1. Origin of the surname
The surname Hu (Hǔ, Māo) has two origins:
1. It comes from Bohu, one of the "Eight Yuans" of the ancient Shun minister. His descendants took Tiger as their surname. According to ancient historical legends, Bohu, also known as **, was a minister of the Emperor Ku Gaoxin clan. According to legend, Emperor Ku had eight talented men: Bo Fen, Zhong Kan, Shu Xian, Ji Zhong, Bo Hu, Zhong Xiong, Shu Bao, and Ji Li (actually the leaders of eight tribes) who assisted him, and they were known as the "Eight Yuan" in history. After Emperor Ku died, Yao succeeded to the throne and Ba Yuan retired. When Shun succeeded Yao as emperor, he re-appointed a large number of old ministers, and the leader of the Bohu tribe returned as minister. The Bohu clan became prosperous again, and his descendants took the surname Tiger and were called the Hu family, becoming an important source of today's tiger surname families.
2. The surname tiger comes from ***:
① The surname tiger in *** is taken from the first sound of the ancestor’s name ***. For example, in the Ming Dynasty, a native of the Western Regions, Jili Beer, came to China and lived in Nanjing, where he served as the Deputy Qianhu of the Imperial Guard. His son Hu Jibie'er took Hu as his surname, including Sun Huxian, Hu Ma Zhen, Hu Meng Jie, Hu Ru Sheng, Hu Cheng Rui, etc. In addition, in the Yuan and Ming dynasties, those who transliterated the first name of *** as the word "tiger" include Hu Bada from Samarkand, Hu Xiusi from Kangli, etc. *** The surname Tiger also evolved from homophones. According to the "History of the Yuan Dynasty: Clan List": the third son of Gansiding was Huxin, and the fourth son of Nasuciding was Huxian. Some of their descendants took the surname Hu, and some changed their surname to Hu. According to the "Genealogy of the Tiger Surname" in Zhaotong, Yunnan: "My ancestor was invited to come to court. The king of Tang personally granted him the title of General Hu Wei... so his descendants will always be surnamed Tiger." This is a family whose surname is based on the first letter of their ancestor's official title. Tiger surname.
② According to "A Study of *** Surnames", the surname Tiger (Māo, pronunciated as cat) *** "is the only surname of Tiger in Chengdu, which is pronounced not as tiger but as Mao (Māo)." In fact, in Yunnan, The surname "Hu" in the area is also pronounced as "cat" (Māo). People with the surname Tiger are mainly distributed in northwest China, Nanjing, Chengdu, Luoyang and other places.
2. Migration Distribution
(Missing) The surname Tiger is relatively rare in modern times, and was also rare in ancient times. According to "Customs", there is "Hepu Prefect Tiger Banner". Huqi is a surname from the Han Dynasty, and is said to be a descendant of Bohu of the Eight Yuan Dynasty. In history, there were Hu Ziwei, Hu Dawei, Hu Chen and others, who were also members of the Hu surname. This surname is included in the surnames collected in "Romance of Customs" of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Hepu, a famous pearl producing area in the Han Dynasty, had a prefect named Hu Banner. In the Yuan Dynasty, Hu Bing was the magistrate of Hanoi. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a general named Hu Dawei, who was from Yulin and was once the commander-in-chief of Shanxi Province. In the Qing Dynasty, there was Hu Kunyuan, a native of Sichuan, who was the admiral during the Xianfeng period. The "Dictionary of Chinese Names" contains five examples of Hu's name. This is the Leng surname. There are few people with this surname and it is ignored by most people. In addition, compound surnames with the character "Hu" include "Shu Hu", "Hu Yi", etc. The Hu surname in Zhaotong area of ??Yunnan Province is based on the character "Hu" from the title of the ancestor "General Huwei". Most people with the Hu surname living in Hudong Township, Huan County, Gansu Province, claim that their ancestors are descendants of the Ji surname. The surname Hu was in Jinyang County (the Qin Dynasty established Jinyang County, and the capital of Zhao State was located in Jinyang County. Soon it was renamed Taiyuan County, under the jurisdiction of Taiyuan County, now Taiyuan City, Shanxi).
