Sir isaac newton (January 4, 1643 ~ March 31, 1727), a member of the Royal Society, was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher and alchemist. In his paper "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" published in 1687, he described gravity and three laws of motion. These descriptions laid the scientific view of the physical world in the next three centuries and became the basis of modern engineering. By demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's law of planetary motion and his theory of gravity, he showed that the motion of ground objects and celestial bodies all follow the same natural law; Thus, the last doubt about the sun center was eliminated and the scientific revolution was promoted. In mechanics, Newton expounded the principle of conservation of momentum and angular momentum. In optics, he invented the reflective telescope, and developed the theory of color based on the observation that the prism diverges white light into visible spectrum. He also systematically expressed the law of cooling and studied the speed of sound. Mathematically, Newton and gottfried? 6? Leibniz shared the honor of developing calculus. He also proved the generalized binomial theorem, put forward the Newton method to approach the zero point of the function, and made contributions to the study of power series. In 25, the Royal Society conducted a poll on "Who is the most influential person in the history of science", and Newton was considered to be more influential than Albert Einstein.

according to the modern calendar, isaac newton was born on January 4th, 1643 at Elshorpe Manor in Elshorpe Village, a small village in Lincolnshire, England. When Newton was born, England did not adopt the latest calendar of the Pope, so his birthday was recorded as Christmas in 1642. Three months before Newton was born, his father, also known as Isaac, had just died. Due to premature birth, the newborn Newton is very thin; Rumor has it that his mother Hannah? 6? Ayscough once said that Newton was small enough to put him in a quart mug when he was born. When Newton was 3 years old, his mother remarried and lived in the home of the Reverend Barnabus Smith, and entrusted Newton to his grandmother Marjorie? 6? 1 Margery Ayscough. Young Newton didn't like his stepfather, and he held some hostility towards his mother because of her marriage to him. Newton even "threatened my parents named Smith to burn them down together with the house ..."

According to Men of Mathematics, E·T· Bell and An Introduction to the History of Mathematics (H. Eves) recorded: "Newton started his schooling in a rural school, and was later sent to King's Middle School in Grantham, where he became the best student. When he was in King's Middle School, he lodged with William Clarke, a local pharmacist, and was engaged to Anne Stahle, the pharmacist's stepdaughter, before going to Oxford University at the age of 19. Later, because Newton focused on his research and made love cool, Miss Stahle married someone else. It is said that Newton has a good memory of this love affair, but there have been no other romances since then, and Newton has never married. "

But according to William, a contemporary friend of Newton's? 6? 1 stukeley's Isaac? 6? According to the description in Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's Life, stukeley visited Mrs. Vincent after Newton's death, that is, Miss Stahle, Newton's lover. Mrs. Vincent's name is Catherine, not Anne, who is her sister (see Arthur Storer), and Mrs. Vincent only said that Newton was only "affectionate" to her when he was boarding.

From the age of 12 to 17, Newton studied in King's Middle School, and his signature can still be seen on the window sill of the school library. He dropped out of school and returned to Elshorpe village in October 1659 because his widowed mother wanted Newton to be a farmer. Although Newton obeyed his mother's wishes, according to Newton's peers, farming made Newton quite unhappy. Fortunately, Henry Stokes, the headmaster of King's Middle School, persuaded Newton's mother, and Newton was sent back to school to finish his studies. He finished his middle school studies at the age of 18 and got a perfect graduation report.

In June p>1661, he entered Trinity College of Cambridge University. At that time, the teaching of the college was based on Aristotle's theory, but Newton preferred to read some more advanced ideas of modern philosophers such as Descartes and astronomers such as Galileo, Copernicus and Kepler. In 1665, he discovered the generalized binomial theorem and began to develop a new set of mathematical theories, which became known to the world as calculus. In 1665, Newton got his degree, and the university was closed to prevent the Great Plague in London. In the next two years, Newton continued to study calculus, optics and the law of gravity at home.