After the Qin Imperial Army wiped out the six eastern kingdoms, Qin Shihuang turned his unified attention to the land of Baiyue in the south and launched a war against Baiyue. The Baiyue War was Qin Shihuang's most difficult war. Although the Qin army's 500,000-strong army had an absolute advantage in strength and far exceeded the Baiyue tribal army in terms of equipment, the course of the war made the Qin army feel that it had never been before the war. Thinking of the hardship and pressure, before the war, the Qin Army considered that there might be problems with food and grass, and also considered that the hot climate in the south would be unsuitable for most of the Qin Army soldiers who were born in the north; but it was only after the Qin Army arrived in Guangdong and Guangxi that they discovered that The harsh battlefield environment and the enemy's extraordinary ferocity and tenacity were both unexpected.

Historical books record the tenacious resistance of the Baiyue Army, with the Xiou Army as the main force. The Baiyue Army, led by the leader "Yi Xu Song", fought a fierce and fierce battle with the Qin Army. The Qin Dynasty army It was difficult at every step, suffered setbacks, lost troops and generals, and was still unable to enter the territory where the Yue people lived for a long time. During the war, the Baiyue Army immediately selected a new leader after the death of their leader "Yi Xu Song" in battle, and retreated across the board. They entered the mountains and jungles to continue fighting with the Qin army. The Baiyue army even fought with wild beasts and refused to surrender to the Qin army until death. They continued to carry out sneak attacks on the Qin army, cut off the Qin army's food routes, and forced the Qin general Tu Sui to write a letter to Qin Shihuang. Saying that the Qin army was running out of food and grass, Qin Shihuang was forced to order a large number of migrant workers to dig the Ling Canal, which connected the Xiangjiang and Li river systems and ensured the Qin army's food and grass transportation. In addition, the Qin Army has another biggest enemy - the hot climate. Most of the Qin Army soldiers are from the north. Most of them are from Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and other places now, and they are not adapted to the hot climate in the south. , the plague was rampant among the soldiers, which directly affected the combat effectiveness of the Qin army.

The Baiyue Army, with the Xiou Army as the main force, under the leadership of the new leader Jie Jun, launched a counterattack against the Qin Army around 218 BC. The Qin Army was defeated. According to "Huainan" "Zi" records that Qin soldiers "lay down hundreds of thousands of corpses and bled hundreds of thousands", and the Qin army's commander-in-chief Tu Sui was also killed by a Baiyue army night attack force in Guilin, Guangxi, forcing the Qin army to "camp in a useless place" , and then cannot retreat", and they are in constant fear, so that "the army has not been released for three years, so that the prison salary cannot be transferred to pay." The two sides have been in a stalemate and confrontation situation. According to academic discussions, the Qin Army's casualties were around 300,000, and the remaining 200,000 people all retreated to the northern border of Guangdong and Guangxi. However, the Baiyue Army also suffered heavy casualties and had no strength to continue the attack. The two sides formed a The situation of confrontation lasted for 3 or 4 years.

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The Baiyue Army lost to the Qin Army because of its population superior. The population of Baiyue area was very small at that time.

But the war was cruel after all. Not to mention that the Qin army lost more than 300,000 horses in three wars. The people in Guangdong and Guangxi also suffered heavy losses. Historical materials record that the Qin army After the second war, all the troops stayed in Guangdong and Guangxi. These Qin people merged with the locals and became the ancestors of the current people in Guangdong and Guangxi. The nearly 300,000 Qin soldiers left behind made an indelible impression on the development of Guangdong and Guangxi. However, according to the research of historians, during the Peasant War in the late Qin Dynasty and the Chu-Han War, Guangdong and Guangxi were not battlefields. At this time, Guangdong and Guangxi were almost independent of the Qin Dynasty. However, it is recorded in the book "Population of Chinese Dynasties" that in At the end of the Qin War, the population of Guangdong and Guangxi was only over 400,000. If we exclude the nearly 300,000 Qin soldiers who were left behind, this means that the original Baiyue people in Guangdong and Guangxi had increased from 500,000 before the Qin-Ou War. It was reduced to 100,000 people. During this period, there was no literature on the epidemic of plague in Guangdong and Guangxi. Of course, it is not ruled out that the Qin people still could not adapt to the climate in the south after the war, resulting in acclimatization and population decline. But I think the war caused the population to decline. The main reason for the decrease should be that during the war, at least nearly 400,000 Vietnamese died or fled to Southeast Asia. Until the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Nanyue Kingdom, which had been established in Guangdong and Guangxi, was known as "a million-armed people" in the early days of the founding of the country. However, according to historians' analysis, the total population of the Nanyue Kingdom was the largest (roughly around the time of Empress Lu after Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty). During the reign of the Han Dynasty, there were no more than 800,000 soldiers, and the number of soldiers was only about 100,000 at most. "Millions of armored soldiers" was an exaggeration to show the country's prestige. When the Han Dynasty finally surrendered, the population of South Vietnam was only recorded as surrendering. There are more than 400,000 people. If you include those who are not included in the records, it is estimated that it will not exceed 600,000.

In any case, this war also promoted the integration of the Chinese nation. Although the integration of nationalities often requires cruel wars, the Qin army brought advanced production technology and contributed to the development and development of Guangdong and Guangxi. The foundation for construction was laid.