In Manchurian history, during the Bohai Kingdom and the Great Jin Kingdom, the surname and first name were read together. However, there are historical records from the Qing Dynasty where Manchus only wrote their first names, not their surnames. This is the Manchu custom of calling people by their first names but not their surnames. Some people say that they learned Mongolian customs because they were ruled by Mongolia since the Yuan Dynasty.
Folklore itself is an unrecorded matter. As long as it makes sense, it is considered a theory.
Another thing is that after the fall of the Jin Dynasty, in order to avoid persecution, the Jurchens no longer mentioned their surnames, but only their first names. But the surname is still passed down internally. Our article is about that period of history when the ancient Manchus had to remain anonymous and did not dare to give out their surnames.
Almost all the genealogies and legends of the major families in Manchuria begin at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Including the Qing royal family who was promoted to the sixth generation ancestor Meng brother Timur, it was also the late Yuan period. Even Manchu legends and myths, including many Manchu epics compiled in recent years, do not seem to include the period from the death of the Jin Dynasty to the end of the Yuan Dynasty. But there are myths and legends about the Kingdom of Jin, the Kingdom of Bohai, and even earlier ones. Why is there a period of dating?
The Fucha family originated in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang, which is the northeastern part of Manchuria. Historically, it can be traced back to the Fucha tribe of Heishui Mohe during the Bohai Kingdom period. Jurchen surnames are divided into white and black, and the Fucha family belongs to the black. The Jin Dynasty records the Fucha clan as the Pucha clan, which is due to the different Chinese characters chosen for transliteration. It is now found that historical materials from the Song Dynasty of the same period record Fucha. Historical books with the word "Fucha" in them include: "Xu Zi Zhi Tong Jian", "Twenty-two Notes", "Shu Yuan Ji Lu", "Three Dynasties Bei League Huibian", "Song Dynasty and Eighteen Dynasties Romance", "Song Dynasty Palace History", "Song History" "Full Text", "The Romance of Song Dynasty", etc.
Although the Fucha family developed historically, they continued to migrate southward and lived on the Manchurian Plain. At that time, living conditions were harsh. In order to adapt to survival, each member of the Fucha family became very strong and capable of fighting. The Wanyan clan gradually grew stronger and established a Jurchen Alliance country, which was the predecessor of the Jin Kingdom. The Fucha clan also joined the Jurchen Alliance headed by the Wanyan clan.
In the Jin Kingdom, in the ranking of the major Jurchen families, apart from the Wanyan family, the first place was the Tudan family, and the second place was the Pucha family (i.e. the Fucha family). However, in the records of the Jin family, the Pucha family ranked third, and after the Tushan family, the Tang Kuo family was the first. Because Wanyan Aguda's grandmother was Tang Kuo, this old grandmother gave birth to five sons, four of whom served as leaders of the Jurchen Alliance headed by Guo Wanyan.
The Tang Kuo clan was relatively powerful in the early stages of Jurchen development. The marriages of the Jin royal family were all political marriages, which were only marriages between families with major surnames such as Jurchen, making these powerful families loyal to the Wanyan royal family. The Fucha family was also a very powerful family, so there were many queens throughout the Jin Dynasty.
According to Jin historical records, Jin Taizu Wanyan Aguda, the founder of the Jin Kingdom, would always ask for instructions from the Pucha clan (the Pucha clan later became the Fucha clan in Manchuria) before sending out troops. When you first read history books, you may think that this Pucha family is the Queen Mother, the mother of Jin Taizu, but if you look closely, you find that she is his fourth aunt.
Why is the status of his fourth aunt so high? This is because the Jurchen brothers have descended from each other, including his younger brother Jin Taizong who succeeded Jin Taizu after his death. Before Jin Taizu, the leader of the alliance headed by Wanyan Guo was Jin Taizu's fourth uncle. His fourth uncle had a keen eye for people and passed the leadership position of the alliance to his brother's son and nephew Jin Taizu. Therefore, Jin Taizu respected his fourth aunt very much. Of course, his fourth aunt was by no means as lacking in opinions as the Empress Dowager Longyu. She was also a politician and military strategist with visionary and political and military talents. She would definitely give Wanyan Agu good advice, which made Jin Taizu admire his fourth aunt very much. As for every time I go to the army, I listen to my fourth aunt's opinion.
Precisely because the Fucha family has been very powerful since Wanyan Aguda, the founder of the Jin Empire, was officially established. In the early days of the Jin Empire, when they conquered the powerful Daliao, the Fucha family also took the lead and played a huge role.
During the Jin Shizong period, the heyday of the Jin Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty violated the peace treaty between the Jin and Song Dynasties and began the so-called Northern Expedition. It was the general of the Fucha family, basically similar to Fu Hengfu Kang'an of the Qing Dynasty, who became the mainstay of the Jin Dynasty's military and defeated the Northern Expedition in the south.
Jin Shizong is called Xiao Yao and Shun in history books, which is equivalent to Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. At that time, the Kingdom of Jin reached its peak. The territory he managed was also the largest during the Jin Dynasty. He issued a series of policies to protect and inherit the traditional language and culture of the Jurchen people.
His only mistake was to learn from ***. The eldest son succession did not continue the Manchu tradition of establishing worthy persons. In the absence of the eldest son, the eldest grandson was appointed to succeed Jin Zhangzong.
The Jin royal family stipulated that they could only marry into several major Jurchen families, but Jin Zhangzong violated this ancestral precept. After the death of his original wife, Queen Pucha, he fell in love with Li Shier.
Li Shier is a native of Xin'an County, Xiongan New Area today, and is of Han nationality. Because of his family's crimes, he was fined and confiscated as official slaves, so Li Shier entered the palace as a maid. Because the Jurchens attach great importance to education, they have specialized teachers to hold education and training classes for the palace maids. However, the teacher and the palace maids take classes apart from each other, so Li Shier is smart and learns best. The teacher reported to Zhang Zong that the girl with the clearest voice was the smartest. The eunuch also praised Master Li for being beautiful and charming. So Zhang Zong met Li Shi'er and was indeed fascinated by this Han palace maid. He actually wanted to establish a queen, but the important ministers firmly opposed it. Zhang Zong compromised and established Yuan Fei, which was actually a queen. And used the criminal Li Shier's father, brother and younger brother. Originally, the imperial court was presided over by the major Jurchen families, and villains could not enter. The Li Shier family controlled the government, and the villain had an opportunity to flatter him. A large number of prostitutes entered the court, which chilled the major Jurchen families, and the Kingdom of Jin declined since then.