Category: calligraphy and painting

Time: Northern Song Dynasty

Original Cultural Relics: Painted by Northern Song Dynasty painter Zhang Zeduan.

Present situation of cultural relics: existing Beijing Palace Museum

brief introduction

China is one of the top ten famous paintings handed down from generation to generation. The genre painting of the Northern Song Dynasty, with a width of 24.8 cm and a length of 528.7 cm, is the representative work of Zhang Zeduan, a painter of the Northern Song Dynasty. It is a first-class national treasure.

This painting depicts the prosperity of Bianjing in the Qingming period. It is a witness to the prosperity of Bianjing in that year and a portrayal of the economic situation of the city in the Northern Song Dynasty. Through this painting, we learned about the urban landscape of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Appearance and life of people from all walks of life at that time. In a word, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is of great historical value.

The center of the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival consists of a rainbow-shaped bridge and the street surface of Qiaotou Street. At first glance, crowded and chaotic; Take a closer look, these people are people from different industries and come from

It includes all kinds of activities. There are some vendors and many tourists on the west side of the bridge. There are knives, scissors and groceries on the stall. There are tea sellers and fortune tellers. Many tourists rely on the railings or tips by the bridge.

Or watch the boats coming and going in the river. On the sidewalk in the middle of the bridge, there are bustling people; There are people who ride cars, ride horses, carry loads, drive donkeys and transport goods, and push independence.

Wheeled ... The south side of the bridge connects with the street. On both sides of the street are teahouses, pubs, pawn shops and workshops. There are many vendors with big umbrellas in the open spaces on both sides of the street. This street extends from east to west,

It extends all the way to the quiet suburbs outside the city, but there are still pedestrians on the street: some are carrying burdens, some are driving ox carts to deliver goods, some are driving donkeys to pull trucks, and some stop to see the scenery of Bianhe River.

There are many boats coming and going on the Bian River, which can be described as a race in Qian Fan. Some are parked near the dock, and some are driving in the river. Some big ships are overloaded, and the owners employ many trackers.

Pull the boat forward. A big ship carrying goods has passed under the bridge and will soon cross bridge opening. At this time, the boatman on this big ship is very busy. Some people stood at the top of the canopy and put down their sails;

Some people are struggling to support the pole by the boat; Some people hold the ceiling of bridge opening with long poles, so that the boat can pass safely with the water. This tense scene attracted the attention of tourists on the bridge and nearby boatmen, who stood in a

Shout and cheer. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival vividly depicts the busy and tense traffic scene on the Bianhe River, adding more vitality to the painting.

Zhang Zeduan has a high artistic generalization, which makes The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival reach a high artistic level. The rich content, numerous characters and grand scale of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival are all empty.

Front. The picture of Riverside Scene on Qingming Festival is dense and orderly, from quiet suburbs to bustling city streets, attracting people everywhere.

Based on Qian's Zhuo? According to the statistics in Volume 8, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has 1643 characters and 208 animals, which is better than the classical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms (11person) and Red

There are many characters portrayed in A Dream of Red Mansions (975 people) and Water Margin (787 people).

The whole picture of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival can be divided into three sections. When the picture unfolds, the first thing you see is the scenery on the outskirts of Bianjing. The middle section mainly depicts the busy scenes on both sides of Shangtu Bridge and Bianhe River. Posterior segment rule

It depicts the street view of Bianjing City. The size of the word is less than 3 cm, as small as a bean. If you look at them carefully, they are both physically and mentally interesting.

According to the textual research of Li Dongyang's inscription, there should be a landscape map of the outer suburbs of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, inscribed with fine gold characters, and the collection is Ssangyong Xiao Zhuan.

Some of them have disappeared from the painting. There are two reasons. One possibility is that this picture has been circulating for too long. After countless people played with it, the beginning part was broken, and later generations cut it when they put it on.

