Marine shipping operation process

1. Preparing the booking order

1. The booking order is made based on the order form provided by the cargo owner using the shipping paper. The items that need to be filled in are: SHIPPER, CONSIGNEE, NOTIFY, POR, MARKS&NOS, QUANTITY, DESCRIPTION OF GOODS, GROSS WEIGHT IN KILOS, MEASUREMENT, TOTAL.

2. After completing the above content, indicate the shipping terms. Enter the agent's phone number and fax number in the upper right corner of the booking form, stamp the agent's official seal, and send it to the shipping company.

Note:

1. The documents must be complete.

The documents that the cargo owner must provide include: a copy of the contract (sales confirmation, proforma invoice) as a quantitative quotation. 2. As a sales confirmation. 3. Allow the buyer to apply for input license and foreign exchange license. and issuance of a letter of credit), at least one original packing list, at least one original invoice, and an original export foreign exchange collection verification form. If the exported goods require customs supervision conditions, corresponding documents must be provided.

2. If the documents provided by the owner have been prepared, they can be reviewed from the following aspects:

A. Whether the size and weight shown on the contract, consignment and packing list, and invoice are correct consistent.

B. Whether the amount and currency shown on the contract, entrustment, packing list, and invoice are consistent (the contract amount is not less than the invoice amount).

C. Whether the invoice number shown on the contract, entrustment, packing list, and invoice is consistent.

D. Are the contract numbers displayed on the contract, entrustment, packing list, and invoice consistent?

E. No alteration is allowed on the original documents.

F. The contract cannot be handwritten, otherwise it will be reprinted with a typewriter.

3. If the documents provided by the owner are blank, they can be printed according to the following items:

A. The main contents of the packing list are wheat head, invoice number, contract number, Loading port, unloading port, product name, specifications, quantity, gross weight, net weight.

B. The main contents of the invoice are the mark, contract number, invoice number, loading port, unloading port, description of the goods, quantity, unit price, and total price.

2. Transfer of customs declaration documents

After receiving the shipping company’s port notification, retrieve the unloading paper. Before 3 pm on the day before the port collection, call the Freight Department of the Port Authority to make a port collection plan and prepare a cargo slip (in triplicate).

A. The documents transferred to the customs broker include packing list, invoice, contract, entrusted customs declaration agreement, customs declaration form, shipping paper, contact sheet (in duplicate), and documents related to customs supervision conditions. , 1 copy of each of the above documents.

B. Documents numbered 1, 2, and 3 must be provided by the cargo owner.

C. Entrusted customs declaration agreement (a copy is also acceptable), stamped with the official seal of the exporting unit in the prescribed format, and fill in the corresponding content.

D. Delivery paper. On the basis of the aforementioned booking form, add the ship name, voyage number, and bill of lading number in the corresponding positions. The description of the goods must be marked in Chinese. For customs declaration, you only need to provide the bottom copy of the loading order and receipt, and the upper right corner of each copy All documents must be stamped with the agent's seal. The unloading paper loading list should be stamped with the signature of the shipping agent of the ship.

E. Contact form. The contact form is a document used by the agent to contact the customs broker. It lists the documents and the number of copies that the agent will transfer to the customs broker. Before transferring the documents to the customs broker, a contact form in duplicate should be filled in and the documents should be transferred to the customs broker. After the trip, one copy should be signed by the relevant personnel of the customs broker for archiving.

F. The contract, packing list, invoice, customs declaration form, license, and commodity inspection certificate should be kept before being transferred to the customs broker.

3. Confirm the bill of lading

A. Before preparing the bill of lading, you should pay attention to whether the cargo owner has any special requirements. Under normal circumstances, the cargo owner will indicate it in the entrustment.

B. If you are required to sign with "SHIPPED ON BOARD" displayed in the bill of lading, you should pay attention to the upper and lower signatures (one of them should be signed next to SHIPPED ON BOARD).

C. If backdating or pre-lending is involved, you should confirm with the shipping company in advance whether it is acceptable. If it is acceptable, you should fill out the letter of guarantee and fax it to the cargo owner, have him stamp his official seal, and then return it. Provided by the agent to the relevant shipping company.

