The preparation before construction is usually easily overlooked, but it is actually a very important part of the whole decoration process, especially for those who can't start with the first decoration. If the decoration is compared to a battle, the preparation before construction is to formulate a strategy. Only by mastering these strategic plans can the subsequent decoration be targeted and will not deviate.

1, preliminary preparation:

Before starting work, the most important thing is to know what your house wants, how much money you plan to spend to decorate it, and what kind of decoration method you choose.

(1) Fixed decoration style error:

Everyone must have rummaged through all kinds of decoration galleries and started looking for decoration templates before starting the decoration. But the mistake we usually make is that when looking at pictures, we will grab our favorite elements from various styles of cases and then use these elements in our own homes, so that the finally pieced home may lead to four differences.

It is recommended to collect your favorite elements according to the style index and collect elements according to the style, which can basically ensure that the final decoration style is not much different.

In addition, if you are not sure what style you like, I recommend that you can download a residential help (don't forget to give me the advertising fee), you can test your favorite decoration style for free, and recommend cases and galleries of real homeowners and designers according to your favorite style, which is still of reference value. This can be tested without logging in, and there is no need to worry about receiving all kinds of harassing calls in the future.

(2) Budget for fixed decoration of foundation pit:

Many people will spend a lot more than the original budget after the renovation is completed. The fundamental reason is that the budget is not detailed. For example, I only know that the decoration budget may be 200,000, but I don't know how to allocate this 200,000.

In order to avoid the situation that the final cost of decoration is too different from the budget, it is necessary to estimate the cost of each part, but many decoration websites collect personal information in the name of estimating the budget, and then sell the decoration information to the decoration company, and then you will continue to receive harassing calls from various decoration companies.

(3) Matters needing attention in determining the decoration method:

Looking for a decoration company or designer, all-inclusive, half-inclusive or clear-inclusive?

As for the concepts of all-inclusive, half-inclusive and clear-package, all-inclusive can be understood as all-inclusive for decoration companies, and you only need to pay for it yourself; Half of the main materials are bought, and the other half is given to the decoration company; Cleaning package from design to construction, from buying materials to finding workers.

Step 2 find a decoration team

(1) Negotiate with the decoration team.

After determining the decoration method, it is necessary to start screening decoration companies or designers. Screening designers or decoration companies can use the following methods.

First: neighbors and friends use it well, and the decoration style is also what you like. You can talk about it, and use it directly if it is reliable.

Second, look at the online word-of-mouth evaluation of users, including designer forums and some decoration platforms, and choose those with good word-of-mouth and relevant qualifications. Meet with the designer to see if the communication is smooth and whether you are familiar with the design and technology, so as to judge whether you can get your own needs and whether you are professional enough. It's best to find the site where they installed it, and go to the site for a field trip if it's convenient.

(3) Measuring room:

You can measure yourself if you can, and you can take photos of each room if you don't want to measure.

Many decoration companies will measure rooms for free in order to store customers, but some of the preliminary design drawings are free and some are charged. Please be clear.

In addition, some companies charge according to the interior area, and some charge according to the construction area. What needs to be asked clearly is that it is generally more reasonable to calculate according to the area inside the sleeve.

(3) Visit the building materials market:

Whether it is all-inclusive, half-inclusive or clear-inclusive, especially half-inclusive and clear-inclusive, you can take time to go to the building materials market to see the main materials and accessories. You can also refer to some professional knowledge websites, such as Zhihu, or articles and videos of building materials purchase shared by designers on the decoration platform, to help you understand all kinds of decoration building materials knowledge more quickly and know fairly well.

3, determine the decoration scheme

The decoration style and materials here are not much to say. Let's focus on spatial planning. If it is not planned in advance, it will be difficult to change after renovation. Of course, these professional designers will consider you in advance when communicating with you.

(1) porch planning

Do you need porch partition design?

Are you considering setting up a porch cabinet, customizing it or buying finished products?

If you plan to install a smart shoe cabinet later, you should reserve a socket point in the porch.

Are there any special requirements for the porch floor?

(2) Room dining room planning

Is the refrigerator for the kitchen or the restaurant? If it's for the restaurant, you need to increase the number of outlets in the restaurant.

Whether to buy vertical air conditioner, wall-mounted air conditioner or central air conditioner is related to wiring, point setting and whether to suspend the ceiling.