Drop; One possibility is that Song Huizong's inscription and Ssangyong Xiao Zhuan are valuable, and later generations deliberately cut them off and sold them as another painting.

Many experts suspect that the second half of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is missing, because this painting should not come to an abrupt end just after entering Kaifeng City, but should be painted all the way to Jinming Pool.

Detailed comments

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival records the architecture and people's livelihood in the suburbs of Bianjing (now Kaifeng), the capital of Hui Zong era, and on both sides of the Bianhe River in the city with exquisite brushwork. The picture depicts Tomb-Sweeping Day, North.

The bustling scenes and natural scenery on both sides of the Bianliang and Bianhe rivers. In the form of a long scroll, the work uses the composition method of scattered perspective to bring complicated scenery into a unified and changeable picture.

There are more than 500 Chinese characters with different costumes and facial expressions, and various activities are interspersed among them, emphasizing drama, dense composition, changing rhythm and rhythm, and ingenious brushwork. Total graph partition

Three sections.

The first paragraph, Bianjing rural spring:

In the sparse forest mist, there are several huts, grass bridges, running water, old trees and boats. Two porters are driving five donkeys loaded with charcoal. They are going to town. A willow forest, branches just glowing green, make

People feel cold in spring, but they have returned in spring. In the sedan chair on the road, a woman sat in it. The top of the sedan chair is decorated with willows and flowers, followed by riders and bearers, returning from a walk in the suburbs of Beijing to sweep the grave.

The description of the environment and characters points out the specific time and customs of Tomb-Sweeping Day, which opens the whole painting.

In the middle section, the busy Bianhe Wharf:

Bianhe River is the hub of national grain transportation in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it is also the main road of commercial traffic. As can be seen from the picture, the population is dense and there are many grain ships. Some people are resting in the teahouse, some are telling fortune, and some are eating in the restaurant.

There is also the "Wang's Paper Horse Shop", which is a grave sweeper selling sacrifices. Ships in the river come and go, end to end, either pulled by trackers or paddled by boatmen. Some are full of goods, some are berthing against the current, and they are nervous.

Unload the goods slowly Across the Bianhe River is a large wooden arch bridge with exquisite structure and beautiful shape. Such as flying rainbow, hence the name Hongqiao. There is a big ship waiting to cross the bridge. The boatman is supported by bamboo poles;

Hook the bridge with a long pole; Lead the boat with hemp rope; Several people are busy lowering the mast so that the ship can pass. People in the neighboring ship are also pointing, as if shouting something. Both inside and outside the ship

I am busy crossing the bridge for this ship. People on the bridge are also sweating over the tense ferry scene. This is the well-known Hongqiao pier, which is full of traffic and bustling.

In fact, it is the intersection of land and water transportation.

In the second half, busy city streets:

Centered on the tall towers, there are rows of houses on both sides, including teahouses, restaurants, foot shops, meat shops, temples, public halls and so on. These shops specialize in silks and satins, jewelry and spices, incense, paper horses and so on.

In addition to medical clinics, car repair, fortune telling, shaving and plastic surgery, all walks of life have everything, and big shops are also tied with "colorful buildings and happy doors" and hung banners to attract students.

Italians, pedestrians on the street, jostled each other, and there was an endless stream. There were businessmen doing business, gentry watching street scenes, officials riding horses, hawkers selling goods, people sitting in sedan chairs and people carrying baskets.

There are monks, foreign tourists who ask for directions, street children who have heard of books, children of wealthy families who drink in restaurants, disabled elderly people who beg on the edge of cities, men, women and children, scholars, farmers, businessmen and various religions.

Everything is ready. Means of transportation: sedan chair, camel, ox cart, rickshaw, flatbed, flatbed, all kinds of things. Vividly displayed in front of people.

