Question 2: How can a novice read the construction drawing? 1. stirrup representation:
(1) φ [email protected]/200 (2) indicates that the stirrup is φ 10, the spacing between encrypted areas is 100, and the spacing between unencrypted areas is 200, all of which are double hoops.
(3) 【 E-mail protection 】 /200 (4) indicates that the stirrup is φ 10, the spacing between encrypted areas is 100, and the spacing between non-encrypted areas is 200, all of which are four-legged hoops.
(3)φ 【 E-mail protection 】 (2) indicates that the stirrup is φ8, the spacing is 200, and the legs are hoops.
Φ [email protected] (4)/150 (2) indicates that the stirrup is Φ 8, the spacing between encrypted areas is 100, the four-limb hoop, the spacing between non-encrypted areas is150, and the two-limb hoop.
First, the main reinforcement on the beam and the main reinforcement under the beam appear at the same time:
(1) 3 φ 22, 3 φ 20 means that the upper reinforcement is 3 φ 22 and the lower reinforcement is 3 φ 20.
2φ 12 and 3φ 18 indicate that the upper reinforcement is 2 φ12 and the lower reinforcement is 3φ 18.
(3) 4 φ 25, 4 φ 25 means that the upper reinforcement is 4 φ 25 and the lower reinforcement is 4 φ 25.
(4) 3 φ 25 and 5 φ 25 mean that the upper reinforcement is 3 φ 25 and the lower reinforcement is 5 φ 25.
Second, the upper beam reinforcement representation method: (marked on the beam support)
(1)2φ20 refers to two φ20 steel bars, which are arranged in length and used for leg hoops.
⑵ 22+(4φ 12) means that 2φ22 is the total length, and 4 φ12 is used for the vertical reinforcement of six limb hoops.
(3) 6 φ 25 4/2 indicates that the upper row of steel bars is 4 φ 25 and the lower row is 2 φ 25.
(4)2φ22+2φ22 means that there is only one row of steel bars, two in the corner and two in the middle, which are evenly arranged.
Third, the beam waist reinforcement representation:
(1) G2 φ 12 indicates the structural reinforcement on both sides of the beam, with one φ 12 on each side.
(2) G4 φ 14 indicates the structural reinforcement on both sides of the beam, with two φ 14 on each side.
(3) N2 φ 22 indicates the torsion bars on both sides of the beam, with one φ 22 on each side.
(4) N4 φ 18 indicates the twisted steel bars on both sides of the beam, with two φ 18 on each side.
Four. Representation of reinforcement at the lower part of the beam: (marked at the lower part of the beam)
(1) 4 φ 25 means that there is only one row of main reinforcement, and all 4 φ 25 extend into the bearing.
2 6φ25 2/4 indicates that there are two rows of steel bars, the upper row of steel bars is 2φ25, and the lower row of steel bars is 4φ25.
(3) 6 φ 25 (-2)/4 indicates that there are two rows of steel bars, the upper row of steel bars is 2 φ 25, which does not extend into the bearing, and the lower row of steel bars is 4 φ 25, which all extend into the bearing.
(4) 2 Φ 25+3 Φ 22 (-3)/5 Φ 25 indicates that there are two rows of steel bars, and the top row of steel bars is five. 2φ25 into the bearing, 3φ22, not into the bearing. The lower row of ribs is 5 φ 25, arranged in length.
Example of verb (abbreviation for verb) label:
KL7(3)300×700 Y500×250
φ [email protection ]/200(2)2φ25
n4φ 18
(-0. 100)
4Φ25 6Φ25 4/2 6Φ25 4/2 6Φ25 4/2 4Φ25
□―――――――――――□―――――――□―――――――――――□
4Φ25 2Φ25 4Φ25
300×700
N4φ 10
KL7(3) 300×700 represents the frame beam 7 with three spans, with a section width of 300 and a height of 700.
Y500×250 is to add armpits under the beam, with a width of 500 and a height of 250.
N4 φ 18 represents the torsion reinforcement of beam waist.
Φ [email protected]/200 (2) 2 Φ 25 means stirrups and bracing.
-0. 100 indicates the elevation of beam epithelium.
N2B 12 fingerboard is equipped with two twisted longitudinal bars (waist bars), one on each side.
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Question 3: How to read a complete drawing? How to look at the drawings in the building, there must be a set, otherwise it is not so beautiful.
A complete set of construction drawings, generally divided into:
1. Drawing Directory: list the newly drawn drawings first, and then list the selected standard drawings or reused drawings.