The opinions are as follows:

A. If the freight forwarder declares customs as an agent or accepts customs declaration on behalf of others, the original export foreign exchange collection verification form must be provided. Otherwise, the freight forwarder does not need the export foreign exchange collection form of the cargo owner. Verification form.

B. The amount of the invoice can be greater than the amount of the contract. This is because there are common clauses in import and export contracts regarding overload and short shipment, unless there is no such clause in the contract or the customer's L/C clearly stipulates that if the actual delivery amount is greater than the contract amount, payment will be refused.

3. Shipping companies generally do not do LCL cargo. They are operated by specialized LCL companies, which combine the goods of each cargo owner into one container and then book the space with the shipping company. The LCL company and the shipping company make the booking. The shipping space is in terms of CY-CY, while the cargo owner and the LCL company have agreed on "CFS-CFS" and "LCL-LCL" terms. The shipping company only issues one set of bills of lading to the LCL company, and will not issue multiple sets of bills of lading with "CFS" -CFS" clause of the bill of lading is given to the direct customer, and the LCL company then issues its own company's freight forwarding bill to the customer. Therefore, there is no shipowner's bill for LCL cargo, and the bill of lading issued by the LCL company can only be regarded as the shipowner's bill by default. The destination port agent listed on the LCL company's bill of lading is generally the company's own agent, not the shipping company's.

Manifest

:

The manifest is prepared by the shipping company or shipping agency. If it is H B/L, the SHIPPER can be different, simply Speaking of, it has two functions:

1. When a ship intercepts or sails, the shipping company makes a manifest based on the content of the bill of lading last confirmed by the customer. The most important thing is the description of the goods (number of pieces) , weight, product name, etc.), and then transmit it to the customs in the form of EDI. When the consignor finally refunds the tax, the customs declaration content of the goods must be consistent with the manifest, otherwise the tax refund will not be possible. If this happens, you can either change the customs declaration and get a tax refund based on the contents of the manifest, which is simpler; or you can change the manifest, which is very troublesome and requires a lot of documents and a certain fee, and then goes through SHIPPER, customs brokers, and shipping companies. , stamped by the shipping agency, and finally submitted to the customs in paper form for changes.

2. It is the cargo data of the shipping company that accompanies the ship. It can be understood as a bill of lading within the shipping company. When the ship arrives at the destination port, it needs to declare the cargo status and its cargo description to the customs at the destination port accordingly. It must be consistent with the bill of lading held by the consignee, otherwise it will be difficult for the consignee to clear customs and pick up the goods at the port of destination.

Delivery order (delivery order)

The delivery order is exchanged by the consignee to the carrier or its agent with the original bill of lading or a copy of the bill of lading together with a valid guarantee, and can be loaded and unloaded at the port. Voucher for the department to pick up the goods.

Attachment: Types of bills of lading

Shipped bill of lading shipped or board b/l refers to the bill of lading issued by the carrier to the shipper that the goods have been shipped.

Received for shipping bill of lading or bill of lading received for shipping b/l refers to the bill of lading issued when the carrier has received the goods but has not yet loaded them on the ship.

Direct b/l refers to the bill of lading issued after the goods are loaded from the loading port and then sailed directly to the unloading port for unloading without changing ships.

Through b/l refers to a bill of lading issued by the carrier at the loading port that can be transported by transshipment to the destination port.

Multimodal transport bill of lading mt b/l refers to a bill of lading that is applicable to the entire transportation process and is signed for joint transportation of goods by two or more modes of transportation such as sea, inland waterway, railway, road, air, etc.

Liner bill of lading liner b/l A liner is a ship that continuously carries cargo between specified ports on a certain route according to a published timetable. Liners can be divided into scheduled and irregular routes.

Charter party b/l generally refers to the bill of lading signed by the shipowner to the charterer, or not all of the charterer's goods are shipped on a chartered ship, but A bill of lading issued by the shipowner or charterer.