In a total of more than five meters long picture scroll, * * * painted more than 550 people of various colors, including fifty or sixty cattle, horses, mules, donkeys and other livestock, more than 20 cars and bridges, and more than 20 ships of different sizes. House,

Bridges, towers, etc They also have their own characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of architecture in the Song Dynasty. Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a realistic genre painting depicting a corner of Bianjing City in the Northern Song Dynasty, with a high sense of history.

Value and artistic level.

evaluate

Bai Shouyi's General History of China (color picture book) as a consultant to evaluate The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. The whole volume depicts more than 500 characters, more than 50 livestock, more than 20 vehicles of all kinds, and many houses.

A large number, huge scenes, clear paragraphs, tight structure, orderly. Skilled technique, meticulous pen, vigorous lines, dignified and sophisticated. It embodies highly pure painting skills and outstanding artistic achievements.

Just ... At the same time, because the painting was a social record at that time, it provided important historical materials for future generations to understand and study the urban social life in the Song Dynasty.

The Concise Encyclopedia of Britain's evaluation of the section "Zhang Zeduan" in The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a custom picture scroll with important historical value. The painter successfully described Bianjing City and its suburbs.

Life scenes of all walks of life in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Mainly for workers and ordinary citizens. Dealing with the relationship between people, buildings, vehicles, trees and water is very clever.

Wonderful, with a strong sense of integrity, it is of great historical value. Since then, the urban genre paintings painted in previous dynasties have been influenced by it.

Zhang Zeduan and The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival

Zhang Zeduan was born in Wu Dong (now Zhucheng). He studied in Bianjing in his early years, then studied painting, and worked in Hanlin Painting Academy during the reign of Song Huizong Evonne (11-1124). Professional Chinese painting

Chinese and Israeli markers and rulers are used to draw lines and express themes such as palaces, terraces and houses, especially boats, cars, shops, bridges, streets and battlements. His paintings are unique and unique. Zeduan Zhang

Most of the paintings are scattered, and only the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is well preserved.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, Bianjing was extremely prosperous, with four rivers passing through the city and four land routes. It used to be the national land and water transportation center, ranking first in the country in commercial development, with a population of more than 654.38+0 million. There are many lively activities in Bianjing City.

Market, there are all kinds of shops in the market, and even night markets have appeared. On holidays, the capital is even more lively. In order to show the prosperity of Beijing, Zhang Zeduan chose Qingming, an important festival.

Elephants performed 59 times. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival shows the land and water transportation and busy market in the capital of Northern Song Dynasty. Before the Northern Song Dynasty, China's figure painting was dominated by religion and aristocratic life.

Although Zhang Zeduan works in the Hanlin Painting Academy, his works are all called "courtyard paintings" or "courtyard paintings", but he extended his brush to the lives of people from all walks of life and created descriptions.

Social genre painting of urban and rural life. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival draws a large number of various figures. Moreover, the movements and expressions of each character in Zhang Zeduan are vivid. This fully shows that

Zhang Zeduan's life in Ming Dynasty was very rich and his creative skills were very skillful.

In the history of painting, there are many paintings called The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, but there is only one original. After many scholars and experts have studied this topic, everyone's opinions are basically the same, and they all think that Tibet is now in the north.

This picture of the Palace Museum in Beijing is an original of Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty. Other paintings of the same name were later copied or imitated by Zhang Zeduan.

At present, there is no artist's own seal on this picture scroll collected by the Palace Museum in Beijing. According to an inscription by Zhang Zhu of Jin Dynasty in the postscript after the picture, it is confirmed that its author is Zhang Zeduan. Inscription by Zhang Zhu

There are only a few words: "Hanlin Zhang Zeduan was born in Wudong (now Zhucheng, Shandong). Young students study, study in the capital, and then learn to draw things. I am a painter, and I am particularly interested in cruise ships, bridges and Guo Jing. I can't succeed.

So is the number of families. "However, in the book Xuan He Hua Pu written at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan's name could not be found. Some people speculate that it may be that he entered the painting academy late and the editor had no time to compile it into the book.

