To talk about Nian Gengyao’s crimes, let’s start with Nian Gengyao himself.

Nian Gengyao.

Born in the 18th year of Kangxi (1679 AD), the Holy Ancestor of the Qing Dynasty (Aixinjueluo Xuanye); in the 4th year of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty (1726 AD), he was sentenced to death in prison at the age of 48 .

His courtesy name was Liang Gong and his nickname was Shuangfeng. He was originally from Huaiyuan County, Fengyang Prefecture (now part of Anhui), and was later transferred to the Xianghuang Banner of the Han Army.

He has been studying since childhood and is quite talented.

In the 39th year of Kangxi (1700 AD), he was awarded Jinshi at the age of 22.

He was promoted to a common scholar and was appointed to the Imperial Academy for review.

He has served as an examiner for rural examinations in Sichuan and Guangdong for many times, and has been a cabinet bachelor.

From the official position to the governor of Sichuan, the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and the general of Fuyuan, he was awarded the title of Taibao and first-class Duke. It can be said that high officials and nobles are all in one.

Planning strategies and galloping on the battlefield: he cooperated with various armies to quell the chaos in Tibet; he also led the army to quell Luobuzangdanjin in Qinghai; he made great achievements in many wars.

When he entered Beijing in the second year of Yongzheng (AD 1724), he received special favor from the emperor.

In the twelfth month of the lunar calendar in the third year of Yongzheng (AD 1725), the situation changed suddenly. Emperor Yongzheng demoted his official position and seized his title, and he was listed with ninety-two major crimes.

In the fourth year of Yongzheng (AD 1726), he was ordered to commit suicide in prison.

After giving an overview of Nian Gengyao, I would also like to briefly introduce his family background.

Nian Gengyao’s family background.

Regarding Nian Gengyao’s distant ancestor, the one who needs special introduction is his great-grandfather Nian Yuchun.

Nian Yuchun, whose surname was Yan, his father was a military general in the Yuan Dynasty. He died in the line of duty guarding Chuyang at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. After his father died, Yan Yuchun took refuge in Huaiyuan and lived in Zhetang Village, Xujiahe, in the north of the county. In the early Ming Dynasty, during the process of reporting household registration, naturalization and settlement, due to the local pronunciation, "Yan" was mistakenly changed to "Nian", so it was called Nian Yuchun. This is the beginning of the Nian family and the first ancestor of the Nian family in Huaiyuan, Anhui.

Nian Fu, the Minister of Household Affairs in the Ming Dynasty (strangely, Nian Gengyao actually named his son Nian Fu), was from the Nian Yuchun clan.

Nian Gengyao's father was a young man. He served as Bi Tie Shi, director of the Ministry of War, doctor of the Ministry of Justice, censor of Henan Province, minister of the Ministry of Industry, and governor of Huguang. He was also granted the title of first-class Duke and Taifu. (From this point of view, Nian Gengyao is a real second-generation official!)

Nian Gengyao’s elder brother, Nian Xiyao, served as minister of the Ministry of Industry, general minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and supervisor of the Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Factory. Zao; his elder brother was Fa Yao, who wrote the chronicles of Dingfan Prefecture; his other brothers were Ze Yao and Shu Yao, but the information is unknown.

Nian Gengyao's eldest sister Nianshi, her husband is Hu Fenghui [huī]. Hu Fenghui once served as Suzhou Weaver. He was dismissed in the first month of the fourth year of Yongzheng (AD 1726). The imperial court ordered Zhang Kai, the governor of Jiangsu, and Gao Bin, the successor of Suzhou Weaver, to investigate the weaving tariff money and grain during Hu Fenghui's tenure, and issue an edict to question him. On March 3 of the same year, On the tenth day, Nian, his concubine and three others committed suicide.

Nian Gengyao's second sister Nian Shi was the side friend of Emperor Yongzheng when he was in the vassal residence. After Yongzheng ascended the throne, he made her a noble concubine and gave her the posthumous title of noble concubine Dunsu. She gave birth to three sons and one daughter, all of whom died.

Nian Gengyao’s first wife, Nalan Xingde (son of Mingzhu, a great scholar, a famous poet in the early Qing Dynasty, is the originator of the now overused phrase “If life is only like the first time we meet”) author. )'s daughter.