Named bill of lading straight b/l A bill of lading in which only the consignee named on the bill of lading can take delivery of the goods, and is generally not negotiable.

Instructions for bill of lading order b/l usually include unlisted instructions (just write order) and listed instructions (order of shipper or order of consignee**company; order of **bank). This type of bill of lading can be transferred after being endorsed by the instructing party.

Bearer bill of lading blank b/l or open b/l There is no consignee or order word in the bill of lading, that is, any holder of the bill of lading has the right to take delivery of the goods.

Clean b/l When the goods are delivered, the surface condition is in good condition. When the carrier issues the bill of lading, the carrier does not add any comments indicating damage to the goods, poor packaging or other issues that would hinder the settlement of exchange.

Unclean bill of lading foul b/l When the goods are delivered, if the packaging and surface condition are not solid and complete, the ship can make an annotation, which means it is an unclean bill of lading.

Parcel receipt or non-negotiable receipt is suitable for small quantities of goods, luggage or samples, etc.

Minimum freight bill of lading or minimum bill of lading minmum b/l If the freight does not reach the minimum amount stipulated in the freight rate, it will be charged according to the minimum freight specified.

Combined bill of lading omnibus b/l or combined b/l. Different batches of goods are combined on one bill of lading, or different batches of the same liquid cargo are loaded in one tank and several bills of lading are issued. When doing so, the former is called a consolidated bill of lading, and the latter is called a consolidated bill of lading.

Saparate b/l A batch of goods, that is, goods with the same loading list, can be divided into 2 or more sets of bills of lading according to the requirements of the shipper.

Expired bill of lading stale b/l The date when the exporter submits the bill to the bank for settlement of foreign exchange is too far away from the date of shipment and sailing, so that the bill of lading cannot be delivered to the consignee at the destination port before the ship arrives at the destination. Banks generally do not accept this kind of bill of lading.

Export Foreign Exchange Verification Form"

refers to the form issued by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange and filled in by the export unit, the entrusted bank and the paying bank. The customs accepts customs declarations based on this, and the foreign exchange management department This is a sequentially numbered voucher for the verification of foreign exchange collection (the verification form is accompanied by a stub)

Steps

1. The export unit that opens an account applies for the verification form of export foreign exchange collection for the first time ( (hereinafter referred to as the "verification form")), you must go to the foreign exchange bureau for registration with the following materials:

1. Unit introduction letter, application form;

2. Foreign economic and trade department approval for business progress Original and copy of export business approval document;

3. Copy and copy of industrial and commercial business license;

4. Enterprise legal person code certificate and copy;

5 , A copy of the customs registration certificate;

6. A copy of the export contract;

7. Foreign-invested enterprises should bring the original and copy of the foreign-invested enterprise approval certificate.

p>

In addition, when applying, you should ensure that the electronic port IC card has been activated

The foreign exchange bureau will handle the registration procedures for the export unit after reviewing the above materials.

II. , Obtaining the Invoice

Before starting the export business, the export unit shall apply to the Foreign Exchange Bureau to obtain the invoice with the letter of introduction from the unit and the export verification officer certificate (now the seal card of the account opening unit). When receiving a verification form, the name of the unit should be filled in or stamped with the company's official seal in the "Export Unit" column of each verification form on the spot.

The cancellation form shall be valid for customs declaration within two months from the date of receipt. The export unit shall return the unused verification form to the foreign exchange bureau for cancellation within one month from the date of expiration.

The export unit shall complete the verification form. The sales order should be consistent with the relevant contents recorded on the customs declaration form for export goods.

3. Customs declaration

The export unit holds the verification form and related documents that are within the validity period and stamped with the official seal of the export unit. Documents for customs declaration procedures.

4. Submit the counterfoil

After the export unit handles customs declaration, it shall submit the certificate within 60 days from the date of declaration with the verification form and the certificate issued by the customs with an anti-counterfeiting label and stamped by the customs. The export declaration form and foreign trade invoice with the "verification stamp" must be submitted to the foreign exchange bureau for submission of counterfoils.

