Terauchi Masatake (てらうちまさたけTerauchi Masatake, February 24, 1852 - November 3, 1919), Japanese strategist, politician, and Prime Minister of Japan during the First World War (1916.10 -1918.9), field marshal. A native of Yamaguchi Prefecture. The third son of Shosuke Uda, and later the adopted son of Kan'emon Temple, he participated in the Boshin War. With the implementation of the "Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty", the Korean Empire came to an end, and the Korean Governor-General began a thirty-five-year colonial rule. The first governor was Terauchi Masaki.
After the Second Japan-Korea Agreement in 1905, South Korea became a protectorate of Japan. After Ito Hirobumi was assassinated in July 1909, the faction advocating the annexation of Korea became the mainstream of Japan's policy towards Korea. In July 1909, the Japanese Cabinet meeting decided on the policy of annexing Korea. Although the "Il Jinhui" led by Lee Yong-koo, Song Byung-jin and others appeared in South Korea and advocated the union of South Korea and Japan. "Korea-Japan Union" means the "merger of equals" between the Korean Empire and Japan, jointly creating a new nation, and borrowing Japan's capitalist development methods to support Korean local capital. However, the Japanese Communist Party ignored the "Korea-Japan Union" that entered the meeting, and the Unification Supervisory Office issued a ban on the Japanese speech. Japan officially annexed Korea on August 22, 1910.
In 1910, Prime Minister Lee Wan-yong of the "Korean Empire" and Japanese representative Masaki Terauchi signed the "Japan-Korea Merger Treaty". Since then, the Korean Peninsula has become part of Japan. The "Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty" was a treaty signed by South Korean Prime Minister Lee Wan-yong and Japanese representative Terauchi Masaki on August 22, 1910, permanently ceding Korea's territory to Japan, and on August 29, 1910 Take effect.
South Korea and North Korea believe that the treaty is based on the "Eulsi Protection Treaty" signed by the king of the Joseon Dynasty when the Japanese army forced the palace. Therefore, the two treaties "were invalid treaties when they were concluded." When the contract was signed, Joseon Sunjong refused to sign. Japan believed that the Japan-ROK merger treaty was in compliance with international law at the time.
The content of the merger treaty is: the emperor of the Korean Empire ceded all the ruling rights of Korea to Japan; Japan accepted the request of the Korean Empire and merged Korea into the Japanese Empire; Japan guaranteed , protect the dignity, rights and economic expenses of the old Korean emperor and royal family; Japan can bestow titles and honors on meritorious Koreans; Japan must protect the lives and property of Koreans and promote their well-being; Japan can recognize the new system , and Koreans with considerable ability were used as imperial officials.
Due to the implementation of the "Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty", the Korean Empire came to an end. Japan's Korean Unification Supervisory Office was restructured into the North Korean Governor-General's Office and became the organ that ruled North Korea. The Korean Governor-General's Office then began a thirty-five-year colonial rule. The first governor was Terauchi Masaki.
The failure of the Manchuria-Mongolia policy, the loss of power during the Japan-Russia alliance negotiations, and the sale of weapons were the results of three related events that led to the resignation of the Okuma cabinet. The Cabinet of Masaki Terauchi who came to power changed its China policy from military expansion to economic penetration. About three months before the Terauchi Cabinet was established, Japan and Russia signed an agreement to prevent third country forces from intervening in China and to protect their respective interests in China. . The will of Shan County plays an important role in this. It would have been better if policies had been formulated in accordance with this agreement when the Temple Cabinet was first established. The Terauchi cabinet adopted a neutral policy toward China. In January 1917, the cabinet made a resolution not to support a specific political party in China. However, due to changes in the international situation, this policy soon wavered.