3. Historical celebrities
Hu Chen: A native of Linyou in the Ming Dynasty, who entered Taixue in the late Chenghua years. Once, Xiaozong planned to build a brown shed on Wansui Mountain to watch the lanterns from a distance, but he had some advice. Jijiu was worried that something would happen to him, so he ordered Hu Chen to be tied up. Soon, Xiaozong issued an edict to express condolences to the tiger ministers and ordered the brown sheds to be demolished. Huchen became famous in the capital from then on.
Hu Kunyuan: Zihou, a native of Chengdu, Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty. At the beginning of Xianfeng period, his father Songlin used Hunan guerrillas to suppress bandits in Guangxi. He fought against Zijingshan from Xiangrong, attacked Yong'an, and relieved the siege of Guilin and Changsha, and achieved great success. From the south of the Yangtze River, he was promoted to the general soldier of Yichang Town, Hubei Province. Together with the governor Jierhang Ake and Shanghai, he attacked Zhenjiang and repeatedly defeated thieves in Baogai Mountain, Cangtou, Xia Shu Street and Gaozi. He was called a veteran general in the Jiangnan Army.
4. Junwangtang No.
1. Junwang
Jinyang County: At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Dong An, a retainer of Zhao Tongzi, built Jinyang City. Jinyuan Town, southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province today. Qin thought Jinyang County. Later it became Taiyuan County and Bingzhou Prefecture. Expansion of the Western Jin Dynasty.
The Northern Qi Dynasty built a new city on the east bank of Fen River and Longshan County in the old city. In the Sui Dynasty, Longshan was called Jinyang, and Jinyang was called Taiyuan. It was the capital of Northern Han Dynasty during the Five Dynasties. The Song Dynasty destroyed the Northern Han Dynasty, destroyed Jinyang, and moved the state to Yangqu, which is now Taiyuan City.
2. Hall number (missing)
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General couplets for the ancestral hall with the surname Tiger
〖Four-character universal couplet of the ancestral hall with the surname Tiger〗
Destroy the formation and seize the banner;
Use sparse admonition lamps.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Hu
The upper couplet refers to Hu Kunyuan, a Sichuan native in the Qing Dynasty, with the courtesy name Zihou. He served in the army during the Xianfeng period and rose to the rank of admiral. He rushed forward in every battle and liked to seize the enemy's flag. He died at Moling Pass in the final battle. The lower couplet indicates that Lin Youren and Hu Chen entered Taixue in the last years of Chenghua. Once, Xiaozong planned to build a brown shed on Wansui Mountain to watch the lanterns from a distance, but he had some advice. Jijiu was worried that something would happen to him, so he ordered Hu Chen to be tied up. Soon, Xiaozong issued an edict to express condolences to the tiger ministers and ordered the brown sheds to be demolished. Huchen became famous in the capital from then on.
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Chinese Tiger Culture
〖The Origin of Tiger Culture〗
Art is the most human social activity because it directly deals with people’s emotions, feelings, dreams and even reason. In the long history, the collection of tiger artworks has generated tiger culture, which has a long history and is endless. From the rock paintings of the Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages, the bronzes of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the stone carvings of the Qin and Han Dynasties, the murals of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the poetry and paintings of the Tang and Song dynasties, and the paintings and novels of the Ming and Qing literati, the image of the tiger has been vividly and vividly portrayed by artists of all ages. , these works are distributed in the southeast, southwest, and south China (Yellow River and Yangtze River basins) of China. This is the habitat of the South China tiger, and the artist can only express the South China tiger.
The South China tiger, one of the eight subspecies of tiger in the world, is unique to China (English translation: Panthere Tigris Amoyensis) and is internationally defined as the "Chinese tiger". According to our zoologists, the main distribution range and habitat of the Chinese tiger is in South China, so we named it "South China tiger".
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〖The King of Beasts〗
The tiger is an extremely important part of Chinese cultural tradition. For a long time, it has been It is regarded as a symbol of power and strength and has always been revered by people. The tiger ranks third in the Chinese zodiac and is considered the ruler of all animals in the world. People born in the year of the tiger are considered brave, optimistic, tolerant and generous. They can live long and are good at leadership. rather than obey.
