Wrestling: one of the most important competitive sports. It is an ancient competitive event in which two people fight with bare hands and use various techniques, techniques and methods to defeat their opponents according to certain rules.
Countries around the world have their own wrestling forms and methods with national characteristics. Wrestling in China, Sangbo in the former Soviet Union, judo and sumo in Japan, as well as classical wrestling and freestyle wrestling all fall into the category of wrestling. Each has its own style of wrestling and competition rules. There are relevant written records in ancient documents from Greece, China, Japan, Egypt and other countries.
Wrestling has been an event in the ancient Olympic Games since 708 BC. At present, there are two types of international wrestling competitions: classical style and freestyle. The competition is conducted according to weight classification. Greco-Roman wrestling was included as an event in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, and freestyle wrestling was officially included as an Olympic event in 1904.
When wrestling first became a modern Olympic sport, there were no weight classes or restrictions. Canceled at the second Olympics in 1900, rejoined 4 years later and has participated in freestyle wrestling until now. In the 2004 Athens Olympics, a new women's event was added.
Wrestling is a particularly favorite sport of the Mongolian people, and it is also an indispensable event at the Naadam Conference. In Mongolian, wrestling is called "Boke Bayildehu" and the wrestler is called "Bokeqing". Mongolian wrestling has its own unique costumes, rules and methods, so it is also called Mongolian wrestling. The wrestling uniform is called "Zhaodege" in Mongolian.
Origin and History Wrestling is recognized as the earliest competitive sport in the world. There are written records of wrestling in the ancient civilizations of Greece, Egypt, China, Japan and other countries. When the ancient Olympic Games were born in 776 BC, wrestling was one of the games, and it has been a competition event in all previous Olympic Games.
Modern wrestling originated in Greece, and the ancient Greeks admired wrestling very much. According to legend, the mythical hero Teshei, the founder of Athenian democracy, learned the rules of wrestling from the goddess of Athens, thus developing the sport of wrestling. Someone said at that time: "Wrestling is the most complete, comprehensive and coordinated sport. It is the crystallization of all sports." At that time, many famous Greek philosophers, poets and military generals were wrestlers. Plato, the famous Greek idealist philosopher, was a famous wrestling star at that time.
Wrestling, which occupies an important proportion in the Olympic Games, is divided into two categories: classical style and freestyle, also collectively known as international wrestling.
In 1912, when the 5th Modern Olympic Games was held in Stockholm, Sweden, the International Amateur Wrestling Federation (FILA) was officially established. According to the association's charter, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling are listed as international competitions. The establishment of the International Wrestling Federation has greatly promoted the spread of Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling around the world, allowing wrestling to flourish on five continents.
To date, FILA has 153 member associations. The distribution is: 33 in Asia, 45 in Europe, 34 in Africa, 28 in the Americas, and 13 in Oceania. FILA manages and is responsible for all Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling events.
The origin and evolution of Greco-Roman wrestling
Greco-Roman wrestling originated in ancient Greece and was formerly known as Greco-Roman wrestling.
At the end of the 2nd century BC, the Roman Empire sent troops to invade Greece. After conquering Greece, the occupiers combined their country's original wrestling with Greco-Roman wrestling, and developed and innovated on this basis, resulting in Greco-Roman wrestling. Because Greco-Roman wrestling appeared during the prosperous period of Greek slavery, which was historically known as the Greek Classical Period, this kind of wrestling was originally called Greco-Roman wrestling. The continuous development of this sport in Greece and its promotion in other European countries played a positive role in the formation of Greco-Roman wrestling.
In the 1890s, some people in France who loved this sport took the initiative to organize professional teams and toured many places to perform. Later, it gradually evolved into a competition, which led to the gradual development of Greco-Roman wrestling.
The origin and evolution of freestyle wrestling
In the era of the rise of Greco-Roman wrestling, another kind of wrestling appeared in Europe - freestyle wrestling. This kind of wrestling is basically the same as Greco-Roman wrestling. The difference is that players can use their arms to hold the opponent's lower limbs and can also use their legs to trip. Its techniques are richer than Greco-Roman wrestling. In the 19th century, the British formulated clearer freestyle wrestling rules, so freestyle wrestling was finally finalized in Britain.
The Origin and Evolution of Women's Wrestling
Olympic Champion Wang Xu
As the Olympic Games continue to expand their influence on a global scale, and the sports themselves embody Characterized by fairness, justice, tenacity and hard work, women's sports continue to expand and develop in this field. Many sports that were considered restricted areas for women's sports in the past have been developed one after another, and women's wrestling is one of them. In 1984, the International Amateur Wrestling Federation (FILA) recognized women's wrestling. But women's wrestling only has freestyle, and its rules are almost the same as men's freestyle wrestling. In August 1989, the 1st World Women's Wrestling Championship was held in Switzerland. Since then, women's wrestling has held an annual world championship.
History of the Development of Greco-Roman Wrestling in the Olympic Games
In 1896, 1,500 years after the interruption of the ancient Olympic Games, wrestling regained its place in the Olympic Games. Organizers of the modern Olympics, looking for a sport with direct links to the ancient games, naturally settled on wrestling. Because it was popular in most parts of the world in ancient times, from Greece and Babylon to India, China and Japan. So they recreated Greco-Roman wrestling by imitating the legacy of ancient Greek and Roman wrestlers.
