1, Cao Cao's character is very complicated in history. Chen Shou thinks that Cao Cao is "the best in the annals of the Three Kingdoms". "The magic of giving deals, the unique strategies of Korea and Belarus, and the official granting of materials are all their own devices, which are hypocritical and arbitrary and do not think about old evils." Cao Cao has been in charge of the army for more than 30 years, but he can't let go. He must be endowed when he climbs high. He is better at poetry, cursive script and Go. Live frugally and don't pay attention to clothes. Discuss with others, laughing and laughing. "Honor should be rewarded, generous daughter; Nothing can be done, nothing can be done. " He is a first-rate politician, strategist and writer in the history of China. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, these good aspects of Cao Cao's character and morality are ignored, while his cruel and treacherous side is exaggerated. Therefore, Luo Guanzhong's Cao Cao is a typical treacherous, cruel, willful and suspicious villain.

2. When writing this set of poems, Cao defeated Yuan Shao and his son, pacified Wuhuan in the north, and was full of ambition, optimism and self-confidence. At this time, he was 53 years old. Thinking of the journey of life, the poem begins with infinite emotion: "Although the turtle has a long life, there is still a time when it will eventually turn into dust." "Zhuangzi Qiushui" said: "I heard that Chu had a turtle and died at the age of three thousand." Cao Cao did the opposite, saying that the turtle lived for 3 thousand years, but it was still inevitable to die! "Everything goes wrong" records: "Flying dragons ride clouds, making snakes swim in fog, clouds stop fog, and dragons and snakes are the same!" "Teng snake" can ride like a dragon riding clouds and fog, and its skill can be described as great! However, once the clouds clear, they will disappear like flies and ants! In ancient times, Qin Huang Hanwu and other great masters were seduced by the art of immortality, but Cao Cao had a clear understanding of the natural laws of life, which was valuable in the era of predicting superstition. What is more valuable is how to treat this limited life? Cao Cao swept away the tragic tone of the literati at the end of the Han Dynasty who lamented that life was like a dream and advised people to eat, drink and be merry in time, and sang generously: "An old horse crouches and aims at a thousand miles. In the year of martyrs, go forward bravely. " Cao Cao compared himself to a galloping old horse. Although old and frail, he was demoted to the next position, but his chest was still full of lofty sentiments. He said that people who are interested in doing something will never be depressed in their later years, and the pursuit of grand ideals will never stop! This poem begins with a sigh about the philosophy of life, followed by a strong and intense singing, and then returns to philosophical speculation: "The period of surplus and contraction is not limited to the sky; The blessing that nourishes grace can last forever. " Cao Cao's outlook on life is quite dialectical. First of all, he talks about respecting the laws of nature, and people always die. Then it goes on to say that in a limited life, people should take the initiative and make contributions. Finally, people are not completely powerless in the face of natural laws. Although the length of a person's life cannot violate the objective laws, it is not completely given to God. If you take good care of your body and mind and make it healthy and happy, can you also prolong your life? Cao Cao's "pleasure in keeping fit" doesn't mean to sit still and sit back and relax, but rather that a person's mental state is the most important thing. He should not be depressed at the end of the year, but should be "full of courage"-he should have an endless pursuit of ideals and a positive spirit, always optimistic, energetic, constantly striving for self-improvement and maintain ideological youth. Cao Cao revealed the significance of human spiritual factors to health through personal experience. In this respect, it is not a wonderful health theory!

