The manned moon landing project organized and implemented by the United States from 196 1 to 1972 is called "Apollo project", which is an epoch-making achievement in the world space history. This project started in May of 196 1 year and ended successfully in February of 1972. It lasted about 1 1 year and cost 25.5 billion US dollars. At the peak of the moon landing project, 20,000 enterprises, more than 200 universities and more than 80 scientific research institutions participated, with a total number of more than 300,000 people. With so many people participating in such a great project, some people questioned it and thought it was a scam. What's going on here? I found that the American flag inserted on the moon fluttered with the wind. Without the wind on the moon, how can it flutter? For this question, astronaut Armstrong once explained that when they inserted the American flag, they were afraid that it would not float, so they fixed a wire at the top of the flag to make it bend, so that it looked like the flag was fluttering. Others ask why there are no stars in the photos. In fact, this is because the sunlight and reflection are strong, and the light of the stars is too weak to see the stars in the photo. Others have suggested that there is no wind or water on the moon, so how can you step on footprints? Armstrong retorted that it is precisely because there is no wind and no water that the footprints will solidify after stepping on them and will not be blown away by the wind.
There is no doubt that Armstrong and his comrades landed on the moon. More than 0/000 scientists from 9 countries studied the soil samples they brought back from the moon. These samples and scientific experiments provide some interesting information about the structure and age of the moon. Scientists now believe that the structure of the moon is roughly the same as that of the earth, and the age of the moon may be five billion years. So we can also prove the authenticity of landing on the moon from this point. Does the United States dare to cheat so many scientists against the world?
Anyway,1July 2, 9691,65438, Armstrong and his comrades-in-arms did land on the moon by "Apollo 1 1", realizing the dialogue with President Nixon at that time. One person or two people can never accomplish this great task. Thousands of people from NASA are in charge of such a project, conducting scientific research and experiments, and blaming spacecraft and the ground. In addition, scientists have to research and manufacture thousands of scientific instruments and install them on spacecraft, rockets, command centers and tracking stations, so it is impossible to engage in "conspiracy." Now it's been 40 years since this great feat, the decryption period has passed, and all the materials can be found in the American archives. Recently, NASA released many high-definition photos and videos of Apollo's moon landing program, which provided direct evidence for the authenticity of Apollo's moon landing program.
Speaking of this, I have to mention a famous Chinese-American space expert, who participated in this great project and was also one of the developers of the spacecraft, Dr. Feng Sui 'an. Dr. Feng Sui 'an is from Zhuji, Zhejiang. He studied in Moshan Primary School and Shaoxing Middle School in Zhuji City in his early years. After graduating from Chongqing Central University, I went to study in the United States. He has successively obtained a master's degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Rochester and a doctorate in science from Cornell University, and has taught in the university for eleven years. 1965 Feng Sui 'an participated in the Apollo moon landing program at the call of the President of the United States, and was hired as a senior technical research expert by the Space Department of North American Airlines in California, USA, and participated in the most important space development program in the United States. He worked hard in a series of projects, such as the world-famous moon landing spacecraft, the world's largest Saturn rocket, space laboratory, high-altitude artificial satellite and space shuttle, especially in low temperature, heat insulation, heat dissipation and fluid mechanics. He also solved a difficult problem in Apollo's moon landing program, that is, when the spacecraft returns to the earth, it will enter the atmosphere at high speed, resulting in the high temperature of the hull shell, which will lead to the destruction and death of the spacecraft. Feng Suian proposed that the scales on the hull should be spread out when crossing the atmosphere to reduce the temperature of the hull and make the spacecraft return to Earth safely. The US space shuttle program was also proposed by Dr. Feng Sui 'an and accepted by the US government. 1986 Feng Sui 'an returned to Beijing at the invitation of the State Science and Technology Commission of China to discuss the development plan of China's aerospace industry during the Seventh Five-Year Plan period with the famous scientist Qian Xuesen. I mentioned Dr. Feng Sui 'an only to prove the authenticity of Apollo landing on the moon in the United States. In fact, we don't need to question Apollo's landing on the moon The United States has proposed to conquer Mars in 2030. Believe in technology.
