equivalent to the emperor of other countries)

Leo the Great-Pope Leo I, the Pope who told Attila to leave Rome.

Gregory the Great-Pope Gregory I, the real founder of the papal state.

Nicholas-Pope Nicholas I, the pope who pulled the Carolingian dynasty out of Rome.

John Paul the Great-Pope John Paul II, a former pope who just hung up for a few years, probably got a big title because of flattery.

Three. African region

Egypt

Ramses the Great-Pharaoh Ramses II of the 19 dynasty, a figure who boasted and succeeded in becoming the great.

Carthage

Hanno the Great-navigator, navigator who established colonies in Morocco.

Hannibal the Great, who made an expedition to Rome, was regarded as the father of strategy by the West.

Sang Hai

Ali the Great-the Sony Dynasty, the monarch of the founder of the Sanghai Empire.

Ascui Ya Da-Ascui Ya Dynasty, the expanding monarch.

Four. America and Oceania

Maya

Bagal the Great-Bagar II, the leader of palenque city-state, was the monarch in its heyday.

Hawaii

Kamehameha the Great-Kamehameha I, King of Kamehameha Dynasty (Kamihaha Dynasty), the monarch who founded the kingdom.