2. General description of design (i.e. home page): design basis of construction drawing; Design scale and construction area of this project; The corresponding relationship between relative elevation and absolute elevation of this project; Description of indoor and outdoor materials; Doors and windows table.
3. Building construction drawing (construction for short): including general plan, plan, elevation, section and structural details.
4. Structural construction drawing (construction for short): including structural layout and structural details of each component.
5. Equipment construction drawing (referred to as equipment for short): including the layout and detailed drawings of water supply and drainage, heating and ventilation, electrical equipment, etc.
Steps to read the construction drawing
1. It is necessary to master the principle of projection drawing and various expression methods of shapes.
2. Be familiar with the meanings of legends, symbols, linetypes, sizes and proportions commonly used in construction drawings.
3. Because some professional problems are involved in the construction drawing, we should be good at observing and understanding some basic conditions of the composition and structure of the house during the learning process.
A set of housing construction drawings, there are several simple, a dozen complex, dozens or even hundreds. When reading, first check and understand how many categories there are in this set of drawings and how many there are in each category. If there are defects or need to use standard drawings and reuse old drawings, it should be completed in time. Then read through the contents in the order of "building", "infrastructure" and "facilities" to get a general understanding of the construction site, surrounding environment, size and shape of the building, structural types and key parts of the building. Then, the technicians in charge of different disciplines (or jobs) focus on different types of drawings according to different requirements. When reading, you should look at the whole before looking at the part, the text before looking at the pattern, the figure before looking at the size and so on. When reading, we should pay special attention to the connection between various drawings to avoid quality accidents and economic losses caused by contradictions.
Question 4: How to read CAD drawings quickly 1
Look at the design drawings from the big picture, start with the details, combine the whole with the details, scrutinize thoroughly, coordinate the parts with the whole, and combine the designer's explanation to fully understand the whole set of drawings. At the time of understanding, designers can be asked to show samples of the materials used to get a detailed understanding of the materials. The object of design depends on whether the size is reasonable and meticulous, and whether there are any mistakes.
1, see if the drawing scale is reasonable.
Many consumers like to look at the renderings, but they often ignore the construction drawings. However, the beautiful shapes on the renderings are often far from the design drawings after they are made on the spot. In fact, check the reason, that is, the designer did not make the design drawings according to the construction drawings, but made the drawings according to Mito. Therefore, a design drawing must be made strictly in proportion.
2. See if the detailed size is standard.
In some design drawings, because the designer did not make careful measurements at the site preparing for construction, many dimensions were omitted in the design, especially some key dimensions were not mastered in the design, which may lead to the disconnection between design and construction in the construction.
3. See if the selected materials are clear.
We often pay attention to the quotation of the decoration company, for fear of being cheated. We should examine them one by one. In fact, the design drawings should also indicate the name and brand of the main materials, which is very beneficial for the future construction personnel to have a map to follow.
4. See if the production process is marked.
Marking the necessary manufacturing process in the construction drawing is not only for the convenience of construction, but also to restrain the construction workers from cutting corners during the construction process and ensure that consumers can get a project that meets the contract negotiation.
Method 2 of reading cad drawings quickly
Make mechanical equipment and complete sets of drawings:
1, first look at the general assembly drawing to understand the purpose of the equipment;
2. Look at the assembly drawing of the components to find out which key components are there and the matching relationship between them; (Prepare for understanding the part drawing later! )
This is the part drawing:
1. Look at the title bar first to find out what part it is and where it is in the equipment. What role does it play? What material is it?
2, look at the technical requirements must look at the technical requirements, know the processing, heat treatment, inspection and other requirements, as well as what technical specifications to comply with. (At this time, if you encounter a technical specification that you don't understand, you must look at the technical specification first! )
3. Look at the view of the parts, understand the structure of the parts, what are the key positions, benchmarks, roughness, shape and position requirements, etc. To be able to design and judge whether these requirements are reasonable, you need to have some machining experience! )
Question 5: How to learn to read engineering drawing 1 and learn architectural drawing standards and specifications;
2, the scene situation, compared with the actual;
3. Download relevant materials from the Internet for study;
How to read architectural drawings
First, understand the map.
1, first look at the site layout, understand the general situation of the project and the influence of surrounding buildings on the project.
2, see the construction organization, probably understand the specific construction situation of the project.
3. Look at the construction structure diagram and architectural diagram, and combine them to have an overall understanding of the project.
4. For details, please refer to the construction drawing combined with the structural construction atlas, and the construction drawing combined with the architectural construction atlas.
