Zhu Ziqing (modern essayist and poet, 1898- 1948) suffered from severe stomach trouble at that time, but he had no money for treatment, because his salary was only enough to buy three bags of flour, which was not enough for twelve people in his family. How can he afford treatment? He looked at haing s ngor and asked, "What's your name?" Lu Wu opened the folded paper and saw an eye-catching Chinese character on his head: protesting against the US policy of aiding Japan and refusing to accept American flour assistance. Zhu Ziqing only took one look, then picked up the pen with trembling hands. Seeing that Zhu Ziqing was so pitiful, haing s ngor leaned in and said, "This time, you ..." "I would rather die of poverty than accept such insulting charity." Zhu Ziqing pushed Wu Han's hand and signed the declaration meticulously. After Wu Han left, Zhu Ziqing wrote in his diary: "This matter will cost 6 million francs a month, which has a great impact on the family, but I decided to sign it because I am anti-American and help Japan, so I should start directly from myself." Never eat American relief food, and walk into the picturesque Tsinghua University campus. There is a small pavilion near the tree-lined pond. People call it "Ziqingge" in memory of Mr. Zhu Ziqing. Zhu Ziqing was born in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province. He studied very hard in his childhood. 19 17 was admitted to Peking University with excellent results. During his college years, due to his poor family, his life at school was very difficult. There is only one broken quilt in winter. In order to encourage himself not to lose ambition and hope in difficulties, he changed his name to "self-purification", which means to maintain noble integrity. After graduating from college, Zhu Ziqing went to Tsinghua University to be a professor in China Literature Department. At this time, it was during the vigorous Great Revolution in China that Zhu Ziqing took part in this struggle, showing a patriotic intellectual's sense of justice. Japanese imperialist warships sailed into China Harbour and were countered by Chinese defenders. The Japanese government, in conjunction with other imperialist countries, arrogantly demanded the withdrawal of its troops in China. The brutal demands of Japanese imperialism aroused great anger among the people of China. On March 18, college students and many citizens in Beiping (today's Beijing) demonstrated in front of Tiananmen Square. Zhu Ziqing also took an active part in the assembly and procession. When the procession came to the front of the reactionary government, the reactionary military police fired at unarmed students and citizens, creating a famous "March 18th" tragedy in history. Zhu Ziqing personally experienced this tragedy and was extremely angry. Afterwards, he wrote two articles, one mourning the victims and the other mercilessly exposing the crimes of the reactionaries. It has aroused great repercussions in society. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Zhu Ziqing was still concerned about the fate of the motherland. He insisted on writing articles and enthusiastically praised War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression of the Chinese nation. 1945, Zhu Ziqing was very excited when he heard the news of Japan's surrender at home. He took to the streets to celebrate this happy day with people. 1946, Zhu Ziqing returned to Beijing and devoted himself to the struggle of Peiping people against the dark rule of the Kuomintang. In the struggle for people's liberation, at the beginning of 1947, the Kuomintang arrested more than 2,000 people in Beijing in the name of household registration. Zhu Ziqing was very angry about this. He resolutely signed a protest against the Kuomintang's arbitrary arrest. Zhu Ziqing's behavior was hated by reactionaries. They slandered Zhu Ziqing through newspapers. Kuomintang spies have also made trouble in his house many times. However, these did not shake Zhu Ziqing. He threw himself into new battles with greater courage. Due to long-term hard life and work, Zhu Ziqing got a serious stomach trouble. At the beginning of 1948, Zhu Ziqing became seriously ill. At this time, the people's liberation war has entered the final stage. Zhu Ziqing devoted himself more selflessly to the struggle. For its own benefit, the American government tried its best to support the Kuomintang reactionaries and obstruct the liberation of the people of China. 1June, 948, in order to oppose the shameless behavior of the American government, students in Beiping launched a vigorous patriotic movement. Although Zhu Ziqing was very ill and had no money to see a doctor, he flatly refused all the materials provided by the United States. He signed a statement refusing to buy American goods. He also asked his children to return the proof of supply of American flour. At the beginning of August, Zhu Ziqing became seriously ill and was taken to hospital. But he died on 12 due to ineffective treatment. Although Zhu Ziqing left us, his lofty national integrity will remain in the hearts of every China person forever. Wu Han recalled: "Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and would rather starve to death than receive American' relief food'" (Selected Works of Mao Zedong, Volume 4, page 1499). ? I feel particularly cordial and indignant about this matter. More than ten years have passed, and now when I read these words, the scene is still