There are many reasons why the United States has never set foot on the moon since then. Landing on the moon is actually a contest between the two superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union in the space field. At that time, Americans were forced by the aggressive military pressure of the Soviet Union. Considering the rapid development of Soviet space technology, the US military was afraid that the Soviet Union would land on the moon first, so the United States took the lead in making a plan to conquer the moon. If a military base capable of launching nuclear weapons can be established on the moon, then the United States can basically be invincible. Later, due to the economic and technical reasons of the Soviet Union, it was finally defeated. On the evening of February 25th, 199 1 10, the Soviet flag fell heavily from the Kremlin, and the bipolar pattern of the Cold War ended immediately. Because there is no competitor, the United States finally has to fall into a gloomy mood. After all, the moon is 380,000 kilometers away, and landing on the moon is really not easy. This is a question of burning money and national strength, but it has no practical significance. Of course, after entering the 2 1 century, China's space industry has made rapid progress, and China also plans to land on the moon in 2030, which may stimulate the United States to return to the moon.
The United States announced its landing on the moon at 1969. The moon landing activity lasted until 70 years. Encouraged by this, in 1970s, people were full of illusions that human beings would colonize the solar system in 2 1 century. In the 1980s, it was predicted that by 20 10, humans would begin to colonize the moon. Indeed, it took only 60 years for man to land on the moon from the first real plane. Then it should be natural to land on Mars in another 40 years. However, with the passage of time, people found that landing on Mars or even landing on the moon again could not be achieved in a few years. As a result, all kinds of rumors spread like wildfire, and people began to be restless.
The first is some common misunderstandings. I hope these obvious mistakes will no longer be used as evidence.
The United States presented China with moon rocks. Yes, but only 1 gram. It is also divided into two parts, which are kept separately. )
The American Museum still holds samples of Saturn 5. That's true, but it's probably just a superficial model. )
Chang 'e 1 will soon know whether it is true or not. (It seems that there is no such task. )
Positive representative view:
1 1969 The number of people who participated in the US moon landing program was as high as100000, and the financial resources invested were astronomical. If we want to falsify, it means to silence hundreds of thousands of people, many of whom are scholars who don't care about politics at all. It's hard to really keep these people quiet.
Besides, at that time, the Soviet Union was competing with the United States, and I don't know how many KGB were lurking inside the United States. If it was false, it would have been discovered by the Soviets.
Those videos and photos of landing on the moon also include lunar rocks and soil, among which the content of helium -3 in lunar soil is amazing and can't be found on earth at all. There are many satellites because the moon has no atmosphere and magnetic field, and its helium -3 mainly comes from the deposition of solar wind. Due to the magnetic field and atmosphere on the earth, solar wind matter can not enter the earth theoretically.
Americans have not only landed on the moon once. If they want to fake it, they may only succeed once. It's not that easy to fake every time. Besides, if they cheat, once is enough. So, they have come to fake many times, and they are not afraid to show their feet? Logically, it doesn't make sense.
Representative views of the other party:
1. Everyone knows that there are no stars behind, but there are stars behind the photos taken by Yang Liwei.
2. The safety measures of NASA are very strict. In the early 1970s, recordable things and Saturn rocket data were lost. It's microfilm, and records. How much information should there be? America can't find it, and there is no backup.
There is no air on the moon, and the spacesuit worn by astronauts should be bulging. Comparing the astronauts walking in the sky with those landing on the moon, we can find that the spacesuit of the astronauts landing on the moon is far from bulging, but it is the same as that on the earth.
Only recently, with the help of Russia, the United States has docked the space station with the Earth orbit. In the early 1970 s, it was more difficult for the United States to dock the lunar orbit, and the astronauts on the moon could not return. Earth orbit docking can only be realized under the precise monitoring and calculation of the ground monitoring network. Obviously, the docking of the lunar orbit is much more difficult, and the current technology in the United States is not sure to be realized in a short time.
That year, the live broadcast from the moon to the earth was 380 thousand kilometers. It's very difficult to broadcast such a video with modern technology. It takes more than ten minutes for NASA to refresh a frame of video photos sent back from Mars this year.
The United States is a developed country and a suspicious country.
The biggest country owes the most to the United Nations. I still don't believe it if I don't watch the big newspaper slap me in the face.
Whether the United States landed on the moon, let's not say for the time being. But in the live broadcast to the whole world, there was a voice from the moon: Wow, what a big spaceship, as big as a city!
You can't make international jokes on the earth, let alone make cosmic jokes on the moon.
So, you dare to say that America didn't land on the moon?
The question is, do you dare to say that the United States really saw an alien spaceship?
True or false, I can only say that I believe that the United States went to the moon for the time being, but the astronauts are all talking big and talking in their dreams.
The American landing on the moon is very controversial. Someone will check the relevant information. Some people think that the American landing on the moon is simply a scam. No matter how others explain it, they will not believe it. They have to land on the moon again to completely sew up their mouths.