Nian Gengyao’s stepmother: the daughter of Su Yan, the auxiliary Duke of the Manchu clan.

After talking about Nian Gengyao, why should we talk about his family background?

I want everyone to be clear that when looking at people, whether they are ancient people or modern people, they must be comprehensive and not stick to one end and use a point to describe the face.

The comprehensiveness mentioned here generally includes the following aspects:

First, knowing people and judging the world: To know people, you must first look at the era in which they live and the social environment. Look at the political atmosphere.

Second, we need to look at the family background: look at his grandfather and father; look at his brothers and sisters internally; look at his Taishan in-laws externally; and look at his sons and daughters below.

Thirdly, it depends on how he behaves: he must observe his superficial appearance; he must also gain insight into his secret methods.

Only in this way can we see clearly and thoroughly.

After talking about Nian Gengyao, let’s talk about the overview of his conviction.

Overview of Nian Gengyao’s conviction.

Nian Gengyao was very talented, relying on the emperor's preferential treatment and special treatment, and his repeated achievements in leading troops in wars. Therefore, he was arrogant, indulgent and tyrannical.

When Nian Gengyao wrote to various governors and governors, he directly named them.

Please ask the imperial court to send guards to accompany the army to guide you forward and backward when traveling, and let these people hold whips and stirrups for you.

When Nian Gengyao came to the emperor's court, he asked Governor Li Weijun, Governor Fan Shijie and others to kneel by the roadside to greet him. After Nian Gengyao arrived in the capital, he followed the emperor's path. It is not etiquette for the princes and ministers to go out of the suburbs to greet Nian Gengyao to show their solemnity and respect.

When Nian Gengyao was in the border area, the Mongolian princes and nobles had to kneel down when they visited him; even his concubine Abao had to do the same.

Nian Gengyao once recommended Hu Qiheng and Jing Hao, the chief envoys of Shaanxi Province, to the imperial court, saying that these two people could be entrusted with important tasks. The emperor immediately appointed Jing Hao as governor of Sichuan and promoted Hu Qiheng as governor of Gansu. After he impeached Cai Jue, the governor of Sichuan, Cai Jue was arrested and sentenced.

Nian Gengyao's servants Sang Chengding and Wei Zhiyao were all promoted repeatedly because they followed him in the army. Sang Chengding was promoted to chief envoy; Wei Zhiyao was promoted to deputy general.

Nian Gengyao also petitioned the imperial court to send dozens of generals to join the army, and the emperor agreed.

After Nian Gengyao went to court and the emperor returned, he immediately deposed Jin Nanying and others from the post road, and asked Ding Song, the chief of the army, to act as agent for grain road affairs.

All the above are external events that happened in Nian Gengyao. I guess Emperor Yongzheng was dissatisfied with Nian Gengyao for more than just one day or two.

Therefore, the emperor used the mistake in the memorial to reprimand Nian Gengyao, and ordered Hu Qiheng to lead the officials he had impeached to come to the capital for an audience.

In the first lunar month of the third year of Yongzheng (AD 1725), Cai Jue, the former governor of Sichuan, was arrested and taken to the capital. Emperor Yongzheng summoned Cai Jue to appear in court. When Emperor Yongzheng summoned him, Cai Jue described Nian Gengyao's cruelty and greed in detail, and also described Nian Gengyao's false accusations against officials.

Subsequently, Emperor Yongzheng issued a special decree to forgive Cai Jue's crime.

This iconic move showed that the emperor had publicly broken up with Nian Gengyao. Of course, it was also the emperor who was slapping Nian Gengyao hard on the cheek.

On the second day of the second lunar month in the third year of Yongzheng's reign (AD 1725), there was a strange phenomenon in the sky, and the so-called spectacle of the sun and moon uniting and five stars united with pearls appeared. For this reason, Nian Gengyao wrote a series of congratulations, including the words "be careful in the evening and work in the morning". Emperor Yongzheng was furious and said that Nian Gengyao had deliberately inverted the word. He said: "Nian Gengyao does not need to 'work in the morning and be alert in the evening' to make promises to me. Then, Nian Gengyao The military achievements established in Qinghai are still uncertain between my approval and disapproval. "

At this time, Hu Qiheng also returned to the court.

Hu Qiheng went inside to meet Emperor Yongzheng. Emperor Yongzheng used Hu Qiheng's memorial as a counterpoint and deprived him of his official position.

