First of all, music
In the colorful music world, there are all kinds of voices. Some of these sounds sound slender, while others sound rough. Some look soft, others look deep. It can really be said that it is varied and varied. Music is the art of sound.
According to the law of sound production, we can divide sound into two categories: one is called music, and the other is called noise. Music has a fixed pitch and is harmonious and pleasing to the ear. The sounds made by piano, electronic organ, violin, erhu and other musical instruments belong to the music when people sing. The music world is mainly composed of musical sounds.
Second, the name roll call
In order to address the tones used in music, people use seven English letters. The arrangement of these seven letters begins with c, followed by CDEFGAB, which is called the phonetic name. When singing, we use do, re, mi, fa, sol, la and si to sing the sounds on the score, which is called roll call. The sound name and the volume name are not only related, but also have different uses, so we should pay more attention to them when using them in different occasions.
There is a specific mode in Chinese folk music, that is, the pentatonic mode. The pentatonic modes are: Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu.
Third, the basic sound level
Cycling the seven names of CDEFGAB, these sounds with seven names are the basic level.
Fourth, the whole tone is semitone.
The smallest pitch distance between tones is called semitone, and two semitones form a whole tone. In notation, 7, 1, 3 and 4 are semitones.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) notes
The symbols indicating the length of sound in the music score are called notes, which are represented by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 in notation.
Common notes in music are: whole notes. Like 5-. Binary notes like 5-. Quarter notes, such as 5. An eighth note, such as 5. Sixteenth notes are like 5.
The relationship between notes is the same as the name: whole note =2 half notes =4 quarter notes =8 eighth notes = 16 sixteenth notes.
Sixth, rest
The sound in music doesn't stop all the time. Sometimes there will be a pause and a silent time. At this time, it will be expressed by another symbol-rest. The names of the rest are similar to the names of notes, and are represented by 0 in notation. Commonly used are: 0000 full holidays. 00 at two o'clock, 0 at four o'clock, 0 at eight o'clock and 0 at sixteen o'clock. The length of a full rest is equivalent to a full note. The length of a binary rest is equivalent to a binary note, and so on.
Seven, dot notes.
Some notes need to be extended for a period of time. When recording music, a point will be placed to the right of this note, which is called the attachment point. This note is also called dot note. Dots increase the duration of the original notes by half. Commonly used dotted notes are: dotted quarter notes, dotted eighth notes and so on.
Eight, take a rest
Knowing what a dot note is, you will know what an additional rest is, and the additional rest will also increase the duration of the original rest by half.
Nine, the extension number of the sustain line
In order to prolong the time of a sound, there are two other ways besides using suffix. One way is to connect several sounds with the same pitch with sustain lines, and when playing, these sounds add up to form one sound. Such as: 5-∣ 5-.
Another method is to add an expansion symbol above the notes. The extended part looks like an eye, which means that you can freely extend the time of this sound as needed. Extensions can also be used on rests.
Ten, change the sound level
In addition to the seven basic levels in music, there are many tones that raise or lower the basic level, which are called tone sandhi. When reading tone sandhi, you should read the word "up" or "down", such as up 4 and down 5.
In order to distinguish it from tone sandhi, the basic tone is also called the standard tone.
Eleven, tone sandhi mark
Symbols that raise, lower or return to the basic tone level are called diacritical marks. There are five phonetic symbols * * * used in notation:
A semitone sign # indicates that the basic tone level has been raised by a semitone. Its shape is somewhat similar to the inclined Chinese character "Jing".
B-flat means that the basic tone level is reduced by a semitone. Its shape is somewhat similar to the English lowercase letter B.
The double-rising symbol x means to raise the basic tone level by a whole tone. It is shaped like a fork.
The heavy drop mark bb indicates that the basic tone level has been reduced by an overall tone. It consists of two plane signs.
Minus sign means to lower the tone that has been raised or lowered to the basic level, that is, to the standard tone. So the minus sign can also be called the standard sign.
When reading the tone sandhi of rising or falling again, you should also read the words' rising again' or' falling again'. For example,' heavy rise 1',' heavy fall 6' and so on.
Twelve. Tone symbol
When we open the score, we can see the words 1=D or 1=G, which is key signature in notation. 1=D means that the tune is d, that is, 1 is d.
Thirteen. Temporary marking
The diacritical marks are written directly in front of the notes. This phonetic symbol is called a temporary symbol. The temporary marker only applies to the same sound as the pronunciation marker, and is limited to one bar. After that, they lose their function.
Fourteen rhythm
In the music world, the sound not only ups and downs, but also varies in length, forming a priority effect. People always call the relationship between the length of sound and the specific intensity rhythm.