Some people think that the so-called "seeing is believing" is easy to follow the crowd to some extent. There are some seemingly "fake" traces in the photos of the American landing on the moon, such as the problem of flag fluttering, the problem of shadow, the problem of multiple light sources and so on. However, some people think that the American landing on the moon is fake from the aspects of electronic technology and live video technology. These problems have been explained by NASA and some space experts in the past (I won't repeat them here), but they still can't dispel everyone's doubts. However, some probes of NASA and China in the United States have photographed the traces left by the American landing on the moon. Seeing this, some people selectively stopped talking, and the voice was "Is the satellite map taken by the United States credible?"
This is unwilling to believe that the United States can falsify, but it is not necessary. First, the United States has surpassed the world in space technology, and aircraft have flown into interstellar space. Saturn V and the previous space shuttles were all space launch equipment with strong carrying capacity, which was technically capable of completing manned landing on the moon, but the special effects technology of that era could not complete the special effects production of high-precision large-scale scenes like space launch; Second, the environment of the moon is very different from that of the earth, and the traces of landing on the moon can last for hundreds of thousands of years. This is obvious evidence that the spacecraft on the moon has existed for a longer time, and it is easy to shoot with the higher resolution of the detector. Before landing on the moon, the United States had conducted a series of lunar exploration activities and learned a lot about the moon. It wants to fake, and it will not choose such space activities that are easy to leave evidence.
However, this matter has no influence on ordinary people. Believe it or not, you can speak your mind. Actually, there is nothing to argue about. If you don't believe it, humans will still land on the moon in the future, and most people can only have an eye addiction on TV. However, in some backward areas, people's thinking is stereotyped, and it is still difficult to understand this kind of activity, and it may still be considered fraud.
Is it true that Americans landed on the moon?
It seems that NASA's landing on the moon has never been consistent, it has always been extremely polarized. Friends who support Hengxin, friends who don't, are always suspicious ... No matter what kind of historical evidence or the modeling of the latest LRO lunar probe, they can't convince these skeptical friends. Of course, this article is not intended to convince everyone. It's just that a friend has just answered a few questions about landing on the moon. Then let's see if this doubt is true or our own understanding is insufficient.
The first point is that the lunar rover was not found, but the rut was found! This is a photo of NASA's lunar orbiter LRO, because only LRO has visited all the places where NASA landed on the moon in all directions, and the orbit is extremely low! So let's see what these photos look like.
This is the LRO photo of Apollo 15, which is located on the moon at 26.08 degrees north latitude and 3.66 degrees east longitude. The LRV on the far right in the above picture is a lunar rover. If you zoom in, you can vaguely see the antenna and seat of the lunar rover, next to the shadow in the sun! In the middle of the picture is the descent stage of the moon landing spacecraft. After the ascending phase flies away, the descending phase stays on the surface of the moon!
The lunar rover is basically a frame structure!
Upgrade and downgrade, it is working at this time!
This is the rising video of the lunar module flying off the moon!
Other descriptions are taken for granted and there is no need to refute them one by one. You can go to the website of NASA to check these materials. They are all public, so long as you can use English, you can translate them!
Second, electronic communication technology is not enough to support refined operation. I'm really sorry, I killed all the Russians with one stick! Because the Russians landed on the moon many times that year, even though it was unmanned!
You don't need to describe the three colors in the picture above to know which is which! In terms of electronic communication technology, the requirement of unmanned probe landing on the moon is even higher than that of manned landing on the moon, because the average distance from the earth to the moon is 384,000 kilometers, and the demonstration back and forth for at least 2 seconds, plus the delay of radio equipment itself, will exceed 3 seconds. When the unmanned probe landed, the scene changed quickly, which allowed a delay of 3 seconds? So the unmanned probe that landed on the moon at that time was semi-manually controlled, and half asked God for help ... I hope this is a flat clearing. If there are aliens down there, I'm sorry to press you. .....
Apollo moon landing spacecraft is manned, NB more than modern unmanned probe onboard computer. No demonstration, super artificial intelligence ... There is no doubt that the era of unmanned detectors has verified other technologies, such as transferring from the earth to the lunar orbit, then turning to the orbit around, and then changing from the orbit around to the descending orbit ... The detector has repeatedly verified that Apollo can't be realized? As for the lack of video communication ability, ultra-long-distance high-speed video is not a task, so I won't list them one by one!
Saturn V can send a 60-ton object from the Earth to the lunar orbit, but the total mass of the mission to the moon is only 45.5 tons, so there is a lot of fuel in the service module and command module returned from the moon for Apollo to slow down when entering the earth orbit. What's wrong with returning at the speed of 1 1.2 km /S? It's not good to slow down into orbit and then return to the atmosphere. The manned spacecraft is overloaded by ballistic return, but it is no problem to slow down and enter orbit! From the earth to the moon, you can slow down and enter the orbit around the moon. Why can't I go back?