Then, Emperor Yongzheng ordered to renegotiate many military affairs involving the increase and reduction of officers and soldiers outside Dajianlu, and no longer adopt Nian Gengyao's suggestions.

In the fourth lunar month of the third year of Yongzheng (AD 1725), Emperor Yongzheng issued an order:

"The matters and personnel recommended and impeached by Nian Gengyao are very inappropriate; he sent soldiers , built the city in Nanping, but never cared about the local ethnic minorities during the process. As a result, these people panicked and caused trouble. Instead, he said that the surrendered people rebelled again and deceived the court; the Mongolian people in Qinghai suffered from famine, He concealed the disaster and failed to report it; he was negligent, derelict in his duties, ignorant and useless. He could not continue to serve as governor and was reassigned to general of Hangzhou." Immediately, Emperor Yongzheng ordered Yue Zhongqi to act as governor. He took the post and ordered Nian Gengyao to hand over the seal of General Fuyuan.

At this time, Nian Gengyao was probably not awake yet. He was still intoxicated with his own power. He was still convinced of his so-called "affection" with the emperor. Perhaps, he still had Various other thoughts...

After being replaced in his position, Nian Gengyao actually went to Shu and said:

"I dare not stay in Shaanxi for a long time, nor do I dare to rush to Zhejiang immediately. Now in Yizheng (now part of Jiangsu), where water and land meet, we are waiting for the imperial decree."

It is obvious that Nian Gengyao's behavior was, to say the least serious, disobeying the imperial order; to say the least naive. , he was waiting for Emperor Yongzheng to change his mind; to put it bluntly, he was still arrogant and putting on airs.

Nian Gengyao stopped midway and asked for orders from Shu, which angered Emperor Yongzheng even more. Emperor Yongzheng was extremely angry and ordered Nian Gengyao to immediately go to Zhejiang to take up his post.

As the trend of the court has changed, the emperor's intention has been made clear. In addition, due to Nian Gengyao's power and arrogance; due to Nian Gengyao's behavior, the accumulated dissatisfaction, jealousy, hatred, etc. have also begun to ferment and rise. , at this time, everything was very unfavorable to Nian Gengyao.

As the saying goes, everyone pushed down the wall. Suddenly, there were a lot of impeachments against Nian Gengyao in the court.

Shanxi Governor Yi Duli, former Shanxi Governor Fan Shijie, Sichuan-Shaanxi Governor Yue Zhongqi, Henan Governor Tian Wenjing, Minister Huang Bing, Honglu Shaoqing Dan Choushu, former Zhili Governor Zhao Zhiyuan and others interacted Write a letter to the emperor to expose Gengyao's crimes.

In addition, the ministers Shi Yizhi and Gao Qipei went to Shanxi to investigate and verify that Fan Shijie impeached Nian Gengyao for sending soldiers to surround Heyang Minba and kill innocent people. Discuss crimes separately.

At this point, the imperial court deposed Nian Gengyao from the post of General of Hangzhou and granted him the title of idle Zhangjing, descending from the second-class Duke to the title of Labulhafan.

The so-called worship of Labulhafan is also called worship of Labulhafan, a title, the seventh of the nine nobles in the early Qing Dynasty; the Chinese version was established in the first year of Qianlong (1736 AD) It is called "Qiduwei"; it is the second level of the four-level worldly rank below the five titles of duke, marquis, uncle, son and male; it is also divided into two levels, classified as the fourth rank.

Finally, all Nian Gengyao's positions were eliminated.

In the twelfth month of the lunar calendar in the third year of Yongzheng (AD 1725), Nian Gengyao was arrested and taken to the capital for interrogation.

Next, let’s talk about the specific investigation agencies that handled Nian Gengyao’s case.

Nian Gengyao case investigation agency

Nian Gengyao’s deeds and actions will be investigated and handled by Minister Wang, the Three Law Departments, and Jiu Qing.

1. Minister Wang

The so-called Minister Wang was an office established by Emperor Yongzheng before he established the Military Aircraft Department when he came to the throne; its full name is: Minister Wang for Prime Minister Affairs of the Qing Dynasty.