The decisive event was that during the period when the parliament proposed a motion of no confidence in the cabinet and Terauchi dissolved the parliament, the February Revolution occurred in Russia. Japan's neutrality policy suffered a complete failure. The result was that Japan's *** was as clear as that of the Western powers. Expressed support for the Beiyang *** controlled by Duan Qirui. The most famous event during this period was the "Nishihara Borrowing". In China, after Yuan Shikai died of depression after failing to proclaim himself emperor, Duan Qirui relied on the support of provincial governors to squeeze out President Li Yuanhong, suppress Zhang Xun's restoration, and established the Beiyang Warlords. Soon, a military *** headed by Sun Yat-sen was established in the south, forming a situation of confrontation between the north and the south. Terauchi believed that this was a good opportunity to expand to China, but he did not make any explicit request for aggression against China like Okuma Shigenobu did. Instead, he accepted Nishihara Kamezo's suggestion and transferred Japan's domestic factors to China. The remaining funds from the sudden increase in the war were lent to Duan Qirui to expand Japan's political and economic rights in China through financial assistance. Nishihara Kamezo was a figure whom Temple met when he was the governor of North Korea. He mainly engaged in cotton and finance. He was regarded as his confidant because he gave him many suggestions. They became close friends, the officials in the temple worshiped the prime minister, and Xiyuan became the uncrowned minister. Since 1916, Xiyuan traveled frequently to China, inducing Duan Qirui to accept several Japanese loans, totaling up to 386 million yen. The direct effect of this loan was that the Beiyang *** succumbed to Japan and signed the " The Sino-Japanese Military Agreement on Defense of Enemies made China militarily subordinate to Japan. Japan still used Nishihara's borrowing tactics on the issue of China's participation in the war. Nishihara tried his best to get Duan Qirui to participate in the war, thus staged on the Chinese stage what appeared to be a dispute in China's political arena but was actually a government battle between Japan and the United States.
The result was that China was dragged into a world war, in which Japan gained the upper hand.
The temple cabinet has majority support in the parliament and attempts to strengthen the authority of the prime minister. Its "Bidken (non-constitutional)" nature can be seen in the issue of sending troops to Siberia. However, it was eventually caused by the riots in Japan. defeated by the mass movement.
The October Revolution broke out in Russia in November 1917, and disagreements arose in Japan over whether to participate in the war. Harahara agreed to send troops, but Yuan Jing of the Diplomatic Investigation Committee opposed it. In January 1918, the Japanese Communist Party sent a small number of troops on the grounds of protecting overseas residents. In July, the United States asked Japan and the United States to send troops together, with each sending 7,000 troops. On August 2, the Japanese government announced the dispatch of troops to Siberia, and as of October after the establishment of the next Hara Kei cabinet, Japan had sent more than 70,000 troops. In the process of deciding to send troops, the temple cabinet prohibited newspapers from publishing content opposing the dispatch of troops, and banned newspapers that published such articles. On July 30, before the order to dispatch troops was announced, more than 50 newspapers were banned across the country.
Terauchi Masaki's repressive measures aroused strong dissatisfaction in the press. On August 25, reporters from 84 newspapers across Japan held the "Kansai Journalists Conference" in Osaka. The resolutions of the meeting proposed: demanding the immediate resignation of the Terauchi Masaru Cabinet; demanding freedom of speech; supporting the establishment of the Communist Party of China, etc. "Osaka Asahi Shimbun" used the term "White Rainbow Pass" when reporting on the conference. *** The authorities prosecuted the newspaper on the grounds that "the news suggested revolution." As a result, the newspaper on the day when the news was published was banned; publisher and editor Yamaguchi Nobuo and reporter Onishi Toshio who wrote the news were sentenced to two months in prison; president Ryuhei Murayama was forced to resign; many people, including the editor-in-chief, were The editorial staff were forced to quit the newspaper: the "White Rainbow Pass" incident was the largest public opinion scandal in Japanese history. It shows that after the victory of the Russian October Socialist Revolution, in order to prevent the breeding and development of the domestic socialist movement, the Japanese Communist Party increased its vigilance and strengthened its control over public opinion.
The Great War *** Japan’s prosperity is indeed a golden world for the big bourgeoisie. However, with the soaring prices, falling real wages and increasing labor intensity, the living conditions of working people have deteriorated sharply. The dispatch of troops to Siberia caused the skyrocketing prices to rise further. Especially after the United States made a request for the country to send troops simultaneously, the price of rice soared, and grain exchanges across the country were forced to suspend trading. At the same time, the prices of iron, coal, paper and other daily necessities have also skyrocketed due to merchants hoarding goods. On August 3, the rice riots that broke out in Toyama Prefecture spread across the country, and the anger of the masses erupted, forming a nationwide movement that spread across three prefectures and thirty-eight counties. In April before sending troops to Siberia, Terauchi expressed his intention to resign to Yamaxian County on the grounds of poor health, but was retained by Shanxian County. However, as the rice unrest continued to expand, Temple had to use the military to suppress it. Both the ruling and opposition parties attacked him for his ineffective policies, and newspapers across the country launched an impeachment campaign against him. His patron Shan County also abandoned him at this time, and Terauchi was forced to resign, marking the end of powerless non-Communist politics and the arrival of an era when it was impossible to control the political situation without being based on the people. Temple died due to illness in 1919, the year after his resignation.