Chapter 1 Introduction to Advanced BGP 3

1. 1 Understand the characteristics of BGP 3.

1. 1. 1 reliability3

1. 1.2 stability 4

1. 1.3 Scalability 5

1. 1.4 Flexibility 5

Comparison between 1.2 BGP and IGP 7

Chapter 2 understands the building blocks of BGP 9.

2. 1 Compare control layer and forwarding layer 9

2.2 BGP process and memory usage 10

2.3 BGP path attribute 12

2.3. 1 origin 13

2.3.2 AS_PATH 13

2.3.3 Next hop 13

2.3.4 Multi-export CD 14

2.3.5 local _PREF 14

2.3.6 Community 15

2.3.7 Sponsor _ID 15

2.3.8 Cluster list 16

2.4 understanding internal BGP 16

2.5 Path Decision Process 18

2.6 functions 2.6 BGP 20

2.7 BGP-IGP routing exchange 23

2.8 Routing Information Base 24

2.9 Exchange routes 25

2.9. 1 process exchange 25

2.9.2 Cache-based switching 26

2.9.3 Cisco Express Forwarding 29

2.9.4 Comparison of exchange mechanisms

2. 10 case study: BGP memory usage evaluation 37

2. 10. 1 method 37

2. 10.2 Evaluation Formula 39

2. 10.3 analysis 43

2. 1 1 Summary 45

Chapter 3 Adjusting BGP Performance 47

3. Adjustment of1BGP convergence 47

3. 1. 1 Notes on TCP 49

3. 1.2 queue optimization 5 1

3. 1.3 BGP updates the 57th generation.

3. 1.4 Interdependence of performance optimization 63

3.2 Characteristics of BGP network performance 63

Mitigating the impact of network failures 64

3.2.2 Optimized prefix update 69

3.3 Case Study: BGP Convergence Test 74

3.3. 1 test environment 74

Baseline convergence 75

3.3.3 Benefits of Peer Groups 75

3.3.4 Peer Group and Path MTU Discovery 76

3.3.5 Peer Group and Queue Optimization 77

3.3.612.0 (19) functional comparison before s78.

3.3.7 BGP performance enhancement after 12.0 (19) s 79.

3.3.8 Case study summary 79

3.4 Summary 8 1

Chapter 4 Effective BGP Policy Control 83

4. 1 strategy control skills 83

4. 1. 1 regular expression 83

4. 1.2 Filter List of Enhanced BGP Policy 86

4. 1.3 route mapping 9 1

4. 1.4 policy list 93

4. 1.5 filtration processing sequence 93

4.2 Conditional notification 94

4.2. 1 Configuration 94

4.2.2 Example 95

4.3 Polymerization and Resolution 99

4.4 Local AS 104

4.5 QoS Policy Propagation 106

4.5. 1 Identify and mark the BGP prefix that needs priority processing 106.

4.5.2 Set the FIB policy table entry 107 according to the BGP label.

4.5.3 Configure the traffic on the interface and set the QoS policy 107.

4.5.4 When receiving and sending traffic, control should be implemented on the interface 107.

Example of QPB 108

4.6 BGP strategic accounting 109

4.7 Case study: AS integration using local AS 1 1 1

4.8 Summary 1 17

The second part designs enterprise BGP network.

Chapter 5 Design of Enterprise BGP Core Network 12 1

5. 1 Using BGP 12 1

5. 1. 1 problem definition 122

5. 1.2 Determination solution 122

5.2 BGP network core design solution 123

5.2. 1 internal BGP core architecture 124

5.2.2 External BGP Core Architecture 129

5.2.3 Internal/External BGP Core Architecture 137

5.3 Remote Site Aggregation 147

5.4 Case Study: BGP Core Deployment 148

5.4. 1 BGP core design scenario 149

Design requirements 149

5.4.3 Potential solutions 150

5.4.4 Demand Analysis 150

5.4.5 Solution Description 150

5.4.6 Core design 15 1

5.4.7 Migration Plan 152

5.4.8 Final situation 159

5.5 Summary 168

Chapter VI Internet Connection of Enterprise Network 17 1

6. 1 Determine what information to receive from upstream suppliers 17 1

6. 1. 1 Only the default route 17 1 is needed.