The key is fuel. The unmanned probe can save a lot of fuel by returning to the atmosphere from the floating trajectory of the moon, but the control technology is relatively high! For example, T 1, the pioneer of Chang 'e V, is the ballistic return of Shui Piao!
But the Apollo service module with sufficient fuel can slow down together with the command module, and then separate after entering the orbit, which perfectly solves this problem! Are Americans that stupid? Do you have to choose the super-intractable Shui Piao trajectory regression? The donkey kicked me in the head!
In addition, the space shuttle Columbia disintegrated because the wing was damaged by the impact of heat insulation materials, and the flight computer control was too much to correct when re-entering the atmosphere, resulting in overload exceeding the limit of the space shuttle! What does this have to do with the regression of 7.9KM/S? I have to combine the two, which only shows that the author's knowledge level has a great overhead layer!
Li Luo said so much. Of course, you have to do what you want. Wait for Chang 'e V to come back next time. Apollo is a thing of the past. True or false may not be that important. Believe it or not. ........
If you are still questioning this question, you'd better ask the Russians.
See if they have an official statement that Americans didn't land on the moon at all, and the so-called Apollo moon landing plan is a lie.
Why ask the Russians?
Because the United States landed on the moon when their competition with the United States was the fiercest. In other words, landing on the moon is not only a scientific and technological adventure, but also a political, military, economic and even comprehensive national strength competition.
What is Russia's attitude after the US landing on the moon?
There is no public attack on Americans for faking landing on the moon at all, but it acknowledges the reality of the US landing on the moon and that Russia lags behind the United States on this issue.
This shows that the American landing on the moon can't be fake.
Because even the competitors admit the truth, which shows that it is true and certain.
So, this is Uncle Mu's first point: Americans must have landed on the moon.
Many people have doubts about how the American flag flies when there is no wind on the moon, why the lunar rover can fly in the dust, or why there are no stars in the background of landing on the moon. These are all technical problems, which can be completely explained from the perspective of science and technology, and some people have perfectly explained the reasons.
Uncle Mu is not a scientist, so he doesn't have to teach others how to explain these things. Interested friends can find very objective arguments by just searching.
You can provide another piece of evidence logically.
That is, the United States brought back a large number of lunar soil and rock samples. Every time they go to the moon, Americans bring a lot of things from the moon. These soil and rock samples are not only studied by Americans themselves, but also distributed all over the world, and even Russia has obtained them.
In the soil and rocks of the moon, there are very rare elements on the earth.
Helium -3, for example, is rare on earth, but it is much more abundant in the soil and rocks of the moon than on earth. It is estimated that the total reserve of helium -3 on the moon is about 6,543,800 tons. And the earth? Only 20 tons. The difference is as much as 50 thousand times.
Therefore, from the detection of some lunar soils and rocks, it is obvious that there are differences with earth rocks, and these differences are not artificially made.
Moreover, Americans distributed it to countries around the world for research, which shows that there is no fraud. Otherwise, who dares to show it to others easily?
Moreover, the total amount of geotechnical samples brought back by manned spacecraft can not be brought back by unmanned detectors, which can also prove that Americans have indeed been to the moon.
It makes sense to question whether the United States has manned the moon! First, it is stable and reliable. The United States landed on the moon six times and succeeded six times. In that era when discrete components, electronic tubes and transistors were used, six successes were almost a miracle. Second, the cosmic radiation belt, 27 1 mile away from the earth, was almost impossible to pass through at that time. Thirdly, Armstrong's Shen Jun shoe print does not conform to the logic that the moon's gravity is only the earth 1/6. This image tells us that astronauts walk on the moon like a floating balloon. Fourth, there is no delay in the transmission of sky images, which is completely impossible! Fifth, the image of astronauts walking on the moon is three times that of walking on the earth. Sixth, the low temperature on the surface of the moon will turn the electronic equipment of the era when the original parts were separated into scrap iron! Don't say it can go back to earth, it is a miracle that it can work!
Compare the photos of Jade Rabbit and Astronaut on the Moon.
Landing on the moon or not is the product of the development of science and technology aerospace to a certain stage, not to say that there would be no without it. According to the arrangement of China's moon landing development. The first step is to launch a lunar spacecraft (after flying around the moon, it hits the surface of the moon to achieve a hard landing); Step 2, launch a lunar probe (Jade Rabbit) to achieve a soft landing; The third step is to launch a lunar sampling vehicle, which can automatically collect lunar soil or rocks, and can automatically board the return capsule and fly back to Earth.