vivid. ? The so-called "relief food" is like this:1during June 1948, the legal tender of the Kuomintang government has been depreciating, just like under the Yangtze River, it costs tens of thousands of dollars to buy a pack of cigarettes. The salary of professors is rising month by month, but the devaluation of legal tender is faster and prices are rising faster. Professors who used to have a better life, like the general public, have a hard time. Especially for people with a big family, life is more difficult. The Kuomintang government also knows the people's antipathy, especially the intellectuals in colleges and universities, who can't stand this situation. So he played a trick and issued a purchase voucher, so he could buy "American-aided flour" at a lower price. It was also at this time that the U.S. government actively assisted Japan, and Si Tuleideng, the U.S. ambassador to China, called for slander and insult to the people of China. On the one hand, it is cheap, on the other hand, it supports the Japanese and insults the people of China. Some of us discussed it and wanted to expose the conspiracy of the Kuomintang government, protest against the insult of the American government and make a public statement. The statement goes like this: In order to oppose the U.S. government's policy of helping, to protest against the slander and insult of the U.S. Consul General's card and the U.S. Ambassador to China to the people of China, and to show the dignity and integrity of the people of China, we categorically reject all American handouts, whether purchased or given. It is hereby declared that the following colleagues unanimously agreed to refuse to buy cheap flour from the United States and return the shopping card. ? June, 37 17? After the statement is written, I want to collect signatures, and as usual, I decide how many people each is responsible for contacting. Most of the old professors are my messengers. I took the manuscript to find Mr. Zhu Ziqing. At that time, his stomach trouble was very serious, and he could only eat very little. When he ate too much, he vomited, his face became thin and his voice became low. He has many children, and life is more difficult than anyone else. But as soon as he read the manuscript, he signed it without hesitation. He has always performed well in writing. This time, he signed his name meticulously with trembling hands. It should also be noted that after he returned to Tsinghua campus from Kunming on 1946, his attitude changed obviously and he was no longer silent. He opposed the civil war and hated the Kuomintang. * * * The producers' views have also begun to change. He once recited poems in the liberated areas at public meetings, and sometimes dressed up and danced yangko with the students, making him sweat. I always look for him in the struggle against some American declarations, telegrams and statements against the Kuomintang. As soon as he saw me, he understood his purpose. "Did you sign it?" Write your name after reading the manuscript. As far as I can remember, nine times out of ten he signed it. Sometimes they don't sign because the words are a little angry. This time, I also found some other professors who are familiar with or live nearby. Most of them signed their names, but they also hit a nail. There was a professor who had only three children, but his answer was simple: "No! I want to live! " Zhu Ziqing's stomach trouble is hunger, and his family has a large population and needs support. Someone calculated an account in the later period of Kunming. The salary of people like us is only about ten yuan, which is equivalent to the silver dollar before the war. ? Zhu Ziqing cares about politics, but he doesn't express his opinions much. It can be said that he is gentle and has no temper. During the Anti-Japanese War, the news was blocked by the Kuomintang. People in the home front don't know the fact that the Kuomintang passively confronted Japanese imperialism, but actively rubbed against the * * * production party, which set off several anti-* * climaxes. He thinks that as long as you resist, you should live a hard life and seldom complain. Although he sympathized with many political activities in Kunming, he seldom participated. The Kuomintang reactionaries assassinated Wen Yiduo, who was very indignant. Returning to Peiping after demobilization, I saw that American imperialism helped the Kuomintang fight the civil war, and my attitude changed. He stood up before American imperialism and its lackeys, the Kuomintang reactionaries, and with a few exceptions, he joined us. There are several things worth mentioning. First, he worked hard to compile the Complete Works of Wen Yiduo. In the postscript of the Complete Works, I pointed out that Mr. Pei Xian was an old friend and colleague for more than ten years. For this book, he spent a year collecting his legacy, editing and revising it. The catalogue has been drawn up ... in short, it is impossible to edit this collection without Mr. Pei Xian's efforts. ? The act of compiling many complete works at that time was a protest and condemnation of the Kuomintang reactionaries. On the contrary, compared with some people, these people used to be a classmate or an old classmate and a friend for twenty or thirty years, but after the death of a flower, they never cared about it or wrote a commemorative text. The other is his love for young students. For example, once two students in his department fought, one