6. 1.2 Default route plus partial route 172

6. 1.3 complete internet routing table 172

6.2 Multi-host 172

6.2. 1 single host terminal network 173

6.2.2 Multihomed Terminal Network 173

6.2.3 standard multihomed network 174

6.3 Routing filtering 176

6.3. 1 item filtering 177

6.3.2 outlet filtration 177

6.4 load balancing 178

6. 4. 1 inbound traffic load balancing 178

6.4.2 outbound traffic load balancing 178

6.4.3 Multiple sessions of the same provider 179

6.5 Other connection considerations 182

6. 5. 1 provider-based summary 182

6.5.2 Peer filter 183

6.6 Case Study: Load Balancing in Multihomed Environment 184

6.6. 1 scene overview 184

6.6.2 Initial Configuration 185

6.6.3 Inbound Flow Strategy 186

6.6.4 Outbound Traffic Policy 188

Final configuration 188

6.7 Summary 190

The third part designs the service provider BGP network.

Chapter 7 Design and Implementation Guide for Extensible iBGP 195

7. 1 iBGP scalability problem 195

7.2 route reflection 196

7.2. 1 How does route reflection work 196

7.2.2 Prefix Notification Rules 198

7.2.3 Clustering 200

7.2.4 Loop prevention mechanism 20 1

7.2.5 Hierarchical Route Reflection 204

7.2.6 Route Reflection Design Example 205

7.3 Alliance 225

7.3. 1 How the alliance works 225

7.3.2 Example of Alliance Design 227

7.4 Comparison between Alliance and Route Reflection 23 1

7.5 Summary 232

Chapter VIII Routing Reflection and Alliance Migration Strategy 235

8. 1 general migration strategy 235

8. 1. 1 Preparation Step 235

8. 1.2 determining initial and final network topology 236

8. 1.3 Determine the initial router 238

8. 1.4 Minimize flow loss 238

8.2 Case Study 1: Migrating from iBGP Full Connection Environment to Routing Reflection Environment 239

8.2. 1 initial configuration and ribs 239

8.2.2 Migration Process 244

Final BGP configuration 249

8.3 Case Study 2: Migrating from iBGP Fully Connected Environment to Federated Environment 250

8.3. 1 initial configuration and ribs 250

8.3.2 Migration Process 250

8.4 Case Study 3: Migrating from Routing Reflection Environment to Federated Environment 263

8.4. 1 initial configuration 263

8.4.2 Migration Process 266

8.5 Case Study 4: Migrating from Federated Environment to Routing Reflection Environment 277

8.5. 1 initial configuration 277

8.5.2 Migration Process 280

8.6 Summary 294

Chapter 9 Service Provider Network Architecture 297

9. 1 Common ISP network architecture 297

9. 1. 1 internal gateway protocol planning 298

9. 1.2 network plan 298

9. 1.3 network address allocation method 304

9. 1.4 user connection 305

9.2 Overview of Crossing and Peer-to-Peer 306

9.2. 1 cross connect 306

9.2.2 Equivalent to 306

9.2.3 ISP level and peer-to-peer relationship 307

9.3 BGP community attribute design 307

9.3. 1 prefix source tracking 308

9.3.2 Dynamic User Policy 309

9.3.3 QoS policy propagation based on BGP 3 1 1

9.3.4 Static Route Redistribution and Community Attribute Application 3 14

9.4 BGP security features 3 15

9. 4. 1 BGP MD 5 BGP session signature 3 15

9.4.2 Point-to-Point Filtering 3 16

9.4.3 hierarchical routing jitter attenuation 3 17

9.4.4 Public Point-to-Point Security Precautions 3 18

9.5 Case Study: Mitigating Distributed Denial of Service Attacks 32 1

9.5. 1 dynamic black hole routing321

9.5.2 Final Edge Router Configuration Example 322

9.6 Summary 330

The fourth part realizes the multi-protocol extension of BGP.