5. Look at the structural drawing from the axial dimension, and check whether there is any discrepancy between the shear wall, column, beam, plate and other steel bars before and after, and whether the structure is consistent with the architectural drawing. Whether the site elevation of beam and slab is correct, whether the bathroom panel is marked in detail, whether the settlement joint structure treatment is appropriate, whether the staircase method is detailed, and whether all kinds of holes are detailed.
6. The architectural drawing shows whether the layout of each floor is reasonable, whether the layout of non-bearing walls and bearing walls is reasonable, whether the layout of beams and columns is beautiful, whether the position and size are consistent with the structural drawing, and whether there are any omissions in various holes.
7, reasonable construction practices, waterproof materials, coatings, tiles, etc.
Second, the architectural drawings symbol daquan
In architectural design:
L stands for beam, ll stands for continuous beam, ql stands for ring beam, jl stands for foundation beam, tl stands for ladder beam, dl stands for ground beam, Z stands for column, gz stands for constructional column, kz stands for frame column, M stands for door and C stands for window. @ means rebar spacing φ means rebar type.
Here are some experiences to share with bloggers.
1, a formal architectural design should have the signature of the designer, the signature of the person in charge of the architectural drawings, the signature of the reviewer, the signature of the proofreader, and the seal and the registered practice seal.
2. In architectural design drawings, the length is generally in mm, unless otherwise specified; Pay attention to the combination of "building material description" and other drawings when reading drawings. In the "Description of Building Materials", each item is marked with "√", which is the practice adopted in the design. What is not ticked is not the design practice.
3. As shown in the architectural design: "c20 reinforced concrete jl(240400) with 4φ 16 wound φ 6 @ 200 stirrups." The foundation beam of reinforced concrete structure with strength C is 240mm wide and 400mm high. It is equipped with four main steel bars with a diameter of 16mm (16 mm), and a rectangular ring of steel bars with a diameter of 6 mm is hoop every 200 mm (the length of the rectangular ring is about 340-350mm, and the width is about 180 mm- 190 mm).
4. For example, in architectural design: "c20 concrete column (240240) with 4φ 12 hoop] 6 @ 200." Where "] 6 @ 200" is a nonstandard label and should be "φ 6 @ 200". It is interpreted as: a c20-strength small beam of reinforced concrete structure, with a section length of 240mm and a width of 240mm, is equipped with four main bars with a diameter of 12mm (12mm), and a rectangular steel mesh with a diameter of 6cm is hoop every 200mm. The height of the column depends on the height of the floor marked by the project minus the height of the ring beam and the thickness of the panel, because the ring beam and the panel are poured together.
5. For example, m5 cement mortar is used to build mu 10 shell lime-sand brick in the architectural design. "m5" indicates the strength grade of cement mortar and "mu 10" indicates the strength grade of lime-sand brick. Mu 10 represents the average compressive strength of lime-sand brick ≥ 10mpa.
6.ql stands for ring beam and ring beam, which is usually used in brick-concrete building structure (mixed structure), that is, the wall is built first, and then the ring beam and the reinforced concrete on the surface are poured.
7, the practice of frame structure, namely pouring column, beam, beam, plate, etc. Dismantle the formwork and then build the wall.
8. According to the requirements of quality supervision, the contractor may be required to provide the certificates of reinforcement (each batch), cement (each batch), mu 10 lime-sand brick (each batch) and cement concrete test certificate.
Key points of architectural drawing review:
Before the project starts, it is necessary to read and review the drawings, and then carry out the blue prints.the design work. If you have experience in reading and examining drawings, and master some key points, you will get twice the result with half the effort. Now I will talk about my experience in drawing and examining drawings for reference.
The procedures of drawing recognition and drawing review are: familiar with the functions of the proposed project, familiar with and reviewing the plane dimensions of the project, familiar with and reviewing the elevation dimensions of the project, checking whether there are errors in the error-prone parts of the construction drawing and checking whether there are improvements.
First, be familiar with the functions of the proposed project.