was from the NLD and the other was from the Kuomintang. The reason for the fight was of course political, and both of them complained to the teacher. ? Mr. Qing Zi was afraid that his classmate Min Qing would suffer, and secretly advised him to make some concessions. After I learned that, I wrote a letter asking him to consider who is right and who is wrong in politics. Maybe the wording is a little sharp. The next day, he came to my house and explained his intention seriously. In the Spring and Autumn Period, he blamed the sage. He said something about progressive students in order to protect him from the youth league's revenge. At the same time, he also agrees that my opinion is correct. Afterwards, I told this situation to Min Qing's classmate, who was also very moved. Although his voice against the Kuomintang spy rule is not loud, it can be seen from one thing I personally contacted. At this time, in order to save the dying fate of colleges and universities, the Kuomintang reactionaries strengthened their spy control over colleges and universities. In order to protest, I wrote an academic paper "The School in the Early Ming Dynasty", explaining that in the early Ming Dynasty, I scolded the Kuomintang reactionaries and sent it to the school publication "Journal of Tsinghua" for publication. Some editors of the magazine are nationals of party member. Of course, they refused to publish it, thinking that it was not an academic article. I talked with Mr. Zi Qing, who is also an editorial member of the magazine. He wrote to the editor-in-chief, urged publication, and finally published this article. We can see the change of his thoughts and feelings from this incident. ? Being tortured by stomach trouble for a long time, he was too weak, but he also knew that it was almost dawn, the dark clouds were about to pass, and the good days were coming. He was very happy and wrote two poems under the glass plate on the table: "But when you see the sun, although it is brilliant, why are you disappointed at dusk?" Based on Li Shangyin's poem "to see the sun, for all his glory, Buried by the Coming Night" in Tang Dynasty. These two poems very aptly expressed his feelings at that time. ? On July 23rd, a symposium on "Intellectuals' Tasks Today" was held in Tsinghua University I-shaped Hall, which was his last political activity. I personally invited him home and accompanied him from the North Yard to the I-shaped hall. He walked for a while, stopped for a while, and said to me intermittently, "You are right, and the road is right. However, people like me are not used to it. If you want to educate us, you have to take your time. This will keep up with you. "He also made a speech at the meeting, and the main paragraphs are the same. He said: "Intellectuals have two ways: one is to help idle people climb up. There are such people in feudal society and capitalist society. One fell. Intellectuals can go up and down, so they are a class, not a class. It is not easy for many intellectuals to give up their vested interests. Now we can't live by the masses. This is not a rational unwillingness to accept. Reason knows what it should accept, but habit can't change it. " ? Qing Zi rationally knew that he should give up his vested interests and live a public life. He has taken another step, which is a big step forward. He refused to buy American-aided flour, and it was recorded in his diary on the day after he signed it:1June 8, which cost 6 million French francs every month and had a great impact on his family, but I signed it anyway. Since it is anti-American and helps Japan, let's start directly from ourselves. This shows his determination. ? Not only that, the day before his death, he told his wife, "One thing to remember is that I signed a document refusing American aid to flour!" " "Mr Qing Zi is a typical figure among intellectuals in the old society. He used to be a liberal, and he didn't like to take part in political activities, especially those fierce and aggressive activities. However, he has a sense of justice. With the strengthening of the enslavement and oppression of the people of China by the Kuomintang and American imperialism, he could not stand the armed provocation, slaughter and repression of the people of China. He demonstrated his attitude through cultural life, poetry recitation and yangko dancing. ? On the other hand, he resolutely refused to take the middle route and the third road. At that time, he was asked to participate in the Kuomintang-run middle-line publication "New Road", but he resolutely refused. However, although he was ill, he attended our seminar. ? He knows right from wrong, and love and hate are distinct. In his later years, he finally showed his position. He held his head high and stood up, preferring to starve to death and resolutely refusing the enemy's "relief." This kind of ethics is worth learning today. "We China people have backbone. Many people who used to be liberals or democratic individualists stood up in front of the US imperialists and their running dogs, the Kuomintang reactionaries. " (Selected Works of Mao Zedong, Volume 4, page 1499) Comrade Mao Zedong praised the backbone of Wen Yiduo and Zhu Ziqing, saying that "Wen Yiduo should be praised, and Zhu Ziqing should also be praised". This is the responsibility of our deceased, especially the comrades-in-arms of Mr. Wen Yiduo and Mr. Zhu Ziqing. The future of this ode to our national heroism remains to be seen.