Second and Third Law Divisions

The so-called Three Law Divisions, the Qing Dynasty inherited the Three Laws Division system of the Ming Dynasty, and the judicial organs were still the Ministry of Punishment, Dali Temple, and the Metropolitan Procuratorate. But at this time, the functions and powers of the three agencies were completely different from those in the Ming Dynasty.

The Ministry of Justice in the Qing Dynasty was still the central judicial authority, but its scope of authority was far greater than that in the Ming Dynasty. It not only enjoyed the power of trial, but also had the power of review and execution of penalties.

In the Qing Dynasty, the status of Dali Temple was far inferior to that of the previous generation. Its main responsibility was to review cases proposed by the Ministry of Punishment to impose death sentences.

The Metropolitan Procuratorate is a legal and disciplinary supervision agency. It not only reviews death penalty cases, but also participates in autumn trials and hot trials. [During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was stipulated that every year from the tenth day after Xiaoqiu to the day before the beginning of autumn (the beginning of autumn) If it is within the sixth month, it will end on July 1st) If the weather is hot, any migration or cane punishment will be reduced, which is called "heat trial". 〕, and also supervise all officials.

Since criminal cases from other provinces are reviewed by the Ministry of Punishment, those who are not submitted for joint trial will not have any interference with the Metropolitan Procuratorate and Dali Temple. Those who should be tried for joint trial will also be drafted by the Ministry of Punishment. In the litigation and prison in the capital, regardless of whether If there is no memorial, all cases will be heard by the Ministry of Punishment. Therefore, among the three judicial departments, the Ministry of Punishment has particularly important powers.

3. Jiuqing

The so-called Jiuqing, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were different types of Jiuqing.

In the Ming Dynasty, Da Jiuqing was the Minister of the Six Ministries (Xing, Gong, Li, Li, Hu, Bing) and the Censor of the Ducha Yuan, Minister of Dali Temple, and General Affairs Envoy; Xiao Jiuqing was Taichang. Si Qing, Taipu Si Qing, Guanglu Si Qing, Zhan Shi, Hanlin Bachelor, Honglu Si Qing, Guozijian Jijiu, Yuanma Si Qing, Shangbao Si Qing.

In the imperial edicts of the Qing Dynasty emperors, the six ministries and nine ministers were often mentioned together, which shows that the six ministries were not included in the nine ministers. There are different opinions on which officials Jiuqing refers to. The Xiao Jiuqing refers to the ministers of Zongrenfu, Zhan Shi, Taichang Temple Minister, Taipu Temple Minister, Guanglu Temple Minister, Honglu Temple Minister, Guozijian Jijiu, Shuntian Fu Yin, and Zuoyou Chunfang concubine.

In the same month, after the investigation and deliberation jointly conducted by Minister Wang, the Three Law Divisions, and the Nine Ministers, Nian Gengyao was concluded and reported to the court. Nian Gengyao committed the following crimes:

The crime of treason 5 crimes;

9 crimes of deception;

16 crimes of transgression;

13 crimes of madness;

6 crimes of specialization;

18 crimes of corruption;

15 crimes of corruption;

6 crimes of taboo;

4 crimes of cruelty;

***92 crimes in total.

Next, let’s briefly talk about Nian Gengyao’s 92 major crimes.

Nian Gengyao’s 92 major crimes.

1. Five crimes of treason:

1. Conspiracy with Jing, Zou Lu and others;

2. Pay a memorial Zhu Pi deliberately hid the original copy of the edict, falsely claimed that it had been destroyed, and often dared to imitate it and submit it;

3. See the poem "Essays on the Western Expedition" written by Wang Jingqi from Zhejiang to ridicule the emperor, and his "Heroes" There are too many wildly contradictory words in "Not a Treatise" and cannot be impeached;

4. The family has twenty-eight pieces of chainmail, four thousand arrowheads, and privately stores lead (i.e., lead shot), all of which are prohibited military supplies. ;

5. Forged pictures and prophecies.

2. 9 Crimes of Bullying:

1. Being good at mobilizing officers and soldiers, arresting the Heyang Salt Owl, killing more than 800 innocent people. After an inquiry under the order, there was no evidence at the beginning. One person was injured, and six people were injured later;

2. Nanping official Bian built the city, indulged his private Bian Honglie and others, harassed and radicalized the people, and did not participate in the performance;

3. Fabricated the incident, and participated in the performance of Dutong Wuge and others who lost their temper in Zhenhai Fort (referring to the undisciplined march, which also pointed to the defeat of the battle);