The beginning and end of a collection

After Zhang Zeduan finished this long scroll praising the history of the Millennium, he first presented it to Song Huizong. Song Huizong became the first collector of this painting. As a master of calligraphy and painting in the history of China, Song Hui.

Zong loved this painting very much. He wrote the words "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" with his famous calligraphy, and made a small seal of Shuanglong (now lost).

This masterpiece, which is well-known at all times and at home and abroad, has been appreciated by countless collectors and connoisseurs for more than 800 years after its publication, and is the goal of later emperors and dignitaries. It drifts around.

Zero, after several wars and disasters ... it entered the palace five times and was stolen four times. After many disasters, it has interpreted many legendary stories. In the third year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1524), the riverside scene in Qingming Festival.

It was transferred to Changzhou native Lu Wan (Lu Wan was a scholar of Chenghua, and the official was the Prince Shao Bao and the Minister of War, and his name was heavy for a while). Li Rihua's Diary of Wei Shuixuan in the Ming Dynasty contains: After Lu Wan's death, his

My wife sewed The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival into her pillow and never left her. She treats life as her own and can't even see her own son. Mrs. Lu has an unmarried nephew named Wang, who has a clever speech and is very popular with her.

Heart. Wang is good at painting and prefers celebrity calligraphy and painting, so he tried his best to ask his wife to borrow The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. After repeated entreaties, the lady reluctantly agreed, but he was not allowed to bring a pen and inkstone, only allowed to stay at home.

People enjoy it in the attic and don't pass it on to others. Wang Xinran did it. After two or three months, he watched it for more than a dozen times, and actually copied a somewhat similar painting. The domineering villain at that time

During the Qingming Festival, Minister Yan Song was looking for scenery by the river. When he learned about it, he bought a fake from Wang Mai for 800 taels of silver and gave it to Yan Song. There is a Mounted Police Tomson in Yan Song's house. He recognizes that the painting is fake.

Goods, then to coerce Wang Tong, make it take out forty taels of silver to bribe yourself, but Wang Tong ignored it. Tomson became angry from embarrassment. When he gave a banquet in Yan Song to celebrate, he washed away the old color on the painting with water, and Yan Song was in front of everyone.

I was embarrassed before, but later I found a way to kill the king. Wang, who copied this painting, was also implicated, arrested and starved to death in prison.

In fact, after Lu's death, his son was in a hurry to use money, so he sold The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival to Gu's house in Kunshan, which was forced by Yan Song and his son. Before that, Yan Song really made Wang Mai "famous".

Wang You did buy Yan Song a copy of Suzhou Wang Biao, only to find out later.

In Qin Long, Yan Song and his son were impeached by Zou Yinglong, and the officialdom finally fell out of power. Yan Shifan was beheaded, Yan Fu was copied, and The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was once again included in the palace.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was first written by Lu (a native of Xiangxiang, Anhui Province) in the late Qing Dynasty. Lu Feiyong was a scholar during the Qianlong period. After he got the painting, he also wrote an inscription on it. Bi yuan bought it. Bi Yuan (1730- 1797),

Zhenyang (now Taicang, Jiangsu) was born in Qianlong for twenty-five years (1760). Bi Yuan loved epigraphy and calligraphy all his life, and he had a rich collection of books at home. After he got The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, he and his brother Bilong (collected in Qing Dynasty)

Tibetan connoisseur), now there are two people's marks on the painting.

When Bi Yuan worked in Guanzhong, he devoted himself to restoring and protecting local cultural relics, but these became his "crimes". Shortly after Bi Yuan's death, Huguang people rebelled, and the Qing court thought Bi Yuan was the governor of Huguang.

Suddenly, "teaching bandits to neglect at the beginning and overcharge military expenses" not only robbed the Bi family of their jobs, but also killed all his family members, and their belongings were stolen into the palace.

