Less than 20 years after the founding of New China, three major corruption cases broke out, which seems to be rare in the history of China. It is true that the low salary of officials is the direct cause of corruption, but there is another fact that cannot be ignored, that is, the legal system and regulations of Daming and the United States are still being created, and there is a process from familiarity, implementation to compliance. The Bing Lin case in the first year of Hongwu broke out under this background. We have already talked about the situation in Bing Lin in the early Ming Dynasty, which took place in the first year of Hongwu. The grand ceremony of governing the country of the Ming Empire began in 1367, and it was set in Hongwu for six years, and it was set in 22 to 30 years. 1368 A high-level corruption case occurred. It should be said that the world was not peaceful at that time, and the national laws were still being revised, so people were not familiar with them. How can so many people know and obey? Therefore, judging from the final treatment, it seems to be very tolerant to be suspicious by nature, to put an end to evil deeds and to be ruthless. Therefore, the principal offender Bing Lin was killed without further investigation. Therefore, there are not many records in history books, but the impact of this corruption case cannot be ignored. As mentioned above, Bing Lin, the right-hand man of Huaiyou Group, was rightfully disposed of by others, which led to the Huaiyou Group headed by Li Shanchang directly targeting Liu Ji, and the two sides began to make friends, which affected the political turmoil in the early Ming Dynasty. Readers may find this incredible. In the first year of Hongwu, the Bing Lin case was handled too hastily. Could it be that Bing Lin was wronged? Shi Ming Luno. And Shi Ming Liu Jichuannuo. Are clearly recorded. Then why didn't Zhu Yuanzhang delve into it? Does this have anything to do with Zhu Yuanzhang's later style of unwarranted suspicion, wanton attachment and wanton killing? In fact, in my opinion, it may not be Zhu Yuanzhang, but the military situation of the newly established Ming Empire was under the premise of the Northern Expedition, and a large number of wars and constant textual research caused people's anxiety. Therefore, Bing Lin is not wronged at all, and it can even be said that it is a corruption case that should be thoroughly investigated. It is the second most important case in the early Ming Dynasty, which is really wrong. The complexity of the political and social situation from chaos to governance in the early Ming Dynasty and the suspiciousness of Zhu Yuanzhang's empty seal case occurred in Hongwu eight years. So what happened in the empty seal case in the early Ming Dynasty? In the early years of Wu Dynasty, it was stipulated that every year, local governments, prefectures and counties should send officials in charge of Qian Gu to Nanjing Household Department, the capital city, to report the amount of money and grain and the accounts of income and expenditure. All money, grain and military supplies should be reported at different levels, from county to government, from government to chief secretary, and from chief secretary to household department. At the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, officials from the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development will conduct a comparative review. The figures they have must be completely consistent with the total revenue and expenditure figures of local chief secretaries, and all chief secretaries must be completely consistent with the total revenue and expenditure figures of their respective governments before they can settle accounts. What if there is a discrepancy, even a numerical error? Sorry, the owner of the Central Family Affairs Department won. I didn't mean to come to see you. You have to go back to the local government where you came, rebuild the household registration book, and then stamp the official seal of the local government and send it to the central household registration department. At that time, the capital of the Ming empire was in Nanjing, which was roughly in the middle from the north-south direction, but from the east-west direction, Nanjing was obviously on the east side, so the history books said that the provincial capital was six or seven thousand miles away, nearly three or four thousand miles away. But in any case, this boring and demanding reconciliation request will be implemented even if it is unreasonable. This is a tradition.

