Article 144 of the Civil Code A civil juristic act carried out by a person without capacity for civil conduct is invalid.
Article 146 A civil juristic act in which the intention expressed by the actor and the counterpart is untrue is invalid.
The validity of a concealed civil juristic act with false intention shall be handled in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.
Article 153 The validity of a civil juristic act that violates mandatory provisions, public order and good customs. A civil juristic act that violates the mandatory provisions of laws and administrative regulations is invalid. However, unless mandatory provisions do not invalidate civil legal acts.
A civil legal act that violates public order and good customs is invalid.
Article 154 A civil legal act in which the actor colludes with the counterpart in bad faith and damages the legitimate rights and interests of others is invalid.