I. Full-text browsing

Shang Zhongyong (Wang Anshi)

Fang Zhongyong, a native of Jinxi, is cultivated in the world. Zhong Yongsheng knew nothing about books and tools for five years and suddenly cried for them; Father, on the other hand, borrowed from it. That is, the four poems are all handwritten and named after themselves. Their poems were written for adoptive parents and families and passed down to a scholar in a township. Nature refers to things as poetry, and its arts and sciences are considerable. Yi people are very strange, a bit like their father; Or ask for it with money My father's interest is natural, and he will always pay tribute to the city people and let him be ignorant.

I've been listening for a long time. In Ming Dow, it has been twelve or thirteen years since our ancestors went home and saw them at my uncle's house. To write a poem, you can't call it the smell of the past. After another seven years, I returned to Yangzhou and asked my uncle how he was. Say, "Everyone's gone!"

The prince said: Zhong Yong's understanding is also an act of God. It is also blessed, far more virtuous than talents. If a chess piece is owned by everyone, it will not be influenced by others. He is a man who receives heaven, so he is a saint, and he who does not receive heaven is for all; Today's husband is not subject to heaven, and he is not subject to heaven, only for everyone.

Second, read correctly.

Shang Zhong Yong Northern Song Dynasty (Wang Anshi)

Jin Ximin/,Shi/. Zhong Yong/born five years ago, never tasted/knew books and tools, and suddenly cried/asked for them. The father, on the other hand, borrows the side, that is,/writes poems, and/names himself. His poems/with the intention of adopting parents and collecting families, spread/learn/observe in a hometown. Nature/refers to things like poetry/standing, and its arts and sciences/considerable. Yi people/wonder, ignore their father, or/beg with money. Father's benefit/its nature, day shift Zhong Yong/Huan Yi/Yu Yi people, do not learn.

I've been listening for a long time. In Ming Dow, I saw it from my ancestors/home and my uncle's home, twelve or thirteen. Write a poem that you couldn't hear/speak/hear before. Seven years later, I went back to my uncle's house from Yangzhou and asked him, "Everyone is gone!" "

The prince said, "and/or both are favored by heaven." Its/from heaven, virtue is/things are far away; If you are everyone's pawn, then if you are subject to others, you won't. He/she is blessed by heaven, so he/she is virtuous, he/she is not loved by others, and he/she is for everyone. Today/husband is not affected by the sky, and he is solid; If you don't accept it, everyone can. " .

Third, the significance of the topic

Hurt means "sadness, sigh". Shang, that is, he is poor, a gifted child prodigy. Because he doesn't study hard, he grows into an unknown mediocrity.

Still selected from Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan (Zhonghua Book Company, 1959 edition).

Article center

Write Zhong Yong's tragic experience that he eventually fell from a prodigy to an ordinary person or even worse because he didn't learn the day after tomorrow, and state the purpose of persuading him to learn.

Authenticity of the article

Even with innate talent, no matter how smart a person is, he can't study hard the day after tomorrow. Everyone Disappeared not only expresses the present situation of Zhong Yong, but also expresses his disappointment with Zhong Yong.

Four. Original text and notes

Fang Zhongyong, a native of Jinxi, is cultivated in the world. (The author explains Fang Zhongyong's native place, name, identity and family background. Zhong Yongsheng was five years old (this is a nominal age, but actually four years old). He didn't know how to write, and suddenly he cried. The father, on the other hand, borrowed from the side and approached it, that is, four sentences of books and poems, which were named after themselves. His poem/adoptive parents, home ("Book of Rites, funeral" Zheng Xuan's note: "The home of home, that is, don't be intimate, let it be Zhao Mu." "Biography of the Book of Rites" Confucius and Ying Da's justice: "If the clan is separated, the flesh and blood are separated, and the sacrifice in the ancestral temple is not serious; If it is accepted, the relatives will not be separated, Zhao Mu will have a relationship, and the ancestral hall will have dignity. " Therefore, the meaning of "gathering clansmen" is to unite clansmen in the order of up and down, so as to keep them close and not fall apart. Fang Zhongyong's experimental work "takes adoptive parents and families as its significance". "Adoptive parents" means "support" and "adoption" means "unity". Five-year-old children have such aspirations, which is very remarkable in feudal times. Therefore, it is no wonder that in addition to praise, people specially gave this poem to the scholars in their hometown for their evaluation. Scholars in rural areas (in Tang and Song Dynasties, it was a name for ordinary scholars, which was different from the students who passed the county examination in Ming and Qing Dynasties. "One township", the whole town. This sentence should be understood as being passed on to readers in the whole town, not just to a scholar. ) have a look. Of course, it means that things are poems (that is, "poems about things"). In the past, when children were trained to write poetry, they often designated an object as a topic, requiring that the characteristics of this object and some thoughts and feelings could be expressed in poetry. This was the initial training for writing poetry. ) established, its arts and sciences are considerable. People in the city are very surprised. They are a little nicer to their father or beg with coins. My father's interest is natural, and he will always pay tribute to the city people and let him be ignorant. (ellipsis. Omitted the object of "teacher", it should be "don't make it learn", where "ambition" refers to. )