In Greco-Roman wrestling, wrestlers can only use their arms and upper body to attack their opponents, and they can only twist these parts of their opponents. At the first modern Olympic Games held in Athens in 1896, Greco-Roman wrestling was established.
The development history of Olympic freestyle wrestling
At the end of the 18th century, another freer form of wrestling became popular throughout the United Kingdom and the United States. This kind of freestyle wrestling is known as the "catch you wherever you want" sport, and in both countries it has become a common show at fairs and festivals, and has even become a popular entertainment profession.
In 1904, at the 3rd Olympic Games in St. Louis, a wrestling event called "freestyle wrestling" was added. Freestyle wrestling allows players to use their legs to press, provoke and trip their opponents, and they are also allowed to grapple their opponents above or below the waist. In the initial competition, the players competed together regardless of their level, so that the heavier ones had a certain advantage. In the competition, there were often scenes of big guys easily defeating the lighter players, and the competition was one-sided. After that, wrestling competitions began to be divided into weight classes.
The Development of Women's Wrestling
It was not until the 2004 Athens Olympics in Greece that women's wrestling was listed as an official event. In order for women's wrestling to enter the Olympic Games, the International Amateur Wrestling Federation (FILA) has done a lot of work. The most important means is to reduce the level of men's wrestling. At first, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling had 10 levels each. Later, each was compressed to 8 levels. Later, each was reduced by one level, so that there were only 7 levels in each event. This allowed women's wrestling to enter the Olympic family. There are only four levels of competition for women's wrestling in the Olympic Games.
Key Points of the Rules With the development of wrestling, its rules have undergone great changes. The modified rules have made wrestling more popular and enjoyable.
Weighing
Weighing is required the day before the competition and lasts 30 minutes. One hour before weighing is the time for routine medical examination. The weight of the contestant must comply with the weight of the registered competition level. If the weight is not qualified, the contestant will be disqualified. Athletes participating in the weigh-in must be in good physical condition, their fingernails must be short, no beards or sweating are allowed, and their hair must be short or combed back and tied under the guidance of the referee. It will be checked during the weigh-in. For all competitions, there will be only one weigh-in per level. Wrestlers are not allowed to enter the wrestling mat when their bodies are sweaty; they are not allowed to smear their bodies with oil; and they are not allowed to wear any items that may injure their opponents, such as rings, bracelets, and earrings.
Referee
Composition of the referee team In all competitions, the executive referee team of each game is composed of the following personnel: 1 executive referee 1 on-field referee 1 side referee referee. Under no circumstances are two referees of the same nationality/region allowed to be on the referee team for a match. Referees are strictly prohibited from officiating matches involving athletes from their own country/region.
Functions of the referee team
The on-field record sheet used by the head referee and side referees is used to comprehensively record the scores obtained by the actions used by both players. All recorded action points and warnings must be as accurate as possible in order to be consistent with the specific stages of the competition. The head referee and side referee must sign their own score sheets. The chief referee shall have the ability to apply the technical and special skills specified in the relevant sections of the International Referee Charter.
On-field referees should wear red sleeves on their left arm and blue sleeves on their right arms. After the athlete uses the action, the referee on the field should indicate the score of the action with his finger. The player on the red side raises his left hand when he scores, and the player on the blue side raises his right hand when he scores. After the athlete uses the action, the referee on the field will score with his fingers: Gesture to score 1 point: raise the arm high, make a fist, and extend the thumb. Gesture to score 2 points: Raise your arm high and extend your thumb and index finger. Gesture to score 3 points: Raise your arm high, extend your thumb, index finger and middle finger. Gesture to score 5 points: Raise your arms high with your palms fully extended.
The difference between wrestling
The basic difference between Greco-Roman wrestling and free-style wrestling is: Greco-Roman wrestling: It is forbidden to hold the opponent below the waist, perform leg-tripping movements, and actively use the legs. .
Freestyle wrestling: It is allowed to hold the opponent's legs, perform tripping movements, and actively use the legs. The double armpit neck hold is prohibited in women's wrestling.
Wrestling Rules
Wrestling Competition Procedures Weighing: Weighing is carried out one day before each level of competition and lasts for 30 minutes.
Drawing lots: Athletes weigh themselves and draw lots when they leave the scale, and then arrange their matches based on this.
Initial arrangement order: If one or several athletes did not participate in the weigh-in or are overweight, after the weigh-in is completed, the athletes' numbers will be rearranged according to the principle of small to large.
Arrangement: Grouping and matching according to the lottery numbers drawn by athletes. Arrange them according to the order of the draw, such as: 1 vs. 2, 3 vs. 4, 5 vs. 6, and match in sequence.
Elimination of the competition: The competition is divided into two major groups according to the number of participants for elimination until the last winner in each group is selected. They will compete in the finals of the championship and runner-up. Except for athletes who lose to 2 finalists and compete for 3 to 8 athletes in the Repechage, the losers in other competitions will be eliminated, and their final rankings will be ranked according to their rankings.