After the Qing court put the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival into the palace, it was placed in Yingchun Pavilion in the Forbidden City. Emperor Jiaqing cherished it and ordered it to be included in the third edition of Shiqu Baodi. Since then,

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has been treasured in the Qing Palace. Although the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing twice in 1860 and Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing twice in 1900, they both escaped the disaster and were not damaged.

19 1 1 years later, the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, together with other precious paintings and calligraphy, was stolen from the palace by the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi, in the name of giving it to Pu Jie, and was first stored in Bird, a concession in Tianjin. 1932, Pu Yi was in

With the support of the Japanese, the Puppet Manchukuo was established, so this famous painting was taken to Changchun and stored in the library building of the East Courtyard of Puppet Manchukuo Palace.

1945 In August, the Second World War came to an end, and the end of the Japanese invaders came. When Puyi and his Japanese master saw something bad, they fled to Dalizigou by plane, and the puppet Manchu Palace caught fire.

Moreover, it was chaos in chaos. Many people took the opportunity to enter the palace to "grab foreign fish", and a large number of precious things in the pseudo-palace were scattered to the people in this turmoil, among which The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was one of them.

1946, Changchun was liberated by China People's Liberation Army. Zhang Kewei, a cadre of the People's Liberation Army, collected more than ten volumes of precious calligraphy and paintings scattered from the Puppet Manchuria Palace through local cadres, including The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.

From 65438 to 0947, Comrade Zhang Kewei was transferred to the Northeast Administrative Committee. Before he left, he handed over more than ten volumes to Comrade LAM Raymond, one of the main leaders who opened up the revolutionary base areas in Northeast China at that time.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival entered the Northeast Museum by Lin Feng, and was later transferred to the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing.

However, during the Cultural Revolution, Li Zuopeng, one of Lin Biao's four generals, took advantage of his power to "borrow" the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival from the Palace Museum and took it for himself. He also cooperated with Qiu and Wu.

Together with others, they occupied a large number of other precious cultural relics. After the fall of Lin Biao, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was rediscovered, and it is still treasured in the Palace Museum.

unsolved mystery

Autumn scenery said.

The long genre painting The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, painted by Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty, is a world-renowned artistic treasure. It is called the "national treasure" of the painting garden, just like the "Five Cattle Map" created by Han Yun in the Tang Dynasty. It is the most

The early collector was Song Huizong (Evonne), whose original "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" was written in fine gold, and the Shuanglong seal (the leisure seal of the Emperor of the Song Dynasty, used to record the bell when appreciating or collecting works of art) can prove that it was painted later.

Originally collected in the palace,11After the fall of Bianjing in 26 years, all the precious cultural relics in the palace, including this famous painting, were taken away by the Jin people, who didn't know the value of this painting at first. Another 59 years passed, that is, Jin Shizong University.

Twenty-six years (1 186), Zhang Zhu wrote the first postscript of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, and quoted a painting theory, which confirmed that Zhang Zeduan, a poet in the Song Dynasty, used the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival and the West Lake Scene as the standard.

The name of the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival has been decided.

In history, there have been some arguments about the time when Zhang Zeduan created the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival and the symbol of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. This painting depicts Tomb-Sweeping Day since the Jin Dynasty, and there seems to be no objection. the Ming Dynasty

According to Wei Shuixuan's Diary, this painting has not only Song Huizong's thin gold inscription, but also Song Huizong's inscription. There is a saying in the poem that "the spring river is full of water". In this way, this picture scroll

There is no doubt that it depicts the scenery in spring. Modern and contemporary art historians such as Zheng Zhenduo, Xu Bangda and Zhang Anzhi all hold the view of "spring scenery". However, some people have raised objections to this.

The first person who was skeptical about the theory of spring scenery was Mr. Kong, a teacher in Kaifeng. In the second issue of Art magazine of 198 1, he published the article "Questioning the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival", listing eight reasons.