After you get the drawings, first understand what the function of this project is, is it a factory building or an office building? Is it a mall or a dormitory? After understanding the function, associate some basic dimensions ... >>
Question 6: How to read the decoration drawings easily? Drawings are the foundation of construction, so understanding design drawings is the key to grasp the decoration effect. Attention must be paid when reading the drawings: first, we must understand the design drawings, including: floor plan, water and electricity diagram, ceiling layout, interior diagram, furniture modeling three views, modeling node diagram, detail drawing and so on. Secondly, understand that the design drawings are developed from the plane, based on the fully functional plane, and see if the design drawings conflict with the original building structure. From whether the design drawings reflect the different functions of each room and make the form obey the function, the design must meet the function, and the rooms with different functions should have different emphases. For example, in the design of the bedroom, we must consider comfort and certain storage functions to meet the needs of the bedroom owner in life, work and study. The kitchen must consider the one-stop process of picking, washing, cutting, frying and handing vegetables, and the towels and mouthwash cups in the bathroom should be easy to take and put. It must be designed according to the different interests of family members. When looking at the drawings, you should also put yourself in the other's shoes, and understand the drawings according to the brand, model, color and specific size of the materials used in the design drawings. When understanding, the designer is required to show the samples of the materials used, and have a detailed understanding of the materials. The designed objects depend on whether the dimensions are reasonable, detailed and error-free. Understand the special process, understand the modeling and be familiar with the process from the node diagram and details of the design drawings. In short, when looking at the design drawings, we should focus on the overall situation, start with the details, combine the whole with the details, thoroughly scrutinize, coordinate and unify the parts with the whole, and combine the designer's explanation to fully understand the whole set of drawings.
Question 7: How to read the door of the house drawing?
The door is a fan, representing the action and scope of pushing. The fan inside indicates that the door opens inward, and the fan outside indicates that the door opens outward.
window
Windows can be divided into floor-to-ceiling windows, bay windows and floor-to-ceiling windows.
The simplest drawing method of the window is the three-line connection;
The bay window is a prominent rectangle with three lines at the upper end and a dotted line at the lower end;
The French window painting is similar to the bay window, but it looks much bigger. If you can't recognize it at a glance, the designer will mark it.
Air conditioning display is represented by AC in a rectangular box, or a cross is drawn in the rectangle.
Wardrobes are generally rectangular with a space inside.
Other layouts, the final general layout.
Matters needing attention
North, south, west, east.
It is appropriate to have a square apartment.
Question 8: How to read the drawings of civil engineering? Is the builder asking you, the designer asking you, or the layman asking you?
First of all, design drawings refer to all graphic documents related to this building, including construction site plan, preliminary design scheme and, of course, construction drawings. Construction drawing is a specific document to guide the concrete practice of architecture. Stamping and signing have legal effect. In fact, most of the design papers are relatively simple, and the requirements for natural specialties are also low. The construction drawing is more complicated and detailed, and it is the dominant drawing of the building, not just for the construction workers. Moreover, the construction drawing was drawn by the design institute, but it needs a professional foundation to understand it. (This term refers to civil engineering, excluding hydropower, HVAC and other majors).
1. If a layman asks you, it is a doubt about your study and level.
2. The builder asks whether you are sensitive to the architectural structure symbols, dimensions and expressions on the drawings, whether you understand the general idea of the building and whether it has been covered in your mind.
The designer asks you because you know the depth of the drawing, not just why, but why. For a simple example, the builder only needs to know that the column in this position is 450*450, but the designer requires you to understand why this position is 450*450.
In short, different people have different requirements for you. I just hope that no layman will ask you.
Question 9: How can I read the drawings? What do you mainly look at according to the drawings? There are three main types of architectural drawings: plan, elevation and section. The first thing to know is the most basic legend. Note that some things are marked in situ and some are marked in the center. Only by understanding the basic elements of drawing design can we know what the marked things mean. If you know this, you should read more books, and the vertical profile corresponds to it. Some dimensions may not be reflected in the plan, so we must look for them in the elevation. Then it is necessary to complete the positioning of the building or details, and the size of the horizontal section of the building in the same position. When reading a drawing, you must at least be able to decompose the length, width and height of a certain detail or a building, as well as the length, width and height of this detail, in order to understand the drawing. I hope I can help you.
Question 10: What should I do if I get the construction plan? How can I read the drawings? 1, first look at 10 1 atlas and architectural drawings.
2. Read the general design instructions carefully and tick out the places that are easy to be ignored in the construction.
3. Read through the drawings according to the construction sequence, and read them together with the atlas and specifications cited in the construction drawing.
The function of the construction drawing is to convey the designer's intention, so that the construction personnel can carry out the construction when they see the drawing. Look at the drawings and you will know how to build this house, even if you understand how to build it. Of course, this is only the most basic requirement for construction workers. If you want to ask yourself more deeply why you want to design like this, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of this design, you need to study more various building and structural specifications.