4. When he was dismissed from Xi'an, he gave private instructions to Xianning Order Zhu Jiong, buy the person to keep;

5. Collaborated with Zhao Shihe to cheat, and ordered Liu Yitang to pretend to be the name of the late Zhao Xun, the martial arts magistrate who guaranteed the title, and went to Wugong County to take office, with clever decorations and equipment;

6. Zhang Taiji and his son, Zhao Shihe’s brother Zhao Qi, Yi’s brother Nian Fayao, and Gao’s Fu, etc., committed the 18th case and gained military merit;

7. His family member Wei Zhiyao has a fortune of hundreds of thousands of gold, and he has never accepted any bribes;

8. There are 62 people who serve in Xining, and 109 people are registered;

9. Retired Wang Zhiqi's name was used for military honors, and he was replaced by others and selected to be awarded Guangzhou Prefecture.

3. 16 crimes of trespassing:

1. When going out to fill the road with loess, the official will make up for it and clean the street;

2. When inspecting the military attache, use a green sign Introduction;

3. Set up a bed to sit in front of the Dragon Tablet of Huifu;

4. Good at wearing four-pane clothes and carrying a bag with a goose-yellow knife;

5. All clothes are wrapped in yellow bags;

6. Officials’ gifts are all respectful;

7. Izi wears four dragons to make up for the clothes;

8. Order Beixiang to kowtow to express gratitude for all items belonging to his subordinates;

9. Governor Li Weijun and Governor Fan Shijie knelt down to greet them and accepted them without hesitation;

10. Order Mongolia’s Zasak County The king's consort, Abao, knelt down;

11. The governor wrote and wrote the official book title;

12. When he came to the capital to see his majesty, he ordered the roads and bridges along the way to be closed;

13. Located in the mansion, the walls are painted with four-clawed dragons;

14. The drum hall of the gate is painted with four-clawed dragons, and the drummers wear satin python robes;

< p> 15. Privately make the general's order arrows, and then burn the general general's order arrows;

16. The reward reaches tens of millions, and the admiral kowtows in thanks.

4. 13 crimes of madness:

1. The two imperial edicts came to Shaanxi, but they were not read out or displayed;

2. Memorials When enlightening in the inner chamber, one does not wear court clothes to see him off;

3. The governor of the same city is not allowed to fire cannons;

4. Marry the daughter of the Seven Faiths of Mongol Baylor as a concubine;

5. Set up a position with guards, lead in front and follow behind, and order the stirrups to be dropped;

6. Refuse to hand over the seal of the general;

7. Falsely claim that the general has done it Everything should be done according to the customary rules;

8. Indulge the servant Wei Zhiyao and others, wear court clothes and make up for the clothes, and sit with Sidaotizhen;

9. In Yizheng place and stayed in violation of the order;

10. Ordered Wang Yongji, the commander-in-chief of northern Sichuan, to report to his old age;

11. Formed cliques with Shen Zhu, Dai Duo, and others who were engaged in chaos and deceit, and incited the public listen.

12. He protected Ma Deren, a private person, and prevented him from returning to Ganfu Shi Wenzhuo to participate in the impeachment memorial;

13. In the memorial book, he said that he would be alert in the morning and be alert in the evening, so he wrote that he would be alert in the morning and alert in the evening.

5. Six crimes of specializing in expertise:

1. Building a castle in Heyang County, not being able to issue inscriptions, and being good at issuing silver coins.

2. Invite the bodyguard Li Jun and others to the guard station, and they are not allowed to make up for it according to the order, and they will not be transferred back immediately;

3. Use private bills without permission 12,000 Thousands of sheets are used to draw 120,000 salt lines;

4. The salary donation in the second year of Yongzheng (AD 1724) will be suspended according to the decree, but public donations will still be made as usual;

5 , Li Qiansheng, who obtained the private salt, ordered the case to be closed;

6. He asked Dong Yuxiang to guard He Tianchong when he was sick and fill in the military affairs as usual; he asked Li Weijun to order Lu Zhuan to accept Wang Yunyou's loss.