I've been listening for a long time. In Ming Dow, it took only two years (1032- 1033) to return to my hometown from my ancestors ("Ming Dow", the year number of Song Renzong). "Ancestor" This is the address of the late father. According to: Wang Anshi's father has a good reputation, but his handwriting is not good. In the eighth year of Tiansheng (1030), he learned about Shaozhou (now Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province) through his temple. Three years later, he left with Ding You and returned to China, accompanied by Wang Anshi (then 13 years old). Accordingly, this time I returned to Ming Dow for two years (1033). In the second year of Baoyuan (1039), Wang Yi died in Jiangning (now Jiangsu). Wang Anshi wrote this article in three years (1043), so he was called "Zu". ), I saw it at my uncle's house, twelve or three. Write a poem, (ellipsis. The object of "ling" is omitted, which should be "ling's poem" and "qi" refers to. ) can't be called the taste of the past. After another seven years, I returned to Yangzhou and asked my uncle how he was. He said, "Everyone has left."

The Prince (referring to Wang Anshi) said: Zhong Yong's general knowledge is also influenced by heaven. It is also blessed, far more virtuous than talents. If a chess piece is owned by everyone, it will not be influenced by others. Becoming an ordinary person in the end is the reason why his acquired education is not in place. He is the recipient, so he is a saint, not the recipient, but for all; Today's husband is not subject to heaven, and he is not subject to heaven, only for everyone. A person's talent is important, but it is more important to go through continuous learning the day after tomorrow. )

Verb (abbreviation of verb) translation

Fang Zhongyong is a civilian in Jinxi County, who has been farming for generations. When Zhong Yong was five years old, he had never seen any reading and writing tools, and suddenly he cried for them. My father was surprised by this and borrowed it from his neighbor. He immediately wrote four poems and wrote his own name. This poem is about caring for parents and uniting people of the same clan, and it is spread to the scholars in the whole town for viewing. From then on, he was assigned to write a poem and finish it immediately. The literary talent and truth of the poem have something to watch. People in the same county were surprised by Zhong Yong, and gradually treated his father with the courtesy of guests. Some people ask for Zhong Yong's poems with money and gifts. His father coveted this and forced Zhong Yong to visit people in the same county every day instead of studying.

I've heard a long time ago. In the era of Ming Dow, I followed my late father back to my hometown and met him at my uncle's house. He is twelve or thirteen years old. Let's write poetry, which is not as good as the previous rumors. Seven years later, I came back from Yangzhou and went to my uncle's house to ask about Zhong Yong. I replied: "Zhong Yong's special functions have completely disappeared and become an ordinary person."

Mr. Wang said: our knowledge and understanding ability are innate. His talent is far higher than that of ordinary talented people. Because he didn't get the education the day after tomorrow, he finally became an ordinary person. A naturally intelligent person like him will become an ordinary person if he has no acquired education. Therefore, those ordinary people who are not born smart now may not be ordinary if they don't receive the acquired education.

A brief introduction to the author of intransitive verbs

Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086), whose real name is Banshan, was named Badger Lang, and was also called Mr. Wang and Mr. Linchuan by the world. Linchuan, Fuzhou (now from Liyang Village, Shangchi, dongxiang county, Fuzhou), Han nationality. An outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He made outstanding achievements in the literature of the Northern Song Dynasty. His poem "Learn from Du Fu and Be Thin and Hard" is good at reasoning and rhetoric, good at using allusions, powerful in style, subtle in warning and profound in sentiment. Author of Linchuan Collection. He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated.