It is considered that the riverside scene at Qingming Festival is autumn scenery.

First, there is a donkey carrying a 10 basket of charcoal on the right side of the picture. Meng Yuanyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty recorded in "Dream of China in Tokyo" that every October in the lunar calendar, Bianjing began to "make charcoal in the kitchen, put wine in front, and warm the party". If Tomb-Sweeping Day,

It is against the life customs of Song people to enter the heater charcoal before and after. Father Meng and Zhang Zeduan lived in the same era. Dream of Tokyo is an important material to study the customs of the capital of song dynasty, and the historical events described should be credible.

Second, there is a farm fence full of eggplant and other crops. More interestingly, several children are playing and chasing naked. None of this is Tomb-Sweeping Day's business.

Third, there are more than a dozen people with fans on the screen, which are fan-shaped and sunshade-shaped. Common sense tells people to use fans in dog days, and few people use fans in early spring.

Fourth, straw hats and bamboo hats appear in many places on the screen. "Straw hats and bamboo hats are used to keep out the sun and rain. There is no rain in the picture. It must be used to keep out the sun. According to the climate of the capital of song dynasty at that time, Tomb-Sweeping Day seems to be absent.

This is necessary and worthy of our doubt. "

5. There are many wine shops in the picture, and the word "new wine" is written on the wine flag, while "Hua Lu in a Dream in Tokyo" reads: "Before the Mid-Autumn Festival, all the shops sold new wine ... drunk and delicious, and the city people competed for it (see Mid-Autumn Festival in the book)."

In Song Dynasty, Xingu came down to brew mash wine to celebrate the harvest, otherwise there would be no new wine.

There is a small tea stall on the screen, and the sign says "Drink in summer". "If the word' Xia' in' Yin Zi under the mouth' is good, it is enough to explain its season."

Seven, there are several vendors on the river bank and the bridge, and there are cut watermelons on the table. The early spring in the ancient capital of Bianliang in the Song Dynasty was warm and cold, so there could be no fresh fruit like watermelon. Eight, sedan chair and rider photos

With the ranks of servants, the mound faces the city. After careful analysis, although these people may visit graves, it is more appropriate to say that they came back from hunting in autumn, because they may visit graves all year round.

As far as flower arrangement is concerned, both spring and autumn can explain it. Judging from various phenomena in today's picture, it is more realistic to say autumn.

Ode theory

Following Kong's query on the riverside scene at Qingming Festival, in the mid-1980s, Mr. Zou Shencheng presented a paper "Historical Materials of Song Dynasty Images" at the China Song History Research Association.

Social significance ",that" Qingming "is neither a festival nor a place name. The word "Qingming" here was originally a eulogy given to this painting by the painter Zhang Zeduan. So some people think that "Qingming" here is very important.

Generalized understanding. There is an example in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. It says, "Fortunately, there is a clear world ..." Judging from the tone, this "clarity" means political openness. The inscription "Qingming" in the painting was originally

Zhang Zeduan presented this painting and asked the emperor to appreciate his eulogy. The inscription left by the Jin people on the screen said: "On that day, Hanlin presented an album, but it was handed down." It is pointed out that the theme of this painting is to express the calm wind.

Things. During the reign of Zhang Zeduan, he worked in Huizong Hanlin Painting and Calligraphy Institute. The first collector of this painting was Song Huizong, who witnessed the painter's intention to praise the prosperous times and win the favor of the supreme ruler. Knowing this background,

Obviously, the word "Qingming" does not refer to festivals.

Authenticity theory

There are still some rumors about the authenticity of the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Xu Shupi, the leader of the Qing Dynasty, wrote in Zhi Shu that there were four people in the painting throwing dice, including two dice.

It's six o'clock and there's another one turning. The dice player opened his mouth and shouted "six", hoping for another six. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival depicts the scenery of the capital of Song Dynasty, and a paperhanger named Tang Qin recognized the painting.