In life, many things will be exercised regularly. For example, the ups and downs of our breathing, the swing of the clock, and the rolling of the wheels when the train is running. So the word rhythm is also widely used in fields other than music.
Fifteen, the beat
When we speak, we often emphasize some words. The same is true in music. Some sounds will be stronger than others, forming stress. Moreover, the appearance of stress in music has certain regularity, and it is often repeated regularly. Strong and weak sounds appear alternately regularly to form a beat.
Rhythm and beat are two different concepts, but they are closely related. Some people compare rhythm to the "skeleton" of melody, while beat to the "pulse" of melody. Can you understand this metaphor?
Sixteen, section line termination line
According to the law of alternating strong and weak sounds, music can be divided into parts with the same length. The part from one strong note to the next is called a bar. The bar is divided by a straight short line, called bar line, which is always in front of the strong sound of the bar. At the end of a paragraph or the whole piece of music, it must be represented by two straight lines side by side, which is called the termination line. When you write, you must also make the line on the right thicker. Ok, now please look at the scores. Is the ending line at the end of music thin or thick?
Seventeen, time signature
When it comes to the time signature, everyone is no stranger, because if you don't see the time signature first, you will definitely have a mess. In music, the unit that constitutes the beat is called "beat", and the word "beat" is used to indicate the type of bar length. Several beats in the bar are called several beats. Time symbol is a symbol used to represent the beat. It is represented by two Arabic numerals, the upper number indicates how many beats there are in a bar, and the lower number indicates which note is used as a beat. The time signature is written at the beginning of the score, just behind key signature.
The order of these two marks is: key signature first, then numbering. Generally, only one time signature is written, unless the time signature is changed halfway.
How to pronounce the time signature? The general reading method is from top to bottom. This reading method first determines that this is a piece of music with several beats. But the bottom-up reading you often hear is also acceptable. But be careful not to read the time signature as a fraction of a beat, because the time signature is not a fraction of mathematics.
Eighteen, single beat and complex beat mixed beat.
In the bar, the stressed unit beat is called strong beat, and the unstressed unit beat is called weak beat. In the following articles, they are marked with ● χ respectively.
A bar has only one strong beat, which is called a single beat. What is a single shot? There are two kinds of single beat: one is double beat, and its strength law is one strong and one weak (● χ). The other is three beats, and the law of strength and weakness is weak (●○○).
When several identical single shots are put together, it becomes a double shot. In the remake, except the first beat is a strong beat, all other stresses are called the second strong beat, which means slightly stronger. Duplex beats include: four beats, strong and weak, sub-strong and weak (● ○), six beats, strong and weak, sub-strong and weak (● ○ ○).
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Guqin learning method:
First, peace of mind:
Amateur piano learning should keep a peaceful mind, and should not be eager for success or hot and cold. You must devote yourself to what you are determined to do. You can't fish for three days and dry the net for two days. Only by perseverance can a drop of water wear away the stone.
Second, multi-channel absorption of information that is helpful for learning:
Try to collect all the materials that are helpful to your study, including textbooks and tapes, so as to broaden your knowledge and horizons.
Watch and learn through radio, television, concerts and other channels. For example, sometimes playing guqin music on TV, even if you learn a fingering from it, or know how a place is played, you will get benefits.
Communicate with others more. Including piano learners, other musicians and non-musicians. They either teach you to play the piano, or teach you music theory, or give you some useful opinions and suggestions, which are indispensable for learning the piano.
Third, think more and pay attention to learning methods:
Break the goal into small pieces: for example, learn a piano piece and see if you can handle it. Then listen to its melody and learn (sentence by sentence) in sections. Divide the monthly goals into weekly goals and daily goals, and complete them one by one.
Record your performance and listen: the process of playing is an improvement. Let friends and relatives listen to their own performances, on the one hand, enhance their confidence in learning, on the other hand, as listeners, it is often the easiest to find shortcomings.
Flexible learning: obey the rules, but don't be too bound by them. Each fingering needs to be analyzed by itself and treated according to the needs of music and personal proficiency.
Fully understand the artistic conception of music: for example, the piano piece "Three Lane of Plum Blossoms". Music depicts the noble character of plum blossom, which is proud of snow and aloof, and is not afraid of cold. In the play, kneading, pressing, playing and harmony are its bones. You can also mobilize other factors to help you understand, such as Chinese painting, books, photography and dance about plum blossoms; Yongmei's poems in Tang poetry and so on.
Improve your sense of music: Music can't be achieved in one step in a short time, so you should practice more at ordinary times. For example, do more tuning of guqin yourself; Sing more music, record music, etc.
Improve your comprehensive quality: As the saying goes, "Kung Fu is outside the piano". Literature, painting, history, personal experience and other factors will have an impact on the understanding and performance style of music.
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