The pattern on the forehead of the tiger forms the Chinese character "王". In fact, the Chinese character "王" comes from tiger. The tiger is the king of the forest, so the Chinese cleverly used the pattern on its forehead as a Chinese character meaning ruler. Today, this word has become one of hundreds of surnames. The tiger is a very masculine animal, it is brave and majestic. The tiger is also considered the king of the mountain. Legend has it that it can drive away all evil. During war years, tiger heads were painted on warriors' shields to frighten enemies.
In Chinese legends, tigers are believed to be extremely powerful animals that can ward off the three major disasters from the family: fire, theft and evil. Tiger paintings were often hung on the wall facing the door to frighten evil spirits away from entering. Even in contemporary China, there are children wearing tiger head hats and tiger head shoes to ward off evil spirits, and some people sleep on tiger head pillows to make themselves stronger.
In the Year of the Tiger, children have the word "王" written in red on their heads, which seems to increase their energy and vitality. In early China, the tiger was the main animal deity and was believed to ward off drought. Others believed that a tiger would turn white after 500 years and live for another 1,000 years. When they died, its soul would It penetrates into the ground and turns into amber. This is the origin of the word "amber", which means "soul of the tiger". Tiger is a symbol of noble prestige, and the words "avoid" and "quiet" can be seen in early Chinese courts. Tiger Talisman: The tiger-shaped wooden block is a symbol of military orders issued directly by the emperor; ancient bandit leaders also spread tiger skins on their seats to show their supreme status. Chinese idioms with the word tiger: dragon soaring and tiger leaping, tiger and tiger gaining power, like a tiger with wings...
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〖The king of medicine, Sun Simiao, pulled out the bones from the tiger's mouth〗
In ancient times, some Chinese doctors collected and experimented with the efficacy of various medicines. They usually held a bell in their hand, which looked like a copper ring. People called it a tiger support or a tiger's title. This is their talisman.
Legend has it that the medicine king Sun Simiao was suddenly stopped by a tiger on his way to collect medicine in the mountains. The tiger was right in front, and it was impossible to escape. King Yao carried a long pole with him for picking herbs, but it was not easy to deal with the tiger with this clumsy pole. He was at a loss and just stared at the tiger in fear. The strange thing is that the tiger did not rush towards him. On the contrary, it squatted on the ground with its mouth wide open. It looked at Medicine King with a sad look in its eyes, as if begging for something, and kept gently shaking its head. . King Yao was shocked by the scene in front of him. He slowly approached the behemoth in front of him. He saw a huge animal bone pierced deeply into the throat of the tiger. The kind-hearted Medicine King wanted to help it remove the bone, but he was worried that if the animal in front of him suddenly shut up due to pain, his arm would be bitten off. At this moment, he thought of him A copper ring on the pole, he took off the copper ring and put it into the tiger's mouth to open the big mouth so that he no longer had to worry about his safety. He put his hand through the center of the copper ring and into the bloody mouth, quickly pulled out the bone and quickly applied ointment to the wound. When the King of Medicine took away the copper ring from the tiger's mouth, the tiger kept nodding his head, as if to thank the kind doctor. Since then, the copper ring has been transformed into a hand bell and has become a symbol of medicine collection. All doctors will take it with them when they go out to collect medicine to show that they are all disciples of the King of Medicine, and only the King of Medicine can treat tigers. and will not be attacked by them.
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〖The Story of Tiger Head Shoes〗
Today, children can still be seen wearing tiger head shoes in rural areas of China shoe. Tiger head shoes are entirely made of fabric and the toe is shaped like a tiger head. In China, tiger-head shoes have a long history, and behind this history, there is such a legend.
A long time ago, in the famous ancient city of Yangzhou, there lived a boatman. His name was Dayang. He was very generous and willing to help others. Soon, an old traveler came to the village, and she greatly appreciated Da Yang's kind character. Before leaving, she gave an ancient painting to Dayang. In the painting, a beautiful girl was sewing a pair of tiger-head shoes with needle and thread. The boatman liked the painting very much. As soon as he got home, he immediately hung the painting on the boat. The wall above his bed.