For example, people in Kaifeng call the word "six" with a pinch of accent, but the people in the painting call it "six" with their mouths open, which shows that this is the pronunciation of Fujian. He suspected that the painting was a fake, and Yan Gongqing's Summer Leisure was also classified.

Like a record. It is said in the book that this Tang Qin also studied the upper paw of the sparrow in the painting, which stepped on two tiles, which may be the failure of the copyist. Tom Lin, unknown, is what he said true?

Makes sense? It seems that further research is needed.

related data

It turns out that the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival appeared.

19 12 February 12 February Aisingiorro, the last emperor in the feudal history of China? Puyi stepped down from the throne of the emperor and declared the dream of China's feudal dynasty for more than 2,000 years.

Suddenly collapsed. According to the preferential treatment regulations, Puyi still lives in the Forbidden City. Puyi is different from any feudal emperor in China. He was educated by English teacher Johnston when he was young.

Influenced by western cultural thoughts, Xiao has always dreamed of studying abroad. In order to have enough money to realize his wish after leaving the palace, he thought of a large number of treasures collected in the palace.

Calligraphy and painting. Thus, the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which experienced four dynasties in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, entered the palace four times and mysteriously disappeared again and again. This time, it began its mysterious and long journey.

Puyi, who left the throne of the emperor, used the imperial power to "reward" his younger brother Aisingiorro 73 from 165438 in 0922 to 16 in October and then to 1923+28 in October. In the name of Pu Jie,

1285 scroll of calligraphy and painting, 68 albums moved out of the palace. These precious paintings and calligraphy works in China are priceless. Among them, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has as many as four volumes, including painters of the Northern Song Dynasty.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival painted by Zhang Zeduan; The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival imitated by Chou Ying in Ming Dynasty and Suzhou Film and Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival imitated by other painters in Ming Dynasty. special

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, is a rare masterpiece in the history of fine arts in China, and it is also a treasure that the nobles of the imperial palaces have been scrambling to collect.

1925 On February 24th, the second day of the second lunar month, commonly known as "the dragon looks up", Puyi dressed up as a businessman and went to Bird, the French Concession in Tianjin, under the surveillance of the Japanese. He gave him a reward.

A large number of treasures, calligraphy and paintings moved out of the Forbidden City in the name of his brother Pu Jie were also secretly transferred to Tianjin. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has accompanied Puyi in Tianjin for more than seven years.

1On March 8th, 932, under the control of the Japanese invaders, Puyi moved from Tianjin to Changchun with his family and a large number of treasures and calligraphy and painting, and became the emperor of the puppet Manchukuo. The riverside scene on Qingming Festival is accompanied by Puyi.

I stayed in Changchun for 65438+4 months. The Jixi Building of the Puppet Manchurian Palace in Changchun witnessed the time Puyi and his family spent in Changchun. The name "Ji Xi" was invented by Puyi himself, "Ji Xi"

This word comes from The Book of Songs? Daya？ King Wen: "King Wen, stop at Ji." However, Puyi thinks that the word "Xi" in Ji Xi is the same as that of Emperor Kangxi, and Puyi worships it very much.

Emperor Kangxi's ability and strategy of governing the country, therefore, the meaning of the word "Ji" is self-evident, and Puyi should inherit the ambition of his ancestor Emperor Kangxi and restore the great cause of Manchu Dynasty. To this end, it is not difficult to guess that Puyi is like this.

Why I like The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival: Emperors and nobles of past dynasties rushed to collect the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, all of whom were fascinated by the fantastic prosperity and auspicious atmosphere in the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.

1945, Yasuo Yamada, commander of the Japanese Kwantung Army, informed Puyi to move the capital to Tonghua. Puyi knew in his heart that the so-called moving the capital was actually an escape, and Puyi asked Yasuo Yamada to give him three days to pack his bags.

