The presidential system of the Russian Federation was established after the referendum on March 199 1. 199365438+February 12, the Russian Federation held a referendum and adopted the first new constitution after Russia's independence. On February 25th of the same year, 12, the new constitution came into effect. This constitution established the Russian presidential federal state system.

According to the new constitution, the president is directly elected by citizens with voting rights for a term of four years. Any citizen of the Russian Federation who is not less than 35 years old and has lived in the Russian Federation for not less than 10 years can run for president. The same person may not serve as president for more than two consecutive times. The presidential election is decided by the Federal Council. Voters and campaign coalitions can nominate presidential candidates. Each candidate must submit information about personal income and property to the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation, and collect enough signatures that meet the constitutional requirements. Finally, the Central Election Commission will make a decision on whether to approve his candidacy. According to the presidential election law of the Russian Federation, registered candidates who have won more than half of the votes of voters are deemed to be elected. In any of the following circumstances, the Central Election Commission considers the presidential election invalid: the voters who participated in the election did not exceed half of the registered voters; The candidate who gets the most votes gets less votes in favor than the total negative votes; If there are only two candidates, neither of them has won more than half of the votes of the voters who voted.

The electoral law also stipulates that if there are more than two candidates, and neither of them is elected, the Central Election Commission will announce the second round of voting for the first two candidates with the leading votes; If the number of affirmative votes in the second round of voting exceeds the total number of negative votes, the candidate is elected. If the following three situations occur, the Russian Federation Council will announce the re-election, and the 1 presidential election will be considered invalid; 2. Candidates who participated in the second round of voting withdrew on the day of voting or withdrew for other reasons; 3. None of the candidates who participated in the second round of voting was elected. When the presidential election is held again, those candidates whose actions (or omissions) lead to the invalidation of the election or the second round of voting cannot become candidates again. Russia held presidential elections in 199 1, 1996, 2000 and 2004 respectively. Yeltsin won the first two sessions. In 2000 and 2004, Putin was elected president of Russia twice in a row.

At present, the Russian Federation adjusts the political life of the country according to the principle of decentralization. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Russian Federation is a democratic federal country with a system of * * *, which implements the principle of separation of powers and a presidential system.

The first is the president. The President is the head of state and safeguards the Constitution, the rights and freedoms of the people and citizens. The president performs his duties in accordance with the Constitution and laws. With the consent of the State Duma, the Prime Minister of the Government of the Russian Federation was appointed. The Prime Minister of the Government is appointed by the President with the consent of the State Duma. The State Duma may express distrust of the Government of the Russian Federation. After the State Duma expresses no confidence in the Russian government, the President of the Russian Federation has the right to announce the resignation of the Russian government or disagree with the decision of the State Duma. If the State Duma raises the question of no confidence in the government of the Russian Federation within three months, the President of the Russian Federation will either announce the resignation of the government or dissolve the State Duma and re-elect.

Second, parliament. The Parliament of the Russian Federation consists of the Federal Council (upper house) and the State Duma (lower house). It is an independent part of the state power organs of the Russian Federation, and it is the representative and legislative body of the Russian Federation. The main power of the parliament of the Russian Federation is to pass the federal constitution and laws. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, all draft laws must be submitted to the State Duma. Federal laws are passed by the State Duma. The Federal Council deliberated and approved the laws passed by the State Duma. Have supervision over the president, the government and the judiciary. The Federal Council (the upper house of parliament) can recall the President of the Russian Federation, and the State Duma (the lower house of parliament) can file charges of recalling the President of the Russian Federation and make decisions on the trust of the Russian Federation government.

Third, the Constitutional Court. The Russian Constitutional Court is an institution used by the court system to restrict the president and parliament and balance the relationship between the executive, legislative and judicial powers. It has the power to examine whether the administrative orders issued by the head of government and the laws promulgated by the parliament are constitutional, that is, whether they are constitutional, and to declare unconstitutional administrative orders and laws invalid.