Whether to install TV or projector, relationship wiring and dot arrangement

The number of outlets in the guest restaurant can be reserved appropriately. In addition to charging the mobile phone, there are also charging positions such as sweeping robots and mopping machines.

Whether to work in the living room depends on the socket point.

Does the living room need to add storage design?

Does the restaurant need sideboards, wine cabinets, display cabinets, customized or finished products?

(3) Kitchen planning

Whether to install garbage disposal or kitchen utensils, the relationship point setting.

According to the relationship between integrated stove and range hood, the cabinets are planned separately.

Whether to buy an oven or a steaming oven, whether it is embedded or desktop, and how big it is embedded are all related to the reserved point and location.

Whether to buy a dishwasher, disinfection cabinet, embedded or desktop, how big the embedded one is, and the relationship between the reserved point and the location.

You can leave as much space as possible in the kitchen for small kitchen appliances such as microwave ovens, rice cookers and electric kettles.

Kitchen moving line planning

Is gas water heater or electric water heater installed?

(4) Toilet planning

Whether to install smart toilet or smart toilet cover, and see whether to reserve socket points.

Whether to install smart bathroom mirror and see whether to reserve socket points.

Is the toilet wall-mounted?

Is the shower hidden?

Is the bathroom dry and wet or water-stopping?

Are the washing machine and dryer in the bathroom?

Is Yuba installed?

Is there a bathtub installed?

(5) Bedroom planning

Is the wardrobe customized or finished?

Whether to install a double control switch, you don't need to get out of bed to turn off the lights.

It's best to leave a socket opposite the bed where you can plug in electric mosquito coils.

Whether to do office/homework in the bedroom, whether to leave a socket point.

Have you installed a TV or projector?

(6) balcony planning

Do you put the washing machine and dryer on the balcony?

Did you hit the cabinet?

Can open balcony be sealed?

How does the living room and balcony transition? Do you need a glass door?

Step 4 sign a contract

(1) Additional clauses should be clear: some projects of the all-inclusive decoration company are not included in the contract (such as ceiling, background wall, space decoration, etc.). ), which are called add-ons. When signing the contract, it should be clear that the total additional amount should not exceed 5%- 15% of the total budget.

(2) Signing a contract for material details: The material details in the contract need to indicate the type, brand, model, specification, color and dosage. When materials enter the site, they should be inspected to prevent inferior quality.

(3) Construction drawing into the contract: the construction project in the contract shall be consistent with the construction drawing. Construction drawings include room plan, elevation, top view, water and electricity diagram, etc. If the construction project does not conform to the design drawings, the owner may ask for rework. These construction drawings, especially hydropower drawings, should be well preserved, and later hydropower problems should be repaired.

Second, the hard installation construction

Hard fitting construction is related to the quality of house decoration, and it is also a very important part of the whole decoration. However, all hard-fitting construction processes have relevant standards. As long as the construction is carried out with reference to relevant standards, there will generally be no major problems.

1, construction disclosure

(1) Precautions for project disclosure: The owner, designer, supervisor and foreman shall be present at the same time.

Designer: Before construction, the designer will bring the "disclosure materials" to the construction site, explain the drawings to the constructor, and determine the constructability of the drawings. Drawings include the original structure drawing, structural demolition drawing, plane furniture layout drawing, floor layout drawing, wall three-dimensional modeling material drawing, ceiling layout drawing, strong and weak current circuit diagram, waterway drawing, Kai Guanchang socket point bitmap, etc.

Construction party: Provide "Construction Schedule" and "Node Acceptance Sheet" to facilitate the owner to control the nodes and accept them.

(2) Precautions for finished product protection:

Protective films need to be attached from the elevator door to the entrance wall and ground.

Both inside and outside the gate need protection.

Strong and weak electricity boxes and gas meters need finished product protection.

The box, toilet and drain cover need finished product protection.

Remember to protect the finished product after the tiles and floors are pasted.

2. Structural transformation

(1) Matters needing attention in wall demolition and reconstruction:

Before tearing down the wall, it must be reported to the property for approval.

The load-bearing wall must not be removed.

The top beam cannot be removed.

When removing and renovating, avoid walls with gas and heating pipes.

Angle steel or concrete beams are used as new door beams.

The new wall needs to be reinforced with Rachel.