If all the above goes well, we can consider sending people to the moon and returning to the earth's surface.
The implementation of the American Apollo moon landing program is definitely a systematic project. Don't say whether the communication technology, remote command technology, computer technology, aerospace materials technology and precision manufacturing technology of the factory could support such a huge project. Just the previous steps can also guess the clue.
What I know is the photos of Apollo landing on the moon that are widely circulated in the United States: Why is the flag flying in the wind but there is no shadow? Why are there no stars behind? Where is the return capsule (why did Armstrong take pictures away from the return capsule? ),……
Armstrong landed on the moon.
It is a lie that the United States set foot on the moon. He never set foot on the moon. Imagine that launching an aircraft from the earth requires a launcher. Even if he went to the moon, how could the aircraft return to earth? He didn't have a launcher on the moon, so he couldn't go to the moon with a launcher when he set foot on the moon. So how did his aircraft leave the moon and bring back the material on the moon? The lie was exposed.
196/kloc-0 On May 25th, 2000, the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, publicly stated in his speech that before 1970, the United States would send the first astronaut to the surface of the moon and then return safely. This is America's goal. At that time, everyone thought Kennedy was bragging. No one expected that1July 25th, 969, Apollo11(Apollo11) successfully landed on the surface of the moon. American astronauts neil armstrong and buzz aldrin became the first human beings to land on the moon, and the United States became the first country on earth to land on the moon!
When the United States launched the Apollo 1 1 spacecraft, then US President Nixon watched the launch in the Oval Office of the White House. At the launch site, 1 10,000 people watched, and 600 million people around the world watched the live broadcast of Apollo 1 1 spacecraft launched by the United States. 1969 July 16 13: 32, Saturn V rocket with Apollo 1 1 was successfully launched at Kennedy Space Center. 12 minutes later, it is announced to enter Earth orbit!
After entering earth orbit, the third stage rocket ignited and the spacecraft began to fly to the moon. After flying to the moon for 30 minutes, the server was separated from Saturn V rocket, connected with the lunar module adapter, and launched the spacecraft to the moon with the help of the lunar transfer orbit. 1July 969 19, Apollo 1 1 passed the back of the moon and entered the lunar passage. The astronauts determined the landing site in advance.
On July 20, according to the process, the Eagle module was separated from the Columbia module. Astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin on the lunar module are in charge of landing on the moon, while astronaut Collins on Columbia is in charge of inspecting the lunar module and monitoring it during its flight around the moon to see if there are any accidents. Collins can retreat if anything happens to the lunar module!
Armstrong and Aldrin lived up to expectations. On July 20, 2009, at 4: 00 pm, Armstrong reported to Houston Flight Control Center, "Houston, this is Jinghai Base." Eagle landed successfully. This time, it was the first successful landing on the moon! The success of the United States is the success of mankind and a great progress in landing on the moon. However, this matter is full of doubts. Many people suspect that the United States "faked" and forged the fact that the United States landed on the moon!
The first doubt, in the photos on the surface of the moon, shows that the American flag is flying with the wind, but there is no air on the moon, so the national flag should not float.
The second doubt is that the surface temperature of the moon is very high, and the daytime temperature exceeds 100 degrees. At that time, the film of the camera reached a high temperature of 65 degrees, and the film would be useless. At that time, American cameras had no protection. How to take high-definition photos?
The third question is that there is so much radiation in space. How can the thin spacesuit of American astronauts resist such strong radiation?
The fourth doubt is that Armstrong has never appeared in public, never appeared on stage when receiving the award, never signed anyone's name, and never took a photo with anyone.
The fifth doubt, NASA spokesman and field announced that the video of 1969 landing on the moon was lost, but I can't find it. Something's wrong with it.
The sixth doubt is that Professor Hamlet, an American physicist, once expressed doubts about the optical reflector used in Apollo 1 1, and thought that the 0.25m2 reflector could not reflect the laser beam to the earth.
The seventh doubt is that there are no stars in the moon landing photos.
It is precisely because there are many doubts about the first landing on the moon in the United States that everyone suspects that the United States is faking it. Americans named this book "We have never landed on the moon" to express their doubts about the success of landing on the moon! However, doubt is doubt and speculation, which is not enough to convince the public. And no country has officially refuted 1969 that the United States landed on the moon successfully. If you want to prove whether the United States is cheating, you have to walk around the moon to know whether the United States is lying!