Similar to the letter of introduction used by people in the past, the letter of introduction stamped with the official seal of the original unit is carried out first, and the name of the other unit is copied word by word when going to the specific work unit, which is correct and efficient. The legitimacy of the problem is not equal to the legitimacy of the procedure. Traditional China people always pay attention to form, efficiency and effect, and are not interested in the legality of procedures. After airprint was invented, it quickly became popular quietly. Everyone in this industry knows this hidden rule, even the central authorities, but no one is willing to take any risks to say more, so airprint has been popular for many years. It was not until the eighth year of Hongwu that Zhu Yuanzhang discovered such a secret book because he wanted to take an examination of Qian Gu. However, he didn't just understand it from the surface, but dug deep. He thought it must be the deception and corruption of the relevant departments and officials, so he flew into a rage and roared: This kind of deception made me keep a secret, and the officials of this department were selfish, so the Chief Secretary dared to fill in blank printing paper. Let's end the chief secretary of the ministers! Actually, that's it, corruption or something. It's just that the following picture is easy to draw, but Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang is determined to strictly implement it. What can we find from this survey? No, the chief seal officials of local governments at all levels and the officials who signed blank documents were arrested and thrown into the imperial prison, where thousands of people were detained under the heads of counties and countries and illegally sentenced to death. Finally, Zhou Su, an official of the Ministry of Interior, the director of the local government office and the chief seal officer were all executed for fraud, and the second official's deputy was sentenced to 100 whip and sent to a remote area. Is the empty case a corruption case? After the air printing case broke out, people with discerning eyes knew the merits of the case at first glance, but it was the time when Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of Hongwu was in hot demand. Even as a prime minister in a close neighborhood, his duty is to make suggestions. Everyone knows that there is nothing wrong with the empty seal, but no one dares to make suggestions. Of course, since ancient times, honest people who are not afraid of beheading and imprisonment have existed in the history of China. On this silent day, there was an official working in Hubei Province named Zheng Shiyuan. It was also because of the aerial printing incident that he was involved in prison. Zheng Shiyuan has a younger brother named Zheng Shili. He is keen on this case and his brother. Taking advantage of the imperial edict of Hongwu's nine-year Jian 'an, he wrote thousands of words magnificently and directly wrote a letter to Zhu Hongwu Yuanzhang to defend the empty seal case. Zheng Shili mainly talked about three aspects: first, the emperor should severely punish those who forged seals. The original intention was good, but he was afraid that if the hidden rules of officialdom were not stopped, some traitors would treat fake seal documents as official documents to harm the people. Official documents must be stamped with the official seal before delivery. Now we use the official document writing program to compare the Qian Gu account book used in the blank seal case. Qian Gu's account book has a saddle seal, which is different from a blank official document with only one official seal. It's useless to go to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development to do business with an empty document printed with half an official seal. Second, Qian Gu and other figures must conform to the government and provinces, provinces and ministries, but it is difficult for local people to determine the correct figures in advance and can only be settled after the accounts are reconciled. But the problem is that the provincial government is far away from the Nanjing Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ranging from six or seven thousand miles to three or four thousand miles. Therefore, once the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development refuses, the relevant officials of the local government will go back to re-examine and fill out the form again. The official seal can only be stamped after the document is written, and then you can come back to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. This can be done badly every year. It is time. Therefore, p.

Now they will behead you, because killing people is not the same as mowing grass. If you mow the grass, it will grow back. If a person is killed, there is nothing. Zheng Shili analyzed several reasons why the gas seal criminals could not be convicted. Finally, he appealed to Zhu Yuanzhang: Emperor, why do you want to destroy these useful talents by not committing crimes? Zheng Shilixin said a few fair words for the innocent people in the SEAL case. He thought that although his younger brother Zheng Shiyuan had been arrested and imprisoned, he was not the chief official, and he could be released from prison after being punished by blood and blood, and he was ready to bear all the consequences. But in the end, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang flew into a rage after reading the book. Not only did he not give the air India case a retrial opportunity, but he also insisted on delving into Zheng Shili's behind-the-scenes ambassador. Zheng Shili's death is his death. He generously said that I don't have any ambassadors. Everything I do is for my country! Finally, Zhu Yuanzhang punished the bold writers Zheng Shili and Zheng Shiyuan, demoted them to Jiangpu and punished them with hard labor for life. There is also a writer, Zheng Shili, who was demoted to Qinyang Yicheng by Zhu Yuanzhang, also did the same. This is obviously unfair. Why did Zhu Yuanzhang delve into it and punish it again and again? The first is to severely punish the empty printing case. Today, Zhu Yuanzhang is challenging the hidden rules of society and officialdom. In China society, this kind of normal thing often happens, often under the table. However, in real life, people are silently observing or imitating. Even if the law is pursued, generally speaking, punishing the public is not a crime, and it won. It won't happen again in the early years of the Ming Dynasty. This kind of thing happened in officialdom, and in fact, I didn't involve any corruption. But Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of Daming, was a powerful monarch who dared to attack the hidden rules. As for why Zhu Yuanzhang did this, I think it is mainly because he had too many shortcomings and sufferings in his childhood and adolescence, which led him to always strive for perfection, even perfection, when he achieved his career and Daming's great cause. 