5. Verification and write-off

The export unit shall, within 30 days from the date of receipt of foreign exchange, go to the foreign exchange bureau with the verification form and the "Special Form for Verification and Write-off of Export Foreign Exchange Collection" issued by the bank. Handle verification of export receipts.

6. How to deal with the loss of export foreign exchange verification form:

(1) If the status of the verification form is "unused", both the enterprise and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange can log in to the electronic port system Do the "Report Loss" operation;

(2) If the status of the verification form is "Used", the enterprise needs to contact the State Administration of Foreign Exchange to do the "Report Loss and Tax Refund Coupon" operation.

The verification form after the loss can no longer be used

7. Methods for reporting the loss of the verification form for export collection and the tax refund form for the verification form for export collection:

(1) Review materials

1. Application form of export unit with official seal of the unit;

2. Certificate of non-refund or tax repayment (provided if it has been written off) ;

3. The export unit’s verification list and the tax refund form of the export foreign exchange collection verification form (provided if the verification has been completed).

(2) Audit Principles and Precautions

1. Audit Principles

(1) The verification form that has been declared for export and has not gone through the verification procedures is lost. , the foreign exchange bureau should report the loss of the tax refund special copy of the verification form through the "China Electronic Port Export Collection System". After the export unit collects foreign exchange and writes it off, the foreign exchange bureau will issue an "Export Collection Verification Verification Form" within three working days. "Replacement Certificate of Special Coupon for Sales Order and Tax Refund" and stamped with the export foreign exchange collection verification and supervision business seal;

(2) If the verification formalities have been completed and the tax refund page of the verification form has been lost, the foreign exchange bureau shall review the issuance by the tax department At the same time, verify that the verification form has been written off, and report the loss of the tax refund special copy of the verification form through the "China Electronic Port Export Collection System", and the foreign exchange bureau will process it within three working days. A "Special Joint Replacement Certificate for Export Foreign Exchange Collection Verification and Tax Refund" will be issued to it and stamped with the export foreign exchange collection verification and supervision business seal.

2. Notes

The customs usage status of the verification form in the "China Electronic Port Export Collection System" should be "used".

(3) Processing procedures

1. The application shall be submitted by the export unit and approved by the Foreign Exchange Bureau;

2. Processed within three working days.

Customs transit is divided into import transit and export transit:

After the goods enter the country from the entry point, apply to the customs for transportation to another customs place (referring to the place of shipment), and go through the import customs The formalities are called import transit;

Going through the export customs formalities at a customs place in the country (the place of departure), and then transporting them to the place of departure, where they are supervised and released by the customs at the place of departure, are called export transit.

Example:

If the goods are in Lanzhou, they must be declared directly in Lanzhou. Because Lanzhou is not a customs territory and must go through the customs territory to complete customs clearance procedures, this batch of goods is regarded as goods under customs supervision. The goods are shipped to the designated customs territory for customs clearance (such as Tianjin). After the goods arrive in Tianjin, Tianjin Customs verifies the means of transportation, customs seals and customs transfer information provided by Lanzhou Customs. After verification, the goods are released. This is export customs transit.

In turn, the goods are landed from Tianjin and transferred to Lanzhou for customs declaration upon application by the buyer. With the approval of the customs, they are shipped to Lanzhou as transit goods and are declared at Lanzhou Customs after the goods arrive in Lanzhou. This is import transit.

Customs Clearance means that imported goods, exported goods and transshipment goods entering or exporting a country’s customs territory or national border must declare to the customs, go through various procedures prescribed by the customs, and perform various procedures. Obligations stipulated in various laws and regulations; only after fulfilling various obligations and completing customs declaration, inspection, taxation, release and other procedures, the goods can be released, and the owner or declarer can take delivery of the goods. Similarly, all means of transportation carrying imported and exported goods must be declared to the customs, go through customs procedures, and obtain permission from the customs when entering or exiting or transshipping. During the customs clearance period, whether the goods are imported, exported or transshipped, they are under customs supervision and are not allowed to circulate freely.