Seven, keywords

First of all, word explanation

1. Li: belongs to

2. Ten miles of farming: generations engaged in agricultural production;

3. Never: Never;

4. Demand: Requirements

Step 5 be surprised ...

6. Borrow nearby: borrow from neighbors;

7. and: give;

8. book: write;

9.For: inscription;

10. take … as the meaning: take … as the content of the poem;

1 1. Viewpoint: appreciation;

12. Nature: From now on;

13. Yes: this, this;

14. Just: finished;

15, in which:

16. Omitted: gradually;

17. Or: someone;

18. guests: treat each other with courtesy;

19. Yi people: fellow villagers;

20. Begging: Begging, here refers to spending money to ask Zhong Yong to mention poetry;

2 1. Li Qiran: covet this (profitable);

22. Pull: Pull hard.

23. Wei Huan: Visiting everywhere;

24.make:let；

25. follow: follow;

26. said: compared;

Smell: Fame

28. Ran Min: Disappeared. The uniqueness of Fang Zhongyong has completely disappeared.

29. Non-conformity: Non-conformity (requirement).

30. Prince: Wang Anshi is self-styled.

3 1. Fu: The first word of this sentence is not translated.

32. solid: originally.

33. Literary talent and rationality.

34. Profit: Utilization ....

35. it's worth it

36. Scholar: This refers to a learned scholar.

37. Conduct a visit

38. Writing tools: Writing tools refer to pens, ink, paper and inkstones.

Second, the sentence solution

1. Father is different, he is close to it.

Father was very surprised and borrowed it from his neighbor to Zhong Yong.

2. In this name, he wrote poems for adoptive parents and families.

And write your name on the poem, the theme is to support your parents and have a good relationship with the same family.

3. It means that things are poems, and the arts and sciences are considerable.

From then on, as long as someone else specifies one thing, you can write a poem and finish it at once. Its literary talent and truth are interesting.

4. Yi people are very strange, a little guest is their father; Or ask for it with money

The fellow villagers were surprised and gradually treated their father as guests; Some people also use money to buy Zhong Yong's poems.

My father benefited from it, and the Japanese La Zhong Yonghuan paid tribute to the city people, without learning or skill.

My father thought it was profitable, so he dragged Zhong Yong to visit his hometown every day to stop him from studying.

6. You can't call it the smell of the past.

Translation: It can't be consistent with what I heard before.

7. Everyone's gone!

Translation: completely normal.

Eight. Textbook reference

First, the overall grasp

Taking Fang Zhongyong as an example, this paper illustrates the importance of acquired education to success. The article is divided into two parts: the narrative part describes that Fang Zhongyong was gifted when he was a child, but because his father "refused to learn", he eventually "disappeared from everyone" and became mediocre; The discussion part shows the author's point of view, pointing out that the decline of talents in Fang Zhongyong is due to "being influenced" and emphasizing the importance of acquired education. Taking Fang Zhongyong as an example, this paper explains the universal truth and gives people profound thinking.

The language of this article is very accurate. In the narrative part, a short 150 words completely describe the changing process of Fang Zhongyong from five to twenty years old, while in the discussion part, there are only 70 words. Every word and sentence in the text has its exact expressive function, which is not dispensable. For example, in the first paragraph, the first sentence explains the native place, identity, name and family background, which is not only an essential general introduction, but the word "Li Shigeng" is the necessary foreshadowing for "not knowing books and tools" and "not learning skills", which not only sets off Fang Zhongyong's extraordinary talent, but also implies the family background that caused his fate; The word "crow" vividly describes the modality of Fang Zhongyong children asking for books and tools; The three adverbs of "suddenly", that is, "stand up", make the image of a gifted and quick-thinking child prodigy jump from the page; Sun Ban Zhong Yonghuan demoted to the city people ",just one sentence depicts the sad ignorance of Fang Zhongyong's father who is greedy for small profits and complacent; The word "unlearned" seems dull, but it indicates the change of Fang Zhongyong and points out the key to change the fate of Fang Zhongyong. The second narrative is very brief, with only one "look", one "smell" and one "ask" to explain Fang Zhongyong's later changes and ending. The discussion part at the end is concise and profound, and the reasoning is rigorous. We can observe and taste the characteristics of this language word for word.