The more valuable value of Although Returning to Hands lies in that it opens up a new era of poetry. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty deposed hundreds of schools of thought, worshiping Confucianism alone, and imprisoned the thoughts of the Han people for three or four hundred years. As a result, the literati in the Han Dynasty could not write poems, but only wrote great poems praising the achievements of emperors and endlessly annotated Confucian classics, and the literature with true feelings and individuality could not be developed. Until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world fell apart, stormy, political, ideological and cultural changes took place. As a hero in the world, Cao Cao, who loves poetry and songs, took the lead in going astray and brought a free and active atmosphere to the literary world. He is surrounded by a large number of literati, such as "Seven Scholars of Jian 'an", who live in a war-torn era and often show impassioned thoughts and feelings. As "Wen Xin Diao Long Time Series" said: "When you look at it, you are elegant and generous, good at being scattered in the world, light and vulgar, with a deep ambition and a long pen, so you are generous and full of gas. "In particular, Cao Cao wrote poems on the pommel horse, which was tragic and generous, shocking ancient and modern times, unprecedented and unprecedented. The hearty style of this passionate poem was later called "Jian 'an Style", with Cao Cao as the most prominent representative. For thousands of years, Cao Cao's poems have shocked the hearts of heroes all over the world with this "generous" spirit and its inherent positive and enterprising spirit. It is this precious characteristic that makes Jian 'an literature shine brilliantly in the history of China literature. Zhong Rong placed Cao Cao in an inferior position, mainly because he was "ancient and straight" and lacked literary talent. I didn't know that Cao Cao, a hero, was dismissive of carving chapters and pecking sentences. Zhong Rong was from the Six Dynasties. Scholars at that time paid great attention to literary talent and gorgeous colors. As the saying goes, "a hundred words are used together, and the price of words is strange." Zhong Rong's evaluation of Cao Cao is too low, which is obviously due to the ethos of the times. We know that any literature, including poetry, is second in content after all. In the past, Cao Cao's literary position was often concealed by his political achievements, but was not taken seriously. In fact, he is an outstanding figure in the history of China literature development, especially his pioneering work on Jian 'an literature, which really deserves a lot of attention.

Literally, the poem Looking at the Sea shows the sea, mountain islands, vegetation, autumn wind and even the sun, moon and stars in front of us. In the history of China literature, it seems that Cao Cao has never written such a poem describing natural scenery. It not only describes the whole landscape, but also has its own style. It is the earliest masterpiece of landscape poetry in China, especially loved by literary historians. This poem, written on the autumn sea, can wash away the sentimental sentiment of sad autumn and is vigorous and magnificent, which is closely related to Cao Cao's tolerance, personality and even aesthetic taste.

In this poem, scenery and emotion are closely combined. By writing about the sea, the author expressed his ambition to unify China and make contributions. But this kind of feeling is not directly revealed in the poem, but contained in the description of the scenery, which contains feelings. Every sentence is about the scenery and every sentence is lyrical. Although the six sentences in "What's Water" are depicting the vibrant sea scenery, they are actually praising the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland and revealing the author's feelings of loving the motherland. Seeing the magnificent scenery of the motherland's mountains and rivers aroused the poet's strong desire to unify the motherland. So with the help of rich imagination, to fully express this desire. The author compares himself to the sea and expresses the poet's broad mind and heroism by writing about the momentum of the sea devouring the universe. His feelings are unrestrained but subtle. Sun and Moon is the climax of landscape writing and the author's emotional development. Poets in the Song Dynasty said that Cao's poems were "as full of vitality as veteran Yan". The poem "Looking at the Sea" has a broad artistic conception and is magnificent, which conforms to the demeanor of an aspiring politician and strategist. Reading its poems really makes people feel like people.

Historical review

The evaluation of Cao Cao in the history books is: "the most brilliant", "the able minister to rule the world, the treacherous man in troubled times" and "writing poems horizontally is also a hero all his life." The famous "Let the County Know the Book" was written in the fifteenth year of Jian 'an (2 10), and every word was aboveboard and sincere. Cao Cao said emotionally: "Let there be no orphans in the world. I don't know how many people are emperors and how many people are kings. " That's true.