One night, the girl in the painting suddenly walked out of the painting and spent a good time with the big sheep. After that, they saw each other every night. A year later, they gave birth to a boy, who brought even more joy to the couple. However, something unfortunate happened. After the village chief heard about the strange paintings in Dayang's home, he arbitrarily snatched the magical paintings away.
Dayang hated the vicious village chief, but he was helpless. The greedy village chief hung the painting on the wall above his bed like a big sheep, expecting the woman in the painting to come down every day. To his disappointment, nothing happened.
When Danyang's child grew up, he kept calling for his mother. Danyang had to keep coaxing him that his mother had gone to the far west and could not come back. Da Yang's words did not help at all. The child insisted on looking for his mother, and finally, he embarked on a journey to find his mother. He sailed toward the west day and night, and finally found his mother bathing in a puddle with many fairies in the forest. Oh, my child, why have you come so far to find your mother? As the mother was speaking, two drops of crystal tears fell down on the child's cheek. "Mom, you know, I've lost you too much." "It's not until you walk into the village chief's bedroom wearing the tiger-head shoes I sewed for you that we can be truly reunited. Child, close your eyes and let I'll take you home first."
After a whirlwind, he was surprised to find that he was already home. He told the village chief that he could summon the woman in the painting. The greedy village chief impatiently took the child into his bedroom. When the child saw his mother, he called loudly to the painting: "Mom, let's go." As soon as the voice fell, the woman in the painting got down to the ground, picked up the child and walked out. However, the greedy village chief has blocked the way. He arbitrarily asked the woman to be his wife. After being rejected, the village chief angrily rushed towards him like a mother and son. The child bravely rushed forward to fight with him. At this moment, the pair of tiger-head shoes came loose from the boy's feet and immediately turned into a colorful tiger, which quickly pounced on the evil village chief. The village chief's cry for help and the tiger's roar resounded throughout the village... The tiger-head shoes saved the mother and son and their family. Since then, people began to make tiger-head shoes for their children, hoping that they would keep the children and their families safe.
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〖South China Tiger and Chinese Tiger Culture〗
Tigers are large cat carnivores that originated from southern China 1 million years ago. The origin (one theory is that it originated from Northeast China), gradually differentiated into eight sub-Asian tigers, including the South China tiger, the Caspian tiger, the Bengal tiger, the Indochinese tiger, the Siberian tiger (also known as the Siberian tiger), the Javan tiger, the Sumatran tiger, and the Bali tiger. kind. In recent decades, large-scale poaching and deforestation have led to a sharp decline in the distribution range and number of tigers. The Bali tiger, Caspian tiger, and Javan tiger became extinct one after another in the last century.
Among the remaining subspecies, the South China tiger is only found in my country, so it is also called the Chinese tiger. The typical feature is the bright king-shaped markings on the head, which is known as the "King of the Mountain and Forest". It often inhabits contiguous areas of Parmao and shrub forests, rarely moving in forests. It mainly preys on large and medium-sized herbivores such as wild boar, sambar, Sumatran antelope, and deer, and occasionally preys on birds.
China’s tiger culture has a long history. The "tiger" here refers to the South China tiger. It has long become one of China's totems. In 1987, a pair of clam sculptures of a dragon and a tiger were unearthed in the Xishuipo area of ??Puyang, Henan Province. They were about 6,000 years old. They were placed on the east and west sides of the remains of an ancestor. According to the orientation, they coincide with the East Green Dragon and West Green Dragons that were popular in later generations. The White Tiger, Southern Suzaku and Northern Xuanwu are consistent and can be called "China's No. 1 Tiger". The outline of the famous Simuwu Ding is decorated with a pair of tiger patterns, with their mouths facing each other and holding a human head in their mouths. "Book of Changes Qian Gua Wen" also says: Clouds follow the dragon, and the wind follows the tiger. Because the dragon flies in the sky and the tiger walks on the earth, the combination of dragon and tiger becomes a symbol of majesty and strength, and is an object of worship and fear by people. During the Han Dynasty, people began to draw tigers on their doors on New Year's Eve to drive away ghosts. From then on, the most authentic paintings of door gods, in addition to the two gods Shen Tu and Yu Lei, also painted tigers.