19 February, 19, Wu Hong said that everything we set was always unstable and everything was done just right. This is reflected in the financial and economic aspects of the early Ming Dynasty, which is extremely correct. Secondly, Zhu Yuanzhang was a powerful monarch who dared to challenge old habits. When historians Zhu Guozhen and Tan moved to the capital, Zhu Yuanzhang thought that Zhu Yuanzhang always hated old habits, which is what we call challenging hidden rules today. But no historian explained why Zhu Yuanzhang had such a mentality. Personally, it is mainly because Zhu Yuanzhang suffered from corrupt political and social habits or hidden rules of officialdom since he was a child. For example, corruption and bribery of officials was an open secret at that time, and the biggest victims were of course ordinary people at the bottom of society. They naturally hate corrupt bureaucrats and hidden rules, and Zhu Yuanzhang, who was born at the bottom of society, also has this idea. In this regard, the author brilliantly stated in the Ming Dynasty that Zhu Yuanzhang punished the American government in the Yuan Dynasty, but it was still very serious. Third, Zhu Yuanzhang was a monarch with a strong desire for power. During the Hongwu period, everything, big or small, had to be invited to him before it could be carried out. Once an official carries him to work, the consequences are unimaginable. Zhu Guozhen, a historian at the end of the Ming Dynasty, explained that although the grain tax had been printed in the air for a long time, Emperor Gao hated the old habits, and he had to interrupt everything before it could be implemented. There is no official order today, and punishment is imperative. Fourth, it is impossible to eradicate these hidden rules without severe punishment from the heavy fist of imperial stability. In the long run, a country's American rules and regulations will be in danger of being disrupted. Tan Qian, a historian in the Ming Dynasty, once commented on Zhu Yuanzhang's handling of the empty seal case: although there was no official in the empty seal case, its disadvantages could not last long, and the court had gone to hell to pay. However, Zhu Guozhen's statement is more positive: at that time, Jining had a registered population of 30,000 and paid taxes every year 1000 stone. By the year before Fang Keqin left office, the registered permanent residence in Jining had increased to 60,000, and the annual tax revenue had increased to 1.4 million stone. In just four years, the net increase rate of household registration in Jining is 100%, and the average annual net increase rate of tax revenue is 130%. In this way, there will be a good situation in which the wild is not hungry, the people have savings and the society is peaceful. Fang Keqin's Obama administration was based on moral education, but he didn't. Don't like quick success and instant benefit, pursue fame and fortune. He once said that if a politician goes to great pains to gain a good reputation, it will certainly bring disaster to the people. I really can. I can't take it anymore! Seeing this, people in China today are likely to express their feelings: most officials just show off verbally, do enough articles, and then secretly embezzle, prostitute and thief. This is a common sight in our society today, and it is also our good public servant. But this is not the case with Fang Keqin. Although he has become a municipal leading cadre, he still insists on living a simple life. He can't. I am reluctant to throw away a cloth coat that has been worn for ten years. If there is a meat meal every day, he will never eat meat again. In the early years of the Wu Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang brutally ruled the country, and many American civil servants and bachelors suffered losses and were hastily demoted. Once these suffering people pass by Jining, Fang Keqin always gives them some alms and comfort. Yongjiahou led his fleet to Beiping. When passing through Jining, it happened that the fleet in the dry season in the north could not pass. Zuqiang of Zhu Liang recruited 5000 servants to clear the way. Qin Fang couldn't stop it, so he had to pray for rain instead of slave labor. Strange to say, it really rained cats and dogs, and the water was several feet deep. That's great. Zhu Liangzu's American fleet suddenly passed, and ordinary people no longer have to do heavy work without me. For this reason, local people in Jining regard Fang Keqin as a god. In Shandong province, Jining municipal government ranks first among all levels of government in Shandong. Qin Fang's reputation as a good official spread gradually, and even the later Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang heard about it. He is very happy. In the eighth year of Hongwu, Fang Keqin visited Nanjing, the capital city, and was praised and praised by Emperor Hongwu. Zhu Yuanzhang, who has always been stingy, also specially hosted a banquet for Fang Keqin. However, it didn't take long for Fang Keqin, who became famous, to be assassinated by his colleagues. He was demoted to Jiangpu County, Guangdong Province, where he worked for nearly a year. When he was about to be released, a greater disaster befell him. In A.D. 1376, an empty seal case broke out in Wu Jiunian, and all the chief seal officials and political officials of local counties were implicated or killed. Fang Keqin, the former magistrate of Jining, was arrested for being implicated. Although Keqin, a good official, was unjustly killed because of the empty seal case, he objectively created Fang Xiaoru, a thinker who deeply reflected on autocratic monarchy and totalitarianism. We will describe it in detail in his book.