The language of this article is plain and emotional. This article, entitled "Hurting Zhong Yong", describes what can be hurt and how to be hurt. Between the lines, it reveals the author's regret that a child prodigy finally "disappeared from everyone's face" and the sorrow of those who "suffered from heaven" but "suffered from people", and shows the author's point of view with a clear attitude.

Second, the problem research

1. Why does this article detail the situation when Fang Zhongyong first appeared?

This article describes in detail the situation when Fang Zhongyong's talent first appeared. This arrangement implies the main idea of the article and accords with the author's intention.

Wang Anshi wrote this article to illustrate the importance of "the recipient", that is, the acquired education, with Fang Zhongyong as a negative textbook. The word "injury" in the title has revealed this. "Hurt" means sadness and pity. Why did the author "hurt" Zhong Yong? Because of Fang Zhongyong's extraordinary talent, he was "unappreciated by others" and eventually "lost everyone". But this is not caused by Zhong Yong himself, and Zhong Yong can't be blamed, because he is a child after all and can't control his own destiny. This is caused by his greedy and short-sighted father. In the first paragraph, the article describes in detail the scene when Zhong Yong's talent first appeared. There are two clues: one is from describing the sudden appearance of Fang Zhongyong's talent to his growing popularity; Another article tells the story of Zhong Yong's father who discovered his son's talent and used his son's talent as a means of profit. The intention of this writing is: first, it shows that "Zhong Yong knows the general situation" is indeed a "lucky day" with innate factors; On the other hand, it was during this period that the seeds of decline were sown, that is, "the father benefited nature, and the day shift Zhong Yong was surrounded by local people, so that it was not allowed to study", indicating that Zhong Yong did not receive normal acquired education. As for the decline or even loss of Zhong Yong when he grew up, it was the inevitable result of "being unlearned". Of course, needless to say. The narrative part already contains the truth to be explained, so it is needless to say the discussion part.

2. What role does the phrase "I've been listening for a long time" play in this narrative?

The narrative of this paper adopts the way of seeing and remembering, the first paragraph is "smelling", and the second paragraph is "seeing" and then "smelling". It describes Fang Zhongyong's debut at the age of five, his decline at the age of 12 or 13, and the ending of "disappearing from the crowd" seven years later, which shows that Fang Zhongyong can change in three stages. The narrative is coherent and clear, with compact details, concentrated content and clear meaning. This way of watching and recording also brought Fang Zhongyong into contact with "I", which was full of life breath and gave people a real feeling. The narrative part of the article integrates three paragraphs of "smell", "see" and "smell" in chronological order, and the turning sentence is "long-heard" sentence. The word "zhi" in this sentence is a link between the past and the future, which refers to the situation in the period when Zhong Yong talents first appeared; The words "smell" and "for a long time" indicate that the author has not been in his hometown for a long time, and only learned from rumors that he has never seen Zhong Yong-this last point is implied in the whole sentence. If this point is made clear, the whole sentence should be "I have heard about it for a long time, but I have not seen him." In this way, it is natural to say "see" in the future. It can be seen that the sentence "I have heard for a long time" uses two meanings: one is bright and the other is dark, to realize the transformation of context.

3. How to understand the relationship between "recipient" and "recipient"?

The last discussion part is reasonable. The author thinks that Zhong Yongzhi's General Studies is a book that picks up people from heaven, and the reason for the decline of its talent is that those who pick up people don't come, which leads to a feeling that those who are less talented than Fang Zhongyong will be even more unimaginable if they don't pick up people. This passage discusses things step by step, distinguishes the relationship between "recipient" and "recipient", and makes people deeply feel the importance of "recipient".

By "connecting with the sky", the author refers to people's talents; "Recipient" refers to the acquired education. The author thinks that the latter is more important, that is, the acquired education is crucial to a person's success, which is undoubtedly correct. It should be noted here that the "recipient" refers to the acquired education that people receive, not their own acquired learning and subjective efforts (Fang Zhongyong could not study and work hard because of his father's "refusal to learn"). These are two different issues, and the latter is beyond the scope of this article. But we can get inspiration from it, which is helpful for us to understand the relationship between human talent and acquired learning and subjective efforts.