In the long historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there are obvious ways to belittle Cao because of the need of literature. However, the reflection on him is the highest among the three monarchs of Wei, Shu and Wu. Chen Shou commented on Cao Cao: "At the end of the Han Dynasty, there was chaos in the world, Xiong Hao rose, and Yuan Shao was eyeing four states, which was beyond his power. Mao strategized, castigated the magic of Shen and Shang, used the unique tactics of Han and Bai, and granted official materials, each for his own devices, melodramatic, and forgot the old evils. In the end, he was able to conquer the imperial court machine and become a flood maker, but it was only slightly better. I can be described as an extraordinary person and a peerless hero. "

Later scholars believed that this was because Luo Guanzhong, the author of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, deliberately distorted the facts and did not correctly evaluate Cao Cao. Cao Cao is talented and versatile, and his tactics and tactics are flexible and changeable in the military. He made great contributions to the unification of northern China, the recovery of economic production and the maintenance of social order in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In terms of internal affairs, Cao Cao established a system of reclaiming farmland and ordered soldiers who didn't need to fight to go to the fields to farm, thus alleviating the food problem during the war in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

Everyone's comments

Mao Zedong wrote a eulogy: More than a thousand years ago, Wei Wu whipped his whip and left it at the Eastern Boundary Stone.

Lu Xun said: Cao Cao is at least a hero.

Tang Xuanzong often compared himself to "A God".

Tang Taizong said that Cao Cao was: controlling changes in times of crisis, expecting enemies to set strange things, more wisdom than one, and insufficient talents.

The evaluation of Cao Cao in The Biography of Cao Cao is: Mao is a man who is good at losing weight and music.

Pei Songzhi once wrote: "Looking back at ancient and modern books, it is said that officials who are greedy and cruel and have no way to do things are more important than doing things. -"Reflection (Note)" "

Zhou Yu commented on Cao Cao: "Cao Cao is a thief in China, although he is a famous China native."

Liu Bei commented on Cao Cao: "Dong Zhuo is the first to be difficult, swinging over Gyeonggi, and Cao Cao is in trouble, stealing Tianheng; The queen and prince, if you kill, you will see harm, strip the world and destroy people's things. "

Chen Lin commented on Cao Cao: "Cao Cao is extravagant, ugly and immoral, treacherous and chivalrous, and enjoys it. The shogunate Dong Tongying fought against barbarians and constantly encountered Dong Zhuo's invasion of the official and violent country. "

Yuan Zhen commented on Cao Cao: "Cao Cao hid and usurped chaos from now on" —— Dong Escape

Liu Zhiji commented on Cao Cao: "Many people are guilty, and the disaster is Wang Mang." -"Stone Exploration"

Hong Mai commented on Cao Cao: "Cao Cao is a ghost in the Han Dynasty, and a gentleman doesn't know anything"-Rong Zhai's essay.

Wang Fuzhi commented on Cao Cao: "It is also a fact that Cao Cao's father saw the murder and dispatch troops reported it; Killing hundreds of thousands of men and women in Surabaya and killing a city is cruel and inhuman. ..... Cao Cao is the wisdom of the world, and the technique is not the Tao. " -"Reading as a Mirror"

The ancients commented on Cao Cao: "Although Cao Shi helped China, he was deeply humiliated and resented by the people. -"The Argument about Death"

Li Zongwu commented on Cao Cao: "The hero of the Three Kingdoms first preached Cao Cao. His specialty lies in his black heart: he killed Lv Boshe, Kong Rong, Yang Xiu, Wan Fu and Dong Cheng, as well as the queen and the prince, and he also brazenly said, "It's better to die than to die. "Inner darkness is really extreme. -"Lara"

Gu commented on cao thief: "Meng De has not only Jizhou, but also praised those who are eager for success. Seeing that he has repeatedly given orders, as for those who laugh in the name of humiliation, they are heartless and unfilial, and they have the skill of governing the country and using troops. Therefore, Machiavellian fraud was superimposed and traitors were born. "

The History of the Three Kingdoms (note) commented on Cao Cao: Mao was not good at flying eagles and running dogs, and wandered excessively.

Sima Guang commented on Cao Cao: Wei Wuzhi was violent, long and unintentional. Even if we dare not abolish the independence of the Han people, why not? I'm still afraid of this name. I'll control myself. -"Purple Tongzhi Sword"

Sun Quan commented on Cao Cao: It's too bad to kill small things, it's cool to alienate people, and emperors and princes are rare since ancient times.

Yi Zhongtian commented on Cao Cao: Cao Cao is a lovely adulterer, and treachery and masculinity are unified in masculinity.