6. 18 crimes of corruption:

1. Compensation for officials, receiving more than 400,000 taels of thanks;

2. Extortion of donations The personnel received an additional 240,000 taels of silver;

3. Zhao Zhitan was dismissed from his post and sent to the military camp, where he presented gold beads and other items worth more than 200,000 taels;

4. Received 10,000 taels of silver from Dou Jingrong from Lehuhu;

5. Received 10,000 taels of silver from Master Zeng of the Song Dynasty along with jade cups and other items;

6. Purchased various private items and sold salt tea without permission;

< p> 7. Privately occupied eighteen salt nests in Xianning and other places;

8. Received antiques from Ge Jikong, the young minister of Honglu Temple;

9. Accepted bribes from Fu Zeyu, knowingly If you are short, you cannot check;

10. Order service personnel from Xi'an, Gansu, Shanxi, and Sichuan provinces to pay four thousand taels of silver each;

11. Luan Tingfang, the prefect of the reform He wanted to take bribes and wanted to take them to Shaanxi Province;

12. The generals plundered various clothes and other items, and they were about to lose their possessions;

13. Privately conquered Xinfu in the second year of Yongzheng's reign (AD 1724) rented grain;

14. Obtained private salt from Puzhou Pan, valued at 10,000 taels, and took it into his own pocket;

15. Sent family members to sell horses in the fourth year of high school;

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16. He ordered his family member Yan Tai to send the horses to various towns in Xing'an and extort heavy prices; 17. He commissioned Zhu Shangwen, the magistrate of Zhuanglang County, to go to Huguang, Jiangsu and Zhejiang to sell Sichuan wood plants;

18. He ordered Ma Qilong to sell tea and received more than ninety-nine thousand taels of silver.

7. 15 crimes of erosion:

1. Pretending to sell more than 1,600,000 taels of military supplies to Sichuan and distributing an additional 560,000 taels of silver;

2. Pretending to sell Xining military supplies at a price of 470,000 taels;

3. Transporting 40,000 shi of rice to the army and selling it for more than 400,000 taels;

4. Embezzled more than 149,000 taels of salary from the 60th year of Kangxi (1721 AD) to the 3rd year of Yongzheng (1724 AD);

5. Built the Brongir city wall in his name. Counterfeit money and grain;

6. Hidden 88,000 taels of tax and silver from Kuiguan over the years, and sent an additional 50,000 taels of military supplies;

7. Seized private tea, More than 40,000 taels of silver were paid as fines and redemptions;

8. Misappropriation of the surplus from the Hedong Salt Administration to donate more than 56,000 taels of silver for repairs;

9. The cash was stored in Xi'an but not transported 10,000 shi of rice was fabricated and shipped to Xining, with a fake price of more than 46,000 taels;

10. The storage warehouses of Ningxia's various health centers consumed 14,000 shi without reporting it. He also left Ning with 15,000 taels of silver for horses and materials;

11. Misappropriated the remaining 16,000 taels of silver from city workers;

12. Purchased and stored salt Chang and other eight counties had rice and more than 15,000 taels of silver at floating prices;

13. Confiscated borax, madder and other items from Taer Temple, and privately revalued them at more than 14,000 taels;

14. Misappropriating the 10,000 taels of silver donated by Ji Tingzhao and others;

15. Cutting down the trees and plants on Zhuizhuishan, calling them for public use, and storing them.

8. Six taboo crimes:

1. The current employee is abused in his transfer, appoints a private person, and seizes the vacant commission;

2. Military The former officers and soldiers paid rations without first consulting the Ming and Jin Fu, in order to cause him to be convicted late;

3. General Chuoqi sent Zhao Cheng to discuss the military pay, and sent Zhao Cheng to lie about the non-accounting incident, in order to cause Yue Zhongqi to be imprisoned. Delay in military supplies. ;

4. Pinned Cheng Rusi, the prefect of Kuizhou, to sell illegal salt, killing and injuring many people;

5. Wanted to recommend Li Weijun as governor, and designed to trap the former governor Zhao Zhitan;< /p>

6. Suppress the six cases of military exploits including Zhongshu A Bing'an and others.

9. Four crimes of cruelty:

1. In the Heyang Salt Owl case, Cao Zhutou was presented for questioning. The county misinterpreted Cao Zhutou, a good citizen and an innocent person, which was not true. That is to say, killing in vain.