The image of the tiger is majestic, so it has been used to symbolize the bravery and strength of soldiers since ancient times. It is often used as tiger general, tiger minister, tiger warrior, tiger warrior, tiger division, tiger power, tiger step, eagle rising and tiger looking, swallow Words such as "chin and tiger beard" have an extraordinary momentum when read.
In ancient times, a tiger talisman was engraved in gold on the military talisman for dispatching troops, which was called a tiger talisman. In ancient wars, the tiger's role was not limited to this. It also has records of directly participating in battles as a war tool. Tiger has a place among the twelve zodiac signs that have a wide influence.
Tiger is also popular in people's spoken language. In various fields of traditional culture such as writing, language, poetry, literature, sculpture, painting, novels, operas, folklore, and a wider range of folklore, myths, stories, children's songs, etc., the image of the tiger is ubiquitous and has become an indispensable part of Chinese civilization. missing part.
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〖Origin of Tiger Talisman〗
In ancient my country, the image of tiger was worshiped very much, especially in military affairs, such as troop deployment. A tiger is engraved in gold on the military talisman of the general, which is called the tiger talisman.
The Tiger Talisman first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. At that time, a copper tiger-shaped symbol was used as a troop transfer voucher issued by the central government to local officials or garrison leaders, which was called the Tiger Talisman. There is an inscription on the back of the tiger talisman, which is divided into two halves. The right half is kept in the court, and the left half is issued to the commander-in-chief or local governor. It has always been a special talisman, one for each place. It is impossible to use one military talisman to mobilize at the same time. For armies in two places, when deploying troops and condemning generals, the two halves need to be tested together to be effective. In the Chinese History Museum, there is a "silver-bronze tiger talisman of Tang Yanghou of the Western Han Dynasty", 7.9 cm long and 2.5 cm long. It is in the shape of a tiger with a flat head and raised tail. There are two lines of seal script engraved on each side between the left and right neck ribs, with the same text. , saying "he is the first tiger talisman with Tang Yanghou". The Shaanxi Museum in Xi'an also houses a tiger talisman found in the western suburbs of Xi'an. According to research, it is a cultural relic of the Warring States Period from 475 BC to 221 BC. It is called a mace tiger talisman with a gold "Du" character inlaid in the Qin Dynasty. It is 4 cm high and made of The tiger looks like a galloping tiger, symbolizing military power and rapid advance. The body of the tiger talisman is engraved with 40 gold inscriptions, describing the objects and scope of troop deployment. The production is extremely delicate.
The Tiger Talisman played an important role in ancient wars, and many stories related to it have occurred. "Historical Records" records that in 257 BC during the Warring States Period, the State of Qin sent troops to besiege Handan, the capital of the State of Zhao. Lord Pingyuan of Zhao asked for help from the King of Wei and Lord Xinling because his wife was the sister of Lord Xinling of Wei. The King of Wei sent veteran general Jin Bi to lead 10 Ten thousand troops rescued Zhao, but later they were afraid of Qin's power and ordered the garrison to wait and see. In order to rush to the aid of Handan, Prince Xinling Jun Wuji of the Wei Kingdom conspired with the King of Wei's wife, Ru Ji, so that Ru Ji stole the Tiger Talisman from the King of Wei's bedroom, and used the Tiger Talisman to seize Jin Bi's army, defeat the Qin army, and save the Zhao State. Mr. Guo Moruo once chose this theme to create the script of the famous drama "Tiger Talisman", which was performed by the Beijing People's Art Theater. In the fifty-first chapter of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Cao Cao retreated due to his defeat at the Battle of Red Cliff. Zhuge Liang took advantage of the emptiness in Nanjun and ordered Zhao Yun to capture the city successfully. He also captured the guard Chen Jiao and obtained the tiger talisman, which he then used to defraud. The defenders of Jingzhou were mobilized to rescue Nanjun, and Zhang Fei took advantage of the situation to attack Jingzhou. Then he used the same method to mobilize the defenders of Xiangyang, and Guan Yu took the opportunity to attack Xiangyang. With only a small tiger charm, Zhuge Liang diverted Cao's soldiers and captured three cities without a single blow. However, Zhou Yu of Soochow, who spent a lot of money, food, troops and horses, got nothing. How could he not be angry? This also shows how powerful the tiger talisman was at that time.