(2) Material approach and acceptance:

When the materials enter the site, the owner should check the brand, quality and quantity of the materials, and also see whether there is color difference on the walls and tiles.

3, hydropower engineering

(1) hydropower construction steps and matters needing attention:

Pay attention to the principle of "water goes up to the sky, electricity goes down to the ground", the water pipe goes to the ceiling, and the strong and weak electricity goes to the ground as far as possible, and the strong and weak electricity cannot cross (the parallel distance is greater than 30cm).

When opening the tape, avoid the reinforcement. You can move it up and down and even change its position. It is forbidden to break steel bars.

The length of pipes with transverse grooves on the wall should not exceed 100cm.

It is forbidden to share water and electricity in the same tank, and the depth of the water and electricity tank is 1.5 times the pipe diameter.

The conductor capacity in the conduit cannot be greater than 40% of the conduit.

The wiring of air conditioner, water heater and steamer is generally 4 square copper cores.

Pipe benders should be used for PVC conduits with diameters less than 25, so as to avoid dead bending at right angles.

It is necessary to check that there should be no dent in the corner of the casing, and it is difficult for the wire to pass through if there is dent.

The parallel distance between wires and heating, water pipes and gas pipes is greater than 300mm, and the crossing distance is greater than 100mm.

Strong and weak current cannot be worn in the same tube (network cable and wire cannot be worn in the same tube, otherwise strong and weak current will interfere with each other and affect the normal work of network cable).

(2) waterproof engineering construction steps and matters needing attention

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The surface of the base should be smooth, solid and clean, without floating ash and oil pollution.

For the water pipes buried in the wall, a groove larger than the pipe diameter should be chiseled, plastered and painted with waterproof paint.

If the original drainage pipes and floor drains are changed during renovation, waterproof measures must be strengthened around them.

The waterproof height of toilet is 1.8m, and the waterproof coating for non-shower wall is not less than 30cm in principle.

The closed water test shall be carried out after the last coating of waterproof coating 12 hours, and the waterproof coating shall be firmly combined with the original structure of the base.

4. Masons

(1) Floor tile paving process

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(2) the wall tile paving process

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(3) Precautions for tiling

Vitrified tiles should be soaked in water for more than 2 hours before pasting, and glazed tiles should be soaked in water for more than 12 hours before pasting.

To arrange in advance, on the one hand, we can make rational use of leftovers to reduce waste, on the other hand, we can place half a brick in a hidden place in the room without affecting the appearance.

Tile paving adopts "wall pressing" technology, which makes tile closure more beautiful and can improve waterproof rate.

The slope of the toilet surface water should be controlled at 1%-3% to ensure the timely discharge of sewage.

After completion of bricklayer's construction, water and electricity warning stickers should be used and marked on the outside of ceramic tiles along the direction of water and electricity to prevent accidental damage to concealed works when cabinets and sanitary ware are installed in the later period.

5. Product scale

At this time, you can prepare for the demand of customized kitchen cabinets, range hoods, bathroom sanitary ware and customized furniture. The choice of custom furniture and bathroom can be discussed as a special topic, which was mentioned in the previous article and will not be expanded here. You can also write privately if you have any questions.

6. Oil workers

(1) wall painting process and matters needing attention

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If the wall foundation is not handled well, there may be cracks, peeling, bulging and mildew on the wall surface.

Before painting, the base needs to be smooth and clean. For rough room walls with putty, it is necessary to remove the industrial putty layer of the developer.

For uneven walls, plaster should be used for leveling, so that the error of walls is less than 3 mm

Anti-crack treatment is needed at the junction of new and old walls, at the junction of different grass-roots units and at the slotting construction site of walls.

The thickness of the batch of putty scraping is generally between 0.8-1.5 mm. Too thick scraping will cause empty drum, and too thin scraping will cause powder removal.

Just after brushing latex paint, blowing it directly through the window may make the surface and bottom of latex paint dry at different speeds, leading to cracking.

7. Woodworking

(1) Floor installation process

Solid wood floor installation process:

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Installation process of solid wood composite floor:

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Precautions for floor installation:

Generally, the floor should be installed from the half facing the door first, so as to avoid sawing to a conspicuous position because the floor size is inconsistent.

Before the ground is laid, the ground should be covered with moisture-proof film, and the moisture-proof film should be restored to 50 mm

Floor pavement needs to be installed by gluing process, and complete gluing is easy to bring trouble to later maintenance.