2. Imprisonment of Bi Tie Shi Dai Susuo for no reason;

3. Desperate to find a vacancy, Jin Nanying and other seven members were impeached for being mediocre and sick;

4. Tai Ji Ji Ji Ji Zha Bu and others were not well placed, causing Yi and others to suffer and lose their homes.

The above are the 92 major crimes committed by Nian Gengyao as verified by the trial agency.

Nian Gengyao’s 92 major crimes, the confession was clear and clear, the trial agency reported it, and the verdict was required according to the law.

The trial agency made recommendations on the verdict of Nian Gengyao’s Section 92 major crime.

All crimes of treason, regardless of whether they have been committed or not, will be punished without delay; those who are disrespectful will be beheaded; those who falsely convey the imperial edict will be beheaded; those who are treasonous and knowingly hide it will be beheaded; In addition, officials who interacted with and disrupted the government were executed; their wives and children were all assigned as slaves; all their property was confiscated and transferred to the officialdom.

Officials, etc., whoever deceives the public, raises objections, makes changes without authorization, and confuses the law shall be beheaded; those who create prophecies, demonic books, and evil words shall be beheaded; and those who privately grant public official positions to others shall be punished. Beheaded; anyone who forges tea and salt will be beheaded; any official from any yamen, large or small, who is out of town and submits a sealed official document to the imperial court, and the superior official orders someone to intercept it on the way; he will be beheaded; anyone who steals public money and food will be beheaded. , if the amount exceeds three hundred, both will be beheaded.

Any one of the above crimes would not be condoned by the imperial decree; however, Nian Gengyao committed ninety-two crimes. In response to this, all the civil and military ministers at home and abroad spoke in unison, expressing their shame and humiliation, and asked the emperor:

Nian Gengyao will be punished in a formal canon to apply for the law of the country;

His father, As well as the descendants of brothers, uncles, uncles and brothers, those who are over the age of 16 shall be executed according to the law;

Those under the age of 15, as well as mothers, daughters, wives and concubines, and sons’ wives and concubines, shall be given to meritorious officials. His family was a slave; he committed property crimes and entered the official position;

He still interrogated Nian Gengyao's evil deeds with his ministers, which made it clear to both China and foreign countries that all the ministers in the world were rebellious and unruly, bullying, greedy and cruel.

In response to the court's report on Nian Gengyao's case, Emperor Yongzheng issued an edict and made the final ruling.

Emperor Yongzheng’s final ruling on Nian Gengyao’s judgment.

Nian Gengyao's disobedience was obvious, but it was caused by his madness and confusion. Zou Lu is an ignorant villain. Although his feelings of conspiracy and rebellion are real, his deeds are not yet obvious. I commemorate Gengyao’s contribution to Qinghai. Unable to bear the death penalty, he handed over to the infantry commander Aqitu and ordered him to commit suicide.

I have long known that Nian Gengyao was stubborn and rebellious. Not only did he not obey the teachings of his father and brother, but he always regarded his father and brother as nothing. Nian Xia Ling and Nian Xiyao were both loyal and loyal. Those who are peaceful will be dismissed from their posts, their crimes will be forgiven, and all the rewards, royal pens, clothes and other items will be taken back.

Nian Gengyao had many sons, but those who were wealthy and acted with sincerity, similar to Nian Gengyao, were immediately beheaded. The remaining sons who were over fifteen years old were sent to the army in the smoggy areas near Yunnan and Guizhou in Guangxi. .

Nian Gengyao's wife was the daughter of the clan and was sent back to her mother's family.

All the family income of Nian Gengyao and his sons was confiscated and they entered the officialdom.

One hundred thousand taels of silver were sent to Xi'an and handed over to Yue Zhongqi and Tu Lichen to make up for various cases of infringement in Sichuan and Shaanxi during Gengyao.

His father, brothers and clan members will all be spared from being confiscated.

Among the Nian Gengyao tribe, those who are currently candidates for civil and military officials will be dismissed from their posts.

Nian Gengyao's direct descendants, who will reach the age of fifteen in the future, will all be sent away as usual. They will never be pardoned or allowed to return, nor will they be allowed to serve as officials.

Anyone who hides and raises Nian Gengyao's descendants will be punished as a party member and a traitor.

The cabinet clearly recorded it.

Zou Lu's writings were changed to standing beheadings; his brothers, nephews, and wives were sent to Heilongjiang and given to armored men as slaves.

The rest are exempted.

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