In history, there have been many major changes in the shape, quantity, inscriptions and status of tiger talismans. From the Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, the tiger talismans were all made of copper, and the right side was engraved on the saddle. In the Sui Dynasty, it was changed to Lin Fu. In the Tang Dynasty, because tigers were taboo, fish or rabbit talismans were used, and later turtle talismans were used. The use of tiger talismans resumed in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, tiger head medals were used, which later evolved into bronze medals.
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〖The image of tiger and Chinese culture〗
The image and title of tiger have appeared in songs, dances and dramas of the past dynasties, such as The Yuan Dynasty drama "Tiger Head Pavilion", the Qing Dynasty legend "Tiger Bag Bomb", Kun Opera "Tiger Bag Bomb", Peking Opera "Hulao Pass", "Crouching Hugou", "Rouge Tiger", etc. are too numerous to mention. Two of the most exciting ones show scenes of people and fights. One is called "Huang Gong of the East China Sea", which is a popular horn play near Chang'an in the Han Dynasty. Ge Hong of the Jin Dynasty recorded this in detail in "Miscellaneous Notes of Xijing": "Huang Gong, a native of Dongmei, wore a red gold sword because he could not make snakes and tigers when he was young. He tied his hair with crimson silk and made the mountains and rivers rise in the clouds. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, a white tiger was found in the East China Sea, and the Qigong was exhausted. It seems that the power of tigers is still feared here, because people with martial arts and magic skills like Huang Gong of the East China Sea still have not fought against tigers, and finally lost their lives.
The Peking Opera and other local operas "Wu Song Fights the Tiger" adapted from the classic novel "Water Margin" also show the fight between humans and tigers, but the result is exactly the opposite of "Huang Gong of the East China Sea". Wu Song killed the tiger. Become a tiger fighting hero. There are also many derogatory connotations in the vocabulary about tigers in our country. For example, working for a tiger describes the ugly qualities of a snob who is harmed by a tiger and is driven to harm others.
In Chinese folk fairy tales, there is also a widely circulated story of "Tiger Learning": Although tigers are domineering in the mountains and forests and walk around in a grand manner, they have one biggest weakness , just can’t climb trees. Because a long time ago, the tiger had no skills at all, so he had to worship the cat as his teacher and learn various skills. The enthusiastic cat quickly taught him various skills such as vertical, jumping, leaping, and pounce. However, he also discovered the tiger's ferocious and cruel nature, so he kept a secret in the teaching process. When the tiger felt that he had fully mastered the cat's skills, he went out of his way to repay kindness with hatred and pounced on the cat to eat it in one bite. The cat didn't panic, and quickly and dexterously climbed up the treetop to avoid being plotted. The tiger squatted under the tree and had nothing to do, so he begged the cat to teach him how to climb up the tree. The cat was no longer fooled, and the tiger finally failed to learn the ability to climb trees. Lu You, the great poet of the Song Dynasty, wrote in the autonote of "Jiannan Poetry Manuscript: Mocking Animal Cats": "As the saying goes, the cat is the uncle of the tiger. He can teach a tiger to do everything but not to climb a tree." This story bitterly satirizes those who are ungrateful and repay kindness with hatred. Villain. As for the names of places and people with tigers, there are countless stories, legends, and interesting anecdotes.
The Year of the Tiger in the traditional Chinese zodiac culture is a happy festival that comes every 12 years. Since our country is one of the most influential countries in the world, with the largest population in the world, with the continuous migration of population, Chinese people can be found in almost every corner of the world. Wherever they go, they will bring with them some traditional Chinese culture to a greater or lesser extent. The traditional Chinese zodiac culture is something that most overseas Chinese who are far away from their hometown find it difficult to discard. At the same time, it is also gradually accepted by other nations around the world. Therefore, in recent years, this custom of naming years after twelve animals has not only become more and more influential in Asian countries and Russia, but has also quietly spread to European and American countries, especially the origins and various legends about the Year of the Tiger. All media are willing to carry out extensive publicity, making the Year of the Tiger a veritable "birth year" worthy of the name.