In fact, what Puyi is most worried about is the treasures and calligraphy and paintings brought out from the Forbidden City in Beijing. /kloc-for 0/3 years, the riverside scene in Qingming Festival and a large number of treasures, calligraphy and paintings have been sealed behind the Puppet Manchu Palace in Changchun.

In the painting and calligraphy building, only Puyi and several cronies know the secret sealed in the painting and calligraphy building. Puyi and his entourage hurried into this mysterious "little white house", and he learned from a large number of treasures and calligraphy and painting.

Some of the treasures were selected to flee to Tonghua, and the rest of the treasures, calligraphy and painting were looted by some guards. Among the four different versions of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which one was shot by Puyi? Which volume is missing?

In the private sector? People don't know ... Puyi fled to Dalizigou, a small mountain village at the foot of Changbai Mountain in Tonghua with some treasures, calligraphy and painting and his family. Puyi lived in Dalizigou for only three days.

Then he hurried to Shenyang to escape from Shenyang to Japan. Puyi once again selected the treasures, calligraphy and paintings brought by Changchun Pseudo Palace, and only selected a small number of treasures, calligraphy and paintings, together with his younger brother.

Pu Jie and his two brothers-in-law, three nephews, a doctor and a squire fled to Shenyang, but left most of his family and some treasures, calligraphy and painting in Dalizigou and abandoned them there.

Calligraphy and painting, some were carved up, some were burned, and finally collected by the PLA.

On August 9th, 1945, Puyi prepared to fly to Japan at Shenyang Airport. After taking off, the plane was forced to land by the Soviet Red Army. Puyi and his entourage, as well as the treasures, calligraphy and paintings he carried with him, were forcibly landed by the Soviet Union.

The Red Army stopped Puyi, and Puyi was sent to Chita in the Soviet Union by the Soviet Red Army, and then moved to Boli. Five years later, Puyi was sent back to China, and the whereabouts of four different versions of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival were unknown.

/kloc-in the winter of 0/950, the culture department of the Northeast Bureau began to sort out the cultural heritage left over after the liberation war, and Mr. Yang, an expert in calligraphy and painting appraisal, was responsible for sorting out and appraising a large number of calligraphy and painting collected from various parties.

Some paintings and calligraphy works are well preserved; Some paintings and calligraphy works were damaged. When Mr. Yang opened a broken scroll, he was shocked. This long scroll is antique hazel, which is in the painting.

The method of depicting people and street scenes embodies a unique and ancient painting method. Mr. Yang made a careful study and detailed textual research on this magnificent and exquisite painting.

The characters and scenery are lifelike. Although there is no author's signature and painting name on this painting, the inscriptions of celebrities in previous dynasties are rich and detailed, and the seals of previous dynasties are complicated, only the last emperor Puyi's.

There are as many as three seals Especially after the picture scroll, there is a clear record in the inscription and postscript of Zhang Zhu in the Jin Dynasty: "Hanlin Zhang Zeduan, right word, is also a human being. He studied at a young age, studied in the capital, and later learned to draw things. It was hard."

Jiehua', especially a bridge in Guo Jing and Che Zhou, has many different families. Judging from Xiang's "Comment on the Map", "West Lake for the Map" and "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival", it is appropriate for Tibetans to collect it. Dading Wu Bing

The day after Qingming. "Is this a rare product collected by the court nobles in the past dynasties-The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty?

Mr. Yang published this picture scroll in The Rise and Fall of National Treasures compiled by Northeast Museum, which immediately attracted the attention of experts and scholars at home and abroad and then director National Cultural Heritage Administration.

Mr. Duo transferred this scroll to Beijing, and after further research and appraisal by experts and scholars, it was confirmed that this long scroll was a thousand-year masterpiece-Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival and Baodi 3rd Edition in Shiqu.

The rare national treasure lost for many years has finally entered the Palace Museum in Beijing again.