Chapter 10 Multiprotocol BGP and MPLSVPN 335

Multi-protocol BGP extension of 10. 1 MPLS VPN 335

10. 1. 1 route discriminator and VPN-IPv4 address 335.

10. 1.2 Extended Community Attribute 336

10. 1.3 Multiprotocol reachability attribute 337

10.2 understanding MPLS basics 337

10.2. 1 MPLS label 338

Label switching and LSP setup 339

10.2.3 Forwarding Labeled Packets 343

10.3 Building MPLSVPN Architecture 346

10.3. 1 MPLSVPN component 346

10.3.2 VPN Routing/Forwarding Instance 347

10.3.3 VPNv4 routing and label propagation 349

10.3.4 automatic route filtering 35 1

10. 3. 5 AS _ path operation 352

10.4 Various VPNs across AS boundaries

10.4. 1

10.4.2 VPN 370 supported by operators

10.4.3 BGP alliance and MPLSVPN 375

10.5 deployment considerations 377

10.5. 1 extensibility 377

10.5.2 Route Target Design Example 38 1

10.5.3 convergence 383

Case study10.6: between VPN and IPv4 labels realized by multi-hop eBGP between RR 384.

10.7 Summary 393

Chapter 1 1 Multiprotocol BGP and Inter-domain Multicast 395

1 1. 1 multicast basis 395

11.1.1multicast distribution tree 396

1 1. 1.2 Multicast Group Representation 397

1 1. 1.3 *** enjoy the tree 397

1 1. 1.4 source tree 398

1 1. 1.5 constructs a multicast forwarding tree 399.

1 1.2 inter-domain multicast 4 10

1 1.2. 1 multicast source discovery protocol 4 1 1

Multicast nlri411.2.2mp-BGP

1 1.2.3 mBGP/MSDP interactive 4 12

1 1.3 case study: multicast deployment of service providers 42 1

Anycast RP 42 1

1 1.3.2 user configuration 423

1 1.3.3 inter-domain connection 429

1 1.4 Summary 429

Chapter 12 Multi-protocol BGP of IPv6 supports 43 1

Enhancements to12.1IPv6 431

12. 1. 1 extended address partition function 432

12. 1.2 automatic configuration 432

12. 1.3 header simplification 432

Security improvement of12.10.4.56666.666666666666

12. 1.5 QoS capability 433

12.2 IPv6 address assignment 433

12.2. 1 Function of Anycast Address 433

12.2.2 Universal Address Format 434

MP-BGP extension of 12.3 IP V6 nlri 436

1 Dual Stack Deployment 437

12.3.2 MP-BGP considerations for IPv6 deployment 437

12.4 configure MP-BGP 437 for IPv6.

12.4. 1 BGP address cluster configuration 438

12.4.2 Insert IPv6 prefix 438 into BGP.

12. 4. 3 IPv6 prefix filtering 438

12.5 case study: deploying dual-stack environment of IPv4 and IPv6 439

12. 5. 1 initial IPv4 network topology 439

Initial configuration 440

12.5.3 designed IPv6 coverage 44 1.

12.5.4 IPv6 network topology 44 1

Final configuration 443

12.6 summary 444

The fifth part appendix

Multi-protocol BGP extension support of appendix A CLNS 449

A. 1 DCN extensibility 449

A.2 DCN architecture

A.3 DCN network design based on BGP 450

A.3. 1 IS-IS network layout 45 1

A.3.2 BGP peer relationship 45 1

A.3.3 BGP next hop with clns prefix 452

A.4 CLNS multi-protocol BGP configuration example 454

A.4. 1 network authentication 454

A.4.2 configuration summary 456

A.5 CLNS support warning 459

Appendix B BGP Features and CiscoIOS Software Version List 46 1

Appendix c other sources of information 467

C. 1 RFC 467

C.2 CiscoSystemsURL 468

C.3 books

Document no.469

Appendix D Glossary 47 1

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