(2) Installation technology and matters needing attention of skirting line

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Use matching clips for installation. It is best not to use styrofoam, structural adhesive or nail gun for installation.

(3) Matters needing attention in installation of wooden door cover

Door frame lines should be horizontal and vertical, and the door should be consistent with the door frame, otherwise the door will not close or the gap is too large.

The joint between the door frame and the wall should be embalmed and filled accordingly.

There should be a gap between the door and the ground to avoid the expansion and deformation of wood in summer and the difficulty of opening and closing. Of course, the gap should not be too big, which will affect the sound insulation effect.

8, finished product installation

(1) Precautions for installation of kitchen cabinets, countertops and cookers

When installing cabinet hardware, it is necessary to drill holes in the wall. Be sure to avoid the position of the water pipe in the wall to avoid water leakage. At the same time, pay attention to avoid cracking of wall foundation such as ceramic tiles when drilling.

It is best to coordinate the property to turn on the gas before the cabinet is installed, because the gas stove needs to be tested after installation.

(2) Precautions for Installation of Sanitary Ware in Bathroom

Ensure the tightness of sanitary ware pipeline interface.

When the drain plug is connected with the washbasin, the overflow hole of the drain plug should be aligned with the overflow hole of the washbasin as far as possible to ensure the overflow part is smooth, and the upper end face of the drain plug should be lower than the bottom of the washbasin after plugging.

(3) Precautions for installation of aluminum gusset ceiling in kitchen and bathroom

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The main keel spacing of aluminum gusset plate installation shall not exceed 1200mm.

The horizontal error of gusset ceiling shall not exceed 5 mm.

(5) Precautions for installation of lamps, switches and sockets

The insulating shell of the lamp holder should not be damaged or leaked, and the lamp holder with switch and switch handle should not have exposed metal.

The light wire of the catenary lamp should not be pulled, and the light wire should be woven with the catenary.

The deviation of the center line of lamps and lanterns installed in rows in the same room or place should not be greater than 5 mm

9. Accept

Although the acceptance is at the end, it should be noted that the construction projects are accepted one by one, not the final unified acceptance. Acceptance one by one can find the problems in construction in time and make corresponding adjustments, so as to avoid the need for major changes and adjustments in the final acceptance.

Special attention should be paid to the acceptance of hydropower and waterproof projects during the acceptance process, and the cost of rework in this later period is too high. Attention should also be paid to the acceptance of these three kinds here.

Waterway acceptance: the test value is 65438+ 0.5 times of the working pressure, and it is qualified if it is pressurized by a press and the pressure drop does not exceed 0.05MP within 30 minutes.

Circuit acceptance: use an electric pen to test whether there is electricity on each socket panel, and whether there are problems with all switches, sockets and main electrical valves in the house. Pull down the socket switch in the main switch box, and the indicator light will go out. Test several times often.

Waterproof acceptance: Waterproof acceptance mainly passes the water closing test, closing the doorway and sewer, filling the toilet floor with water to a height of 3-5cm, and marking it. If the water level does not drop significantly within 24 hours, especially the roof of the downstairs home does not leak, waterproofing is qualified.

Third, soft configuration.

After the hard clothes are washed, it is the turn for soft clothes, finished furniture and home appliances to enter the market. In fact, the main test of soft clothing collocation is color collocation, which has been analyzed in a special article before. You can have a look in my column and make a brief summary here.

1. Don't have more than three colors in the room.

2. Follow the color matching rule of 7: 2.5: 0.5.

7 means that the base color accounts for 70%, 2.5 means that the theme color accounts for 25%, and 0.5 means that the ornament color accounts for 5%.

3, low saturation Mo Landi color matching is not easy to make mistakes.

Fourth, check in

After decoration, it needs to be dried for at least half a year before moving in, and the environmental protection materials also have formaldehyde content. Although floors, cabinets, wardrobes, etc. Independent compliance with environmental standards, due to housing environment, material accumulation and other factors, the overall formaldehyde content may exceed the standard. The most important ways to reduce formaldehyde content are ventilation, air exchange and air exchange.

The above is a detailed description of the decoration process. Decoration is a systematic and tedious project. Supplementing the knowledge of decoration system and being good at using various reference tools for decoration can help you avoid detours and make the pretend house closer to your ideal home. Finally, I